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Table of Contents
1.
Introduction ........................................................................................................... 4
2.
Initial Environmental Review ............................................................................... 4
2.1. Initial Environmental Review Checklist ................................................................... 5
3.
4.
Environmental Aspects........................................................................................ 6
4.1. Activities, Products and Services ........................................................................... 6
4.2. Significant Environmental Aspects ......................................................................... 7
5. Baselining ............................................................................................................. 7
6. Benchmarking Loblaws Canada ...................................................................... 7
6.1. Waste Reduction .................................................................................................... 8
6.2. Food Waste ............................................................................................................ 8
6.3. Packaging ............................................................................................................... 8
6.4. Energy Reduction ................................................................................................... 8
6.5. Fuel Reduction ....................................................................................................... 8
7.
8.
Environmental Management Plan ....................................................................... 9
8.1. Proposed Actions ................................................................................................. 10
8.1.1. Energy Consumption for Lighting ......................................................................... 10
8.1.2. Energy Consumption for Heating/Air Conditioning (HVAC).................................. 10
8.1.3. Consumption of Nylon/Paper Bags ...................................................................... 10
8.1.4. Solid Waste from Used Light Bulbs and Cellphones ............................................ 10
8.1.5. Hazardous Waste from Car Batteries and Pharmaceuticals ................................ 11
8.1.6. Consumption of Water .......................................................................................... 11
8.1.7. Fuel for Vehicles ................................................................................................... 11
8.1.8. Energy Consumption from Heavy Machinery ....................................................... 11
8.1.9. Energy Consumption for Patient Testing Devices ................................................ 11
8.1.10. Monitoring and Measurement Techniques ......................................................... 11
9.
Introduction
The IER Checklist was completed to ensure that all the elements stated in the IER were
attended to during the interview and investigation process. The IER Checklist can be
found in Appendix A.
3.
Environmental Policy
Carbon Emission
Footprint
Packaging Design
4.
Environmental Aspects
4.1.
Costco Wholesale offers a variety of Activities, Products and Services (APS). The
sectors of Costco Wholesale and their subsequent APS are presented below in Table 1.
Table 1. Activities, Products and Services (APS) for Costco Wholesale.
Sector
Activities
Indoor maintenance
Outdoor maintenance
Stocking
Bulk storage
Environmental and emergency
response
Communication
Retail
Food Court
Indoor maintenance
Preparation/handling of food
Stocking
Communication
Pharmacy and
Optical/Hearing
Centres
Indoor maintenance
Preparation/handing of prescriptions
Stocking
Products
Appliances
Automotive
Baby, kids and toys
Electronics
Grocery
Funeral
Furniture
Health and beauty
Home, dcor and
improvement
Jewellery and fashion
Office
Patio, lawn and garden
Pet supplies
Sports and fitness
Travel and luggage
Food products
Prescriptions
Services
Check-out
Returns/exchanges
Membership
services
Check-out
Check-out
Clinical services
Photo Centre
4.2.
Communication
Indoor maintenance
Preparation/handling of photos
Stocking
Communication
Photos
Paper products (calendars,
cards, etc.)
Check-out
Ink cartridge refills
Printing services
Transfer of home
movies to DVDs
Generation of Waste
Energy Consumption
4.3.
Significance Process
Generation of waste and energy consumption were selected as the two most significant
SEAs upon review of the Significant Environmental Aspects Chart found in Appendix
B. It can be seen that energy consumption and waste generation are the two most
common direct impacts from the Companys activities, products and services. Virtually
every activity, product and service related to Costco Wholesale consumes energy and
results in some form of waste generation. Thus, it is imperative that these two SEAs are
thoroughly addressed.
5. Baselining
Quantitative data collection for Costco Wholesales baseline report was not accessible
at this time due to confidentiality issues. The baselining process will enable Costco
Wholesale to measure its initial environmental performance of each aspect and
compare the measurement to future progress or lack thereof in each aspect. A year of
internal audits must also occur so that the Company can achieve a baseline to
determine its progress for that year.
6. Benchmarking Loblaws Canada
Costco Wholesale will be benchmarked against Loblaws Canada in order to measure
any progress or a lack thereof. Loblaws Canada is a suitable candidate for
Waste Reduction
Food Waste
Loblaws Canada initiated a pilot program to divert perishable foods in partnership with
food recovery programs. Loblaws Canada also monitors and assesses perishable food
waste in its corporate stores and distribution centres
6.3.
