Lesson Plan Course 3

Date

: March 31, 2016

Teachers Name

: Deniz Ozkaya

Lesson Plan Type

: Inquiry/Problem Solving

Grade Level

:8

Subject/Topic

: Math / Algebraic Representations of Dilations

Time
Procedure
Introduction
Instructional Activities
Differentiated Instruction
Evaluation
Closure
Timeline
:

90 min
0-10 min

10-45 min

45-55 min

55-80 min

80-90 min

TEKS objectives: Use an algebraic representation to explain the effect of a given positive rational scale
factor applied to two-dimensional figures on a coordinate plane with the origin as the center of dilation.
Lesson objectives: Students use transformational geometry to represent algebraically the effect of a scale
factor applied to two-dimensional figures on a coordinate plane with the origin as the center of dilation.
Materials: Projector, graph paper, geo boards, geometric shapes, notebook, activity papers
Introduction:
Motivating the Lesson: Have you ever drawn a picture or diagram, and then enlarged it to, for example,
paint a mural or make a poster? How could you describe and specify such an enlargement using the
language of mathematics?
An enlargement is when something has been made larger. If you increase the size of a photo on your
computer, you have enlarged it.
A reduction is when something has been made smaller. In a dollhouse, the furniture is reduced to scale
so that it resembles actual furniture but is small.

Dilations include both enlargements and reductions.

Scale Factor is the ratio used to enlarge or reduce similar figures.

Instructional Activities and Procedures:

EXPLORE ACTIVITY 1: Graphing Enlargements
When a dilation in the coordinate plane has the origin as the center of dilation, you can find points on the
dilated image by multiplying the x- and y-coordinates of the original figure by the scale factor. For scale
factor k, the algebraic representation of the dilation is (x, y) (kx, ky). For enlargements, k > 1.
The figure shown on the grid is the pre-image. The center of dilation is the origin.
A. List the coordinates of the vertices of the pre-image in the first column of the table.
B. What is the scale factor for the dilation?
C. Apply the dilation to the pre-image and write the coordinates of the vertices of the image in the
second column of the table.
D. Sketch the image after the dilation on the coordinate grid.

Questioning Strategies:

How does the dilation affect the length of line segments?

Each line segment in the image is three times longer than the corresponding line segment in the
preimage.

How does the dilation affect angle measures?

The dilation does not change the angle measures.

Before you do any calculation, how can you predict the size of the dilated image?
Since the scale factor is 3, the image will be larger than the pre-image, and the lengths of the sides
will be 3 times the lengths of the sides for the pre-image.

What is the center of dilation for this dilation? Explain.

It is the origin, because lines joining the corresponding vertices intersect at that point.

Describe how you can check graphically that you have drawn the image triangle correctly.
Draw segments from the center of dilation through the vertices of the pre-image to make sure they
pass through the image vertices. Then check the length of 1 side of the image.

Describe how you can check graphically that you have drawn the image triangle correctly.
Draw segments from the center of dilation through the vertices of the pre-image to make sure they
pass through the image vertices. Then check the length of 1 side of the image.

EXPLORE ACTIVITY 2: Graphing Reductions

For scale factors between 0 and 1, the image is smaller than pre-image. This is called a reduction.
Engaging: Have students write the coordinates for the vertices on both figures. Ask students to label the
lengths of the vertical and horizontal segments and then to compare the ratios of these lengths. Have
students draw lines to join the corresponding vertices of the two figures to demonstrate these lines
intersect at the origin, or center of dilation.
The arrow shown is the pre-image. The center of dilation is the origin.
A. List the coordinates of the vertices of the pre-image in the first column of the table.
B. What is the scale factor for the dilation?
C. Apply the dilation to the pre-image and write the coordinates of the vertices of the image in the second
column of the table.

D. Sketch the image after the dilation on the coordinate grid.

Reflection:

How does the dilation affect the length of line segments?

The image length is 1/2 that of the pre-image

How would a dilation with scale factor 1 affect the pre-image?

The image and pre-image would be the same.

Guiding Questions & Enduring Understanding:

How can you describe the effect of a dilation on coordinates using an algebraic representation?
Sample answer: For scale factor k, the algebraic representation of the dilation, with center at the
origin, is (x, y) (kx, ky).

A dilation of (x, y) (kx, ky) when 0 < k < 1 has what effect on the figure? What is the effect on the
figure when k > 1?
When k is between 0 and 1, the dilation is a reduction by the scale factor k. When k is greater than 1,
the dilation is an enlargement by the scale factor k.

Describe the mathematical notation used to write the algebraic representation of a dilation.
It begins with the ordered pair (x, y) and then has an arrow pointing right to another ordered pair that
shows both x and y multiplied by the scale factor.

Modifications/Differentiated Instruction:
Modeling and Cooperative Learning:
Students work in pairs with geoboards to demonstrate various dilations. Rubber bands make effective
models for stretching and shrinking. Students create the figures in the following Example 1 as well as
Exercise 2. Having one partner call out the coordinates of a figure and the other construct the figure on
the geoboard. Then giving them a scale factor for a dilation of the figure, and asking them to demonstrate
it on the geoboard.

Evaluation:
Example 1: Graph the image of ABC after a dilation with the origin as its center and a scale factor of 3.
What are the vertices of the image?

Step1: Multiply each coordinate of the vertices of ABC by 3 to find the vertices of the dilated image.
ABC (x, y) (3x, 3y) ABC

The vertices of the dilated image are A(3, 3), B(9, 3), and C(3, 9).
Step 2: Graph the dilated image.

Example 2: Graph the image of XYZ after a dilation with a scale factor of 1/ 3 and the origin as its
center. Then write an algebraic rule to describe the dilation.
(x, y) (x/3, y/3)

Closure:
ESSENTIAL QUESTION CHECK-IN
For scale factor k, the algebraic representation of the dilation is (x, y) (kx, ky).

What is the effect on the figure when 0 < k < 1?

When k is between 0 and 1, the dilation is a reduction by the scale factor k.
What is the effect on the figure when k > 1?
When k is greater than 1, the dilation is an enlargement by the scale factor k.

Video:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BCllaARDOWI

(6 min)

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kX5VN85p5M4

(2 min)

Worksheet
Use triangle ABC for Exercises 14.
1. Give the coordinates of each vertex of ABC.
A_________________B_________________ C_________________
2. Multiply each coordinate of the vertices of ABC by 2
to find the vertices of the dilated image A'B'C'.
A'_________________B'_________________ C'_________________
3. Graph A'B'C'.
4. Complete this algebraic rule to describe the dilation.

(x, y) ________

Use the figures at the right for Exercises 57.

5. Give the coordinates of each vertex of figure JKLMN.
J_________________K_________________L_________________
M_________________,N_________________
6. Give the coordinates of each vertex of figure J'K'L'M'N'.
J'_________________K'_________________L'_________________
M'_________________, N'_________________
7. Complete this algebraic rule to describe the dilation.

(x, y) _______

Exercises 8-10:
Li made a scale drawing of a room. The scale used was 5 cm 1 m. The scale
drawing is the pre-image and the room is the dilated image.
8. What is the scale in terms of centimeters to centimeters?
____________________________________________________________________________________________________

9. Complete this algebraic rule to describe the dilation from the scale drawing to
the room.
(x, y) ___________________________

10. The scale drawing measures 15 centimeters by 20 centimeters.

What are the dimensions of the room?