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Brown et al. 1.

Mina Brown
Austin Lee
Ammar Haq
Jordan Derbidge
Writing 2010
Jessie Richards

Violence on Campus
1.
Banyard, Victoria L., Mary M. Moynihan, and Maria T. Crossman. "Reducing Sexual Violence
on Campus: The Role of Student Leaders as Empowered Bystanders." Web.
They discuss how campuses are the most at risk for sexual violence because there are a
lot of people, and those people are the most at-risk for sexual and physical violence. To
combat future sexual violence, they suggest things such as changing peoples attitudes
towards rape and promoting bystanders to take a stand. Using their Bringing in the
Bystander approach they positively prepared bystanders to help prevent sexual violence.
2.
Carr, Joetta L. "Campus Violence White Paper." Marriot Library. Mar.-Apr. 2007. Web. 29 Feb.
2016.
Carr talks about the different kinds of violence that occur on college campuses. She
discovers that most crimes go unreported, usually because the problems were minor,
private, or the victim was unclear if it was a crime. She defines and gives examples of
sexual violence, hate crimes, hazing, violence during celebrations, suicide and attempted
suicide, murder, assault, and general violence. She identifies social norms, drug use, and
male privilege as causes of violence in general. Lastly, she asserts that universities are
required to adequately supervise and protect students.
3.
"Crime on College Campuses in the U.S." Students for Concealed Carry RSS. May 2009. Web.
01 Mar. 2016.
The Students for Concealed Council are a group of 43,000 people of varying credibility
dedicated to promoting the usage of concealed weapons on college campuses. They use
a chart to show that crimes on campus are about evenly split between assault, robbery,
and rape, although their chart doesnt include unreported crimes or crimes that occur off
campus. They argue that, in addition to carrying a gun being a right, universities cant
take away a students means of protection without a guarantee that nothing dangerous
will ever come their way.

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4.
David, Nichols W. "Violence on Campus: The Intruded Sanctuary." The FBI Law Enforcement
Bulletin (1995). Web.
Explains all aspects of crime such as sexual assaults, physical abuse, and the fact that it
is growing. Nichols states that it can take an entire village (Nichols, 1995) to raise
college kids. This calls for attention and action for the police, such as doing more
patrols, offering personal escorts via call, and patrolling by bike.
5.
Downey, John P., and Frances K. Stage. "Hate Crimes and Violence on College and University
Campuses." College Student Development 40.1 (1999): 3-9. Web.
Abuse happens in many forms and can be in the form of crimes that have to do with
race, sex, and gender. These crimes happen often on campus and there needs to be a
civil environment to be safe in. It goes on to list many ideas to prevent hate crimes such
as censoring offensive ideas and making known policies and rules concerning these hate
crimes.
6.
Fabiano, Patricia M., H. Wesley Perkins, Alan Berkowitz, Jeff Linkenbach, and Christopher
Stark. "Engaging Men as Social Justice Allies in Ending Violence Against Women:
Evidence for a Social Norms Approach." Marriot Library. Nov.-Dec. 2003. Web. 29
Feb. 2016.
To prevent sexual assault, the authors suggest to focus on the men. They want to change
mens perception of women through various interventions, to use the media to influence
the rape culture, to change drinking behavior, and to change social norms. They discuss
the importance of consent and the personal willingness to intervene as ways to prevent
sexual assault. They conclude to change social norms to make men protectors of women
and allies of justice.
7.
Fletcher, Paula C., and Pamela J. Bryden. "Preliminary Examination Of Safety Issues On A
University Campus: Personal Safety Practices, Beliefs & Attitudes Of Female Faculty &
Staff." College Student Journal 41.4 (2007): 1149-1162. SPORTDiscus with Full Text.
Web. 1 Mar. 2016
This article is a survey done with over a hundred and fifty women who are faculty or
staff at a university from Central Ontario, Canada. This survey was to provide
information for four specific areas. The areas are; overall safety on campus, harassment

