Caloocan Campus

College of Engineering
EE Department

EXPERIMENT # 3
Magnetization Curve of a Dynamo

Instructor: ENGR. ANTONIO C. REBONG

Name: HERRERA, MARK KENNETH R.

Student number: 20111128871

Subject and Section: NEE 419 1ECM

Date Performed: January 13, 2016

Date Submitted: February 09, 2016

LIST

OF

INSTRUMENTS

AND

EQUIPMENT

AND

THEIR

DESCRIPTION
DC Machine Set
-

Provides a set of predetermined electrical and mechanical parameters

for various DC machine ratings of power (HP), DC voltage (V), rated
speed (rpm), and field voltage (V).

DC Voltmeter
-

Is an instrument used for measuring electrical potential difference

between two points in an electric circuit.

DC Ammeter
-

Instruments used to measure smaller currents, in the milliampere or

microampere range, are designated as milliammeters or
microammeters.

Tachometer
-

Is an instrument measuring the rotation speed of a shaft or disk in a

motor or other machines. The device usually displays the revolutions
per minute (RPM) on a calibrated analogue dial, but digital displays are
increasingly common.

Connecting Wires

An adaptor used to effectively bring together dissimilar connectors.

DATA
RUN 1(Voltage and Speed Relation)
Trial
1
2
3
4
5
6

Speed
1140
1237.5
1366.8
1519.2
1723.8
1971.3

RUN 2

Trial
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8

(Magnetization Curve)

Increasing IF
IF
0
0.06
0.1
0.16
0.21
0.26
0.3
0.35

ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS

Generated EMF(EG)
45.8V
70.4V
77.8V
86.7V
98.8V
113.2V

IG
1.97
17.38
29.05
41
59.9
69.5
82.6
89.3

Decreasing IF
IF
0.35
0.3
0.26
0.21
0.16
0.1
0.06
0

IG
89.3
83.9
77.3
40.3
44.4
34.13
20.93
2.58

1. How is the generated emf of the generator affected by changes in

speeds? Why?
- The generated emf is directly proportional and affected by the speed.
Because when the generator armature spins slower it cuts the flux at a
slower rate there for decreasing the voltage induced within the
armature coils, while when the generator armature spins fast it cuts
the flux at a faster rate which increases the voltage induced in the
armature coils.
2. How is the generator affected by changes in field current? Why?
- The generator emf is directly affected by the field current since the
field current controls the flux flowing through the generator higher
currents provide more flux lines which will be cut by the generator
armature causing the increase in the induced voltage in the armature
coils.

DISCUSSION
The DC

motor is

any

of

class

of

electrical

machines that

converts direct current electrical power into mechanical power. The most
common types rely on the forces produced by magnetic fields. The DC
machine, as a generator was the first device used to provide a significant
amount of electrical energy. They are widely used in automobiles and
vehicles that have electric storage batteries. However, most direct current
generators are being increasingly replaced by solid state devices, which
convert available alternating current into direct current for DC drive systems
and other DC applications. The field current in a generator produces an mmf,
which results in the field flux in accordance with the magnetization curve.

When the machine is driven by the prime mover an emf is induced in the
armature. The generated emf in the armature windings is proportional to the
field flux times the speed. The magnetization curve of a generator shows the
relation between the field current and the armature terminal voltage on an
open circuit. The curve is drawn with induced armature voltage on the y-axis
and field current on the x-axis. The magnetization curve is of great
importance because it represents the saturation of the magnetic circuit of
the DC machine. DC generators are classified according to the manner in which their flux is
produced. These include separately excited generator,

where the flux is derived from a

separate DC source. When certain conditions are fulfilled, the generator own armature circuit
may be employed as a source of excitation. These machines are referred to as self-excited
shunt generators, series generators and compound generators. The first condition for selfexcitation is there must be some residual magnetism in the poles of the generators.

CONCLUSION
DC generators have changed and helped shape the modern days, generators serve as
the primary source of electrical energy. The output generated voltage of a generator depends on
many factors; two of these factors are speed at which the armature core rotate, and the
magnetic field surrounding the armature core.

The poles provide the magnetic field necessary

for voltage production, in which for every 1 volt to be generated a coil should cut one weber or
108 lines of flux per second.

Thats why generators are created in such a way that the

armature core is consist of slot and teeth for the armature windings which serve as the coils
cutting the generated flux by the poles.

The faster the armature core rotates means more coils

are cutting the flux lines at a faster rate which leads to higher voltages to be generated,
the magnetic flux reaches a point of saturation speed then is the way to vary the output
generated voltage.

since

REFERENCES
Electric Machinery, Fourth Edition, Fitzgerald, Kingsley, and Umans, McGraw-Hill
Book Company, 1983, Chapters 2, 3 and 5.
Electromechanical Energy Conversion, Brown and Hamilton, MacMillan Publishing
Company, 1984, Chapters 2 and 5.
Electric Machines, Steady-State Theory and Dynamic Performance, Sarma, M. S.,
Wm. C. Brown Publishers, 1985, Chapters 5 and 9.