Packaging
Energy Reduction
Loblaws Canada reduced its energy consumption by 3.1% per square foot and carried
out lighting retrofitting in 127 corporate stores. Loblaws Canada also implemented solar
panels to generate energy from renewable energy sources. In addition, it installed
transcritical oxygen refrigeration as an alternative to synthetic refrigeration.
6.5.
Fuel Reduction
Loblaws Canada uses long combination vehicles in its fleet to reduce the number of
vehicles used in the transportation of goods across the country. Shipping products
Costco Wholesale has identified and set objectives and targets for its SEAs to ensure
environmental compliance and progress. The proposed objectives and targets for the
SEAs can be found in Table 3 below.
Table 3. Costco Wholesales register of environmental objectives and targets.
Aspect Description
Objective
Reduction
Target
Date
Key
Performance
Indicator
(KPI)
10%
April 3, 2016
kWh
10%
April 3, 2016
kWh
10%
April 3, 2016
kWh
Consumption of
paper/nylon bags
20%
July 2, 2016
kg
5%
April 2, 2016
kg
Generation of recyclable
Materials
10%
February 5, 2016
kg
Generation of hazardous
wastes from car batteries
and pharmaceuticals
5%
kg
Consumption of water
10%
February 6, 2016
10%
10%
February 3, 2016
kWh
Energy consumption
(powering devices for
testing patients)
5%
April 5, 2016
kWh
8.
Proposed Actions
The following actions will be taken in each category to help ensure that Costco
Wholesale will reach its objectives and targets for the identified SEAs by the appropriate
deadlines.
8.1.1. Energy Consumption for Lighting
In order to reduce the consumption of energy for lighting, the following actions will be
taken:
Installation of light sensors to turn off the light when there is no movement during the
day
Tracking of energy consumption in all areas of the Costco Wholesale facility
Use of floodlights in large staging areas to reduce the quantity of light bulbs to be
used in the building
10
11
9.
Environmental law is the legal framework that helps to govern the impacts of human
activities on our environment. In ensuring strict compliance to the environmental laws,
Costco Wholesale has established an Environmental Register which states specifically
which laws are directly related to its environmental aspects. The Environmental Register
will help to fulfil the legislative and regulatory obligations of Costco Wholesale with
respect to Canadian environmental law. Regular review of the Environmental Register
will be conducted by the EMS Officer in order to ensure that it is kept up to date with
new environmental legislation.
The website of the Ministry of the Environment and Climate Change (MOECC) and
other related journals were used to establish the following specific environmental laws
and guidelines related to Costco Wholesale presented in Table 2.
Table 2. Environmental laws and guidelines related to Costco Wholesale.
Description of
Environmental
Impact
Use of electricity for
computers, printers
and other store
electronics
Use of electricity for
lighting
Use of electricity for
HVAC
Generation of waste
paper and
recyclables from
store activities
Generation of solid
waste
Air emissions from
heating the facility
Spilling of ink/liquid
pharmaceuticals
Spill from storage and
use of diesel for
emergency generator
Source
Current
Compliance?
(Yes/No)
Yes
Electricity Act
Waste Reduction
Act
No
Ontario Regulation
347
Report of progress
regarding waste
management plan to
MOECC
Report of progress
regarding air emissions
to MOECC
Adequate storage
Yes
Yes
Ontario Regulation
419/05
ISO 140001:2004
Yes
Yes
12
Labour
10.
provided
Ensure workers are safe and
that an Internal Responsibility
System (IRS) is established
Occupational Health
and Safety Act
Local bylaws
Fire Protection and
Prevention Act
Monitoring of IRS
progress, investigation
of work accidents and
refusals, constant
inspection
Preventative measures
such as monitoring and
checking of areas
susceptible to fires.
Mitigation measures
should be reported
annually to provincial fire
department services
Yes
Yes
Yes
Additional Requirements
13
What will identify all varieties of emergency hazards that could take place in the
facility to enhance preparedness (e.g. fires, spills, loss of electrical power, etc.).
How will formulate arrangement procedures and action plans such as declaring the
emergency, initiating evacuation plans and emergency routes, using First Aid kits if
necessary and the installation of fire fighting equipment.
14
Who will identify the individual(s) in charge to implement the action plan in an
emergency situation. The individual(s) will monitor and evaluate the implementation
of the action plans on a regular basis. The individual(s) responsible should be
knowledgeable of and properly trained in health and safety procedures.
Emergency plans and procedures for each Costco Wholesale will be documented in
hard copy, bound and placed in an easily accessible area for reference by all staff if and
when necessary. This documentation will include all possible emergencies,
consequences, required actions and procedures, available resources, the contact
information of personnel, facility floor plans and facility maps with evacuation routes.