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on campus, safety issues involving interactions with students, and issues regarding
campus security. This articles provides a different point of college safety as many jump
to the conclusion that students are the only people who would feel unsafe on campus,
which is proven false in this article.
8.
Fox, James A., and Jenna Savage. "Mass Murder Goes to College An Examination of Changes
on College Campuses Following Virginia Tech." American Behavioral Scientist 52.10
(2009): 1465-485. Web.
The authors explain how important it is to have an ERP plan (Emergency Response
Plan) ready for any instance, specifically mass shootings. Quick communication for the
entire university is key as it alerts students and faculty. They go on to address how the
university needs further education on the plans that are around to have an understanding
of the tools students and faculty have around to ensure their safety.
9.
Fox, James Alan. "The Troubled Student And Campus Violence: New Approaches." Chronicle
Of Higher Education 55.12 (2008): A42-A43. Religion and Philosophy Collection. Web.
1 Mar. 2016.
This article is mostly focused around the mental health of graduate students who tend to
have an obsession with being successful. This obsession over the past two decades has
caused 11 of the 14 mass shootings or murders on college campuses. A simple solution
to solve this problem is for teachers, faculty, and even students to learn about the signs
of mental health issues in order to prevent such chaos. The information provided would
be a good way of looking into the safety of not only for the students who are the victims
but for the students who finally broke due to the pressures of life and decided to turn to
violence rather than help.
10.
Furlong, Michael. Trends in School Psychology for the 21st century: Influences of school
violence on professional change. Psychology in the schools Vol 37, 2000
This article mentions how there was a goal to remove all violence (school shootings
primarily) and drugs from schools by the year 2000. It goes on to discuss what went
wrong and what are some steps that can be taken to reduce future conflicts and even
preventing them. Psychology is heavily involved in the making of this article.
11.
Gray, Eliza. "University Survey Highlights Role of 'Verbal Coercion' in Sexual Assault."
Time.com. Time Magazine, 25 June 2015. Web. 23 Feb. 2016.
<http://time.com/3936005/university-michigan-sexual-misconduct-survey/>.

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The article University Survey Highlights Role of 'Verbal Coercion' in Sexual Assault
holds vital information from multiple universities where anonymous surveys were taken
to look into the horrors of sexual assault incidents that are not reported. The reason for
this study is for the usage of certain universities to focus on preventing further
occurrences. The reason for this article being published is to bring awareness to the
public that universities are not as safe and sound as they are portrayed to be by the
media.
12.
"Hazing Awareness and Prevention Office of the Dean of Students. Web. 29 Feb. 2016.
The Boston College takes a stand on what hazing is, in all its varying degrees of
severity. They divided hazing into three categories: subtle hazing, harassment hazing,
and violent hazing. They also use these categories to decide what punishment a student
should receive for hazing. There is also a punishment for not reporting a hazing incident.
They will also require every student team and organization to inform their members of
these new rules in an effort to get rid of hazing on campus.
13.
Hurd, Deamonte. "TN Board of Regents to Study Security on College Campuses."
Dailyhelsman.com. 23 Feb. 2016. Web. 23 Feb. 2016.
<http://www.dailyhelsman.com/news/tn-board-of-regents-to-study-security-on-collegecampuses/article_97c893b8-da4b-11e5-a599-6388eaae9d82.html>.
Hurd discusses what campuses are doing to stretch their safety measures. He discusses
how some colleges are spending millions of dollars on new lock systems and security
systems. Universities find extensive funding of technology throughout buildings to be
the better solution to lower crime rates across campuses.
14.
Lombardi, Kristen. "Sexual Assault on Campus "High Rates of Rape, Closed Hearings, and
Confusing Laws"" Publicintegrity.org. 1 Dec. 2009. Web. 23 Feb. 2016.
<http://www.publicintegrity.org/2009/12/01/9047/sexual-assault-campus-shroudedsecrecy>.
Sexual assault on campus High rates of rape, closed hearings, and confusing laws is
an article with extensive research of what causes sexual assaults and other related crimes
and how they are massively ignored by not just the justice system but also by the
universities where they are taking place. The personal input of victims involved to gives
an even better understanding of the issue.
15.

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Miles, D. Address campus violence through training for students, advocating with legislators
Campus Sec. Rep., 12: 16. (2016). doi: 10.1002/casr.30116
This article points that things need to be changed on campus security in order to have a
safer and more educational environment. The authors begin by talking about past
experiences of how mass violence has occurred on college campuses and how, to this
day, it still leaves a sting on everybodys mind because it is not the number one issue on
students minds. This is an issue not just for the university but also for legislators who
need to get this issue into a bigger light for solutions come into play. The big idea that
the author wants to point out is that we must educate ourselves and others in order to be
safe and keep others out of harm.
16.
Nicholson, Mary E.; Wang, Min Qi; Maney, Dolores; Yuan, Jianping; Mahoney, Beverly S.; and
Adame, Daniel D., "Alcohol Related Violence and Unwanted Sexual Activity on the
College Campus" (1998). Faculty Publications and Presentations. Paper 8.
http://digitalcommons.liberty.edu/health_fac_pubs/8.
Much of the sexual activity and abuse on campus is a result of the consumption of
alcohol. Many of these victims may report the incidents to friends, but fail to share with
an authority. To reduce campus related violence they suggest to target the whole
academic community, both a primary, secondary, and tertiary approach of educating,
identifying, and producing such care for victims.
17.
Porter, Judy, and Laverne McQuiller Williams. "Intimate Violence Among Underrepresented
Groups on a College Campus." Marriot Library. 2011. Web. 29 Feb. 2016.
The authors find sexual assault to be more common among females, DHH, and GLBO,
and even in some cases REM (Porter, et. al). They also discuss attempted rape, sexual,
physical, and psychological abuse of partners through a study that they do. REM and
GLBO students were more likely to be sexually abused by a partner, DHH and GLBO
students for psychological abuse, and DHH and GLBO to be physically abused. They
conclude that future studies should avoid the idea that sexual and dating violence are
equal among all groups of people.
18.
Ross, Virginia, Ph.D., and William Dejong, Ph.D. "Other Drug Use and Abuse on Campus the
Scope of the Problem." (2009). Web.
The article dissects drug abuse within the college environment very well. They give
statistics and charts showing the actual prevalence of the major drugs (ex. Marijuana to
substances such as cocaine and heroin) used. Later on it goes on to discuss how each of