10.8. Environmental Monitoring and Measuring
Internal audits will be carried out periodically at each facility to monitor the
environmental progress of Costco Wholesales environmental objectives and targets to
ensure that all employees are aware of the Companys policies.
10.9. Non-Conformance, Preventive and Corrective Action
For the purpose of due diligence, any issue that is identified during the monitoring and
measuring phase will be corrected in order to prevent any future problems. All
corrections and changes will be documented both in hard copy and electronically and
placed in areas that are easily accessible by staff.
10.10. Records
All Costco Wholesale records of training, compliance, implementation, change of policy,
etc. shall be kept in appropriate binders and placed in an accessible area in each facility
to ensure that the EMS is followed accordingly. Records can be requested to be seen
by an auditor.
10.11. Audits
An internal audit process and schedule will be monitored and implemented by the
EMS Representative at each facility to ensure that there is compliance with Costco
Wholesales EMS. All audits will be documented in hard copy and electronically, bound
and placed in an area easily accessible by staff.
10.12. Management Review
15
16
References
Australian Government Department of the Environment (2016). Guide for Conducting
an Initial Environmental Review (IER). Retrieved from
https://www.environment.gov.au/system/files/pages/1fb781a6-fa14-4c46-884f486e53a87c86/files/env-review-checklist.pdf
Canadian Centre for Occupational Health and Safety (2016). OHS Answers Fact Sheets
Emergency Planning. Retrieved from
https://www.ccohs.ca/oshanswers/hsprograms/planning.html
Costco Wholesale (2016). Corporate Sustainability, Energy & Animal Welfare. Retrieved
from http://phx.corporate-ir.net/phoenix.zhtml?c=83830&p=irol-sustainability
Loblaws Companies Limited (2012). 2012 Corporate Social Responsibility Report.
Retrieved from http://www.loblaw-reports.ca/responsibility/2012/targets-andachievements/respect-the-environment/
Practical advice for Northern Ireland Business (n.d.). Plan and set up your
environmental management system (EMS). Retrieved
https://www.nibusinessinfo.co.uk/content/carry-out-initial-environmental-review
Appendix A
Costco Wholesale
Initial Environmental Review Checklist
Store Equipment
Photocopiers, computers, faxes, printers. Note the condition, energy rating, and
>500 locations
Is double-sided copying available and automatically programmed?
Utilizes an Energy Management System (EMS) to allow locations to control and manage
Is there any awareness material about energy use near the equipment?
HVAC and lights directly from the warehouse managers PC
Is equipment switched off after hours or when not in use?
Individual control using the EMS system allows managers to customize their operations to
their specific needs and in the process save considerable amounts of energy and dollars
Check for energy-saving functions
Photocell-controlled lighting triggers the day lighting management control system to turn
Is the equipment able to use recycled paper? Where is equipment located?
on or off the interior warehouse lights, as well as the exterior site lights
Is there a dedicated room, is there ventilation? Does equipment have an energy
saving/standby function?
*** See individual categories for specific energy-saving features
What is the ratio of personnel to equipment?
Store Paper Products and Consumables
Is there any awareness material about using recycled paper and other products?
Paper is recycled within the facilities using a triple waste stream (i.e. waste stream,
recyclables stream and food and paper stream)
What stationery products are used?
Costco offers recycled paper products for sale (e.g. green toilet paper, paper towels, etc.)
Is recycled paper used, and for what purposes? Note the % post-consumer product,
forest or plantation source, bleached etc.
Is paper collected for recycling?
How is paper disposal managed? i.e. how often, by whom, costs.
Store Lighting
Describe the lighting system
Interior sales lighting is reduced from 100% to 66% to 33% to 0%, based on daylight
are light fittings clean?
contribution through the skylights
How are old fluorescent tubes disposed?
Utilize high-efficiency ballasts (electronic for fluorescent and high efficiency HD ballasts)
Do screens or furnishings block natural light? Are blinds available to control glare and radiant
Utilize high-efficiency light source (pulse start Metal Halide (HID) and bi-level switching for
heat?
fluorescent fixtures
Utilizes dozens of fans inside the facility for the destratification of air (i.e. to move warm air
Microbial Control? Obtain available reports.
at the ceiling down to the floor to reduce the energy load for the HVAC unit)
Has Legionella monitoring been undertaken? (may be covered by existing OH&S monitoring)
Utilize variable speed motors on make-up air units and booster pumps
Energy
Is there an Energy Management Policy? Has the Energy Management Policy
Building envelopes are al insulated to meet the current energy code requirements or
been implemented?
better
Is there an Energy Management Plan? Has the Energy Management Plan been
Pre-engineered metal building is designed and made utilizing the least amount of steel so
as to use the least amount of material
Costco Wholesale
Initial Environmental Review Checklist
The Plan may include initiatives such as: Information displays about energy efficiency/use.
(e.g. near light switches)
Have energy audits been conducted? Obtain report
Analysis of energy bills?
Installation of energy saving devices?
Adjusting timer switches for seasonal and daylight saving changes?
Allowing Staff access to stairs as an alternative to lifts?
When masonry and concrete are utilized, the materials are purchased locally to the project
to minimize the transportation and impact to local road networks
Buildings employ Cool Roof designs to reduce heat transfer/heat island effects through
the roof
Non-VOC floor sealant covers 100% of concrete warehouse sales floor
Five LEED certified locations in the USA
Place high priority on the sale of energy-efficient products such as Energy Star certified
appliances to members
Fire Safety
Is there a Fire Safety Policy?
There is a Fire Safety Policy in place, but details are not known
Has the Fire Safety Policy been implemented? Is there a Fire Safety Plan?
Replacing PVC clamshell packs with paperboard-blister (i.e. printed paperboard and
been implemented?
recycled PET thermoforms) packaging
Are environmental issues factored into the Policies?
Replacing round container shapes to square container shapes (packaging change saves 600
outbound depot trucks per year)
Is packaging being reused, recycled or sent back to the supplier?
Saddle bags for fresh chicken (packaging change saves 224 truckloads of Styrofoam
materials annually)
Fruit clamshells made from recycled PET plastic (e.g. blueberries, grapes, Organic Spring
Mix and Mixed Baby Greens)
Plastic wrap and paper are baled at each warehouse and sold into the commodities market
Two large public washrooms per facility (one for women, one for men) near the Food Court
at the exit of the facility (but this may change depending on the facility)
Is there a Water Conservation Policy? Has the Water Conservation Policy been
implemented?
Gas water heaters are direct vent and 94% efficient or greater
implemented?
High efficiency restroom fixtures (i.e. low flow fixtures) provide 40% water savings over
fixtures currently required by code
The Plan may include initiatives such as: Information displays about conserving water use.
Installation of water saving devices (eg screened faucets, dual-flush toilets).
Utilize reclaim tanks to capture heat released by refrigeration equipment to heat domestic
Notification and repair of leaking taps. Monitoring water consumption.
water in lieu of rejecting heat to the outside
Identification of high demand water use areas. Reduction strategies.
Recycles meat scraps and rotisserie chicken grease to the animal feed industry
water)
Utilize chicken grease separators to separate the water and solids from the rotisserie
What types of hand drying facilities are available?
grease
e.g. cloth, electric or paper towel
Grease is picked up by a national contractor (clean grease has an increased value in the
biodiesel market as well as other uses)
Paper products (% post-consumer product, forest or plantation source, bleached)
Costco Wholesale
Initial Environmental Review Checklist
Produce and deli waste is de-packaged and fill bins that the fresh produce is delivered in;
the bins are picked up local farmers, local worm farm operators that turn organic waste
into compost or local composting facilities
Emphasizes sustainably sourced products (examples include coffee, flowers, French green
beans, shrimp, tilapia and vanilla)
Hazardous Materials
Are hazardous materials present?
USTs at Costco gas stations, which are corrosion-proof and double-walled and are
PCBs? (e.g. in light fittings)
continuously monitored for any leaks
Ozone depleting substances? (check fridges) Chemicals (cleaning/industrial)?
Costco has implemented 3E MSDS On Demand, 3E Poison & Exposure Hotline and 3E Spill
Lead (in paint coats, dust, soil, roof lining)? Are current Material Safety Data Sheets
Hotline programs throughout the organization to provide 24-7-365 access to 3E hazmat
available? Where? Who maintains them? Are they updated?
specialists via the HazMat Mission Control Center for MSDS requests, medical advice and
Are underground storage tanks present? If so, have the tanks been investigated? (Note: Check
access to toxicologists and physicians in the event of a poison or exposure incident and
boiler system fuel - Has the boiler fuel been converted from oil to gas previously? Where were
chemical cleanup advice if a hazardous material is spilled in the warehouse
oil tanks located?)
Transport
Does carpooling take place?