Brown et al. 6.

the drugs is used and the harmful effects of taking them. The article also discusses how
violence can occur from the intake of specific drugs. Towards the end of the article it
gives ways to prevent what is happening around college campuses.
19.
Sarah McMahon, Judy L. Postmus, and Ruth Anne Koenick. "Conceptualizing the Engaging
Bystander Approach to Sexual Violence Prevention on College Campuses." Journal of
College Student Development 52.1 (2011): 115-130. Project MUSE. Web. 1 Mar. 2016.
Sarah McMahon, Judy L. Postmus, and Ruth Anne Koenick introduce the Engaging
Bystander Approach which is a new method to teach people ways to engage and stop
sexual assaults before the situation becomes serious. This method has been adopted by
one-third of college campuses around the country. This article gives solutions to the
problem while also showing that safety on college campus is a problem.
20.
"Sexual Violence; Security on Campus and Promoting Awareness, Victim Empowerment
Launch Unprecedented Approach to Shattering the Silence of College Sexual Violence."
Women's Health Law Weekly (2011): 163. ProQuest. Web. 1 Mar. 2016.
A statistic is given that during a womens first two years in college, 1 in 4 of them will
be sexually assaulted and 95.2% of these acts will never be reported. There are two
organizations determined to make a difference in order to stop sexual violence. These
organizations are PAVE: Promoting Awareness, Victim Empowerment and SOC:
Security on Campus, Inc. They have come together and created Safe Campus, Strong
Voices. This is a new programs that helps bring awareness to this crime and helps
people who are victims. This program will also help other students or bystanders to
stand up and speak up when something like this happens, help victims give their voices
back, and bring justice back to the campus.
21.
Sokolow, Brett A., W. Scott Lewis, James A. Keller, and Audrey Daley. "College and University
Liability for Violent Campus Attacks." JOURNAL OF COLLEGE AND UNIVERSITY
LAW 34.2 (2008): 319-47. Web.
This article explains how society sees college students responsible for making choices
that shape their futures (College and University Liability for Violent Campus
Attacks, p.321, Sokolow, Lewis, Keller, Daley, 2008). This fact, as the article states it,
doesnt make it okay for security to not be in control. It goes through how they arent
charged to provide security under every situation, but that with foreseeable events their
needs to be a duty of special relationships.
22.

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Sutton, H. Review the top 7 things to know right now about campus security. Dean and
Provost, 17: 17. (2005). doi: 10.1002/dap.30108
Kim Vansell, director of the National Center for Campus Safety and Terry McCauley,
public safety director give the most immediate concerns of campus security and also
give solutions to solve the problem in hopes to promote new programs or policies on
campuses across the country. They being by talking about making a procedure process
before any type of violence, specifically sexual violence, occurs and give students the
right resources on where to go, what to do, and why its important to report. Next, they
make aware the usage of social media networking to make trouble easier to detect for
everybody. Last is for campus security. The students need to educate themselves and
others in order to keep each other safe and know what the consequences are if these
actions are not taken seriously.
23.
Wasserman, Cressida. "Dating Violence On Campus A Fact Of Life." NATIONAL CENTER
FOR VICTIMS OF CRIME NETWORKS 2004: 16-21. Print.
Discusses the types of violence that can occur between couples. This can include
physical abuse, verbal abuse, sexual abuse, and even stalking. All cases are important
and should be known. There are little resources and when there are, not many know
about them.
24.
Yoohyun Song. "Campus Security Should Not Be Armed." 23 Feb. 2016. Web. <http://eruanews.com/final-approach/2016/02/23/campus-security-should-not-be-armed/>.
The article Campus Security Should Not Be Armed discusses the possibilities of
arming professors and other personnel on campus. It later goes on to say why it is not a
good idea. The article was created as an argument for why having more fire power
around campuses is a bad idea.

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