Do many people use public transport? What are public transport facilities
like?
Inspect car parks: How many and where are they? Note condition of stormwater drains in the
car park
Cars, vans, trucks number, size and make, Green Vehicle Guide rating.
Delivery/Loading dock inspection. What supplies are delivered (chemicals, office supplies,
machinery)?
Is there potential of spillage?
Vehicle Maintenance: How are vehicles maintained? Who is responsible? Where are
records kept?
Vehicles
Gas stations have corrosion-proof double-wall USTs and piping that are continuously
monitored for leaks through an electronic monitoring system
Secondary containment system ensures that even a rare leak will not actually reach the
environment
If a leak is detected, the entire station will automatically shut down
Costco Wholesale
Initial Environmental Review Checklist
What are the utilities in place and what steps are taken to reduce the bills?
Utility Bills
Electronic alarm systems for leaks are monitored around the clock by employees and
outside service
Gas stations have underground oil/water separators which trap surface hydrocarbons
before they can enter the storm sewer system
Gas stations have vapour recovery systems, which capture gasoline vapors displaced during
vehicle refueling and route vapours back to the USTs
Gas station attendants are trained on how to properly clean up surface spills before it
evaporates or finds its way into the soil (attendants use a fuel migration solution called
FM-186 which is sprayed on the spill and mixed in with a brush to render the spill nonflammable)
As a result of diverting 17 509 tonnes of post-recycled waste from landfill, Costco has:
Avoided 17 509 tonnes of CO2 equivalent GHGs
Reduced the need for 4 377 tonnes of coal or 735 378 gallons of fuel oil
Achieved GHG offsets equal to pulling more than 3 648 cars off the road for a year
Generated 9 629 950 kWh of renewable electricity
Appendix B
Costco Wholesale
Significant Environmental Aspects (SEAs) Chart
Sector
Retail
Process (APS)
Indirect Aspects
Direct Aspects
Disposal costs,
customers producing
waste
Supply chain
implications
Energy consumption
(generating goods)
Increase in electricity
bills, reduction of
resources and air quality
Preservation of natural
resources and landfill
capacity
Increased company
costs
Energy consumption
Increase in electricity
bills, reduction of
resources and air quality
Disposal costs
Increased company
costs
Water consumption
Increased company
costs
Increase in electricity
bills, reduction of
resources and air quality
Disposal costs
Generation of wastewater
Preservation of landfill
capacity, available for
composting
Increased company
costs
Increase in electricity
bills, reduction of
resources and air quality
Outdoor maintenance
Increased company
costs
Increase in electricity
bills, reduction of
resources and air quality
Indoor maintenance
Disposal costs
Generation of wastewater
Increased company
costs
Increase in electricity
bills, reduction of
resources and air quality
Disposal costs
Reduced landfill
capacity, reduced land
quality
Increased company
costs
Energy consumption
(computers, telephones, etc.)
Increase in electricity
bills, reduction of
resources and air quality
Disposal costs
Reduced landfill
capacity, reduced land
quality
Goods
Bulk storage
Bathrooms
Food court
Administrative (offices)
Impacts
Costco Wholesale
Significant Environmental Aspects (SEAs) Chart
Pharmacy/
Optical/
Hearing
Photo
Centre
Communication
(telephone, fax, etc.)
Increased company
costs
Increase in electricity
bills, reduction of
resources and air quality
Medical appointments
(vision/hearing)
Increased company
costs
Increase in electricity
bills, reduction of
resources and air quality
Medical prescriptions
(over the counter)
Disposal costs,
customers producing
waste
Reduced landfill
capacity, reduced land
quality
Disposal costs,
customers producing
waste
Reduced landfill
capacity, reduced land
quality
Maintenance/
housekeeping (cleaning,
technological
maintenance)
Disposal costs
Reduced landfill
capacity, reduced land
quality
Increased company
costs
Energy consumption
Increase in electricity
bills, reduction of
resources and air quality
Disposal costs,
customers producing
waste
Reduced landfill
capacity, reduced land
quality
Photo lab
Increased company
costs
Increase in electricity
bills, reduction of
resources and air quality
Printing services
Increased company
costs
Increase in electricity
bills, reduction of
resources and air quality
Disposal costs,
customers producing
waste
Reduced landfill
capacity, reduced land
quality
Disposal costs,
customers producing
waste
Reduced landfill
capacity, reduced land
quality
Other products
(electronics, frames,
etc.)
Disposal costs,
customers producing
waste
Reduced landfill
capacity, reduced land
quality