Pasadena City College

Why the Effects of Bullying in Children Shouldnt Be Ignored

Daisy Ojeda

STACC English 1A TR

Professor Ogden

27 April 2016

Abstract
The importance of mental awareness in children who are victims of bullying can no longer be
ignored. The results of children inflicting acts of suicide on themselves should no longer be
dismissed. Dismissal of these said issues and what effect they have on children emphasize on the
cause of bullying and the lack of school administration interference when evidence is provided
and statistics and news coverage support what is being argued. The proposed issue can be solved
by simply ending the repetitive cycle that we, in the 21st century, have decided to allow to
continue. My proposition is to end this cycle by raising awareness in schools and in the homes of
teachers and parents alike.

Outline for Blended Essay: Why the Effects of Bullying in Children Shouldnt Be Ignored

Thesis: In todays society most individuals do not understand that bullying is a serious issue that
needs to be continuously addressed for young children. Bullying is a normal part of the lives of
certain individuals. They live in fear of their lives and suicide may seem like the only plausible
option for them. Although we have many charities and programs that help combat against the
statistics of suicidal children, I believe that this is not enough because we can do better. Without
the education of the effects of bullying on the minds of young children the statistics will only
become worse. They live in fear of their lives, suicide may seem like the only plausible option
for the students affected. This is for the kids who deal with everyday punishment for being
unique, for the kids whose parents do not understand or cant help because they are not with
them 24/7. For the kids who end their lives too soon without ever finding out there was another
way. Without the education of the effects of bullying on the minds of young children the statistics
and patterns that we have already seen throughout the years will only become worse.
I. The world I come from is one where you need to know your strength and deal with
authoritarian people such as teachers and school boards telling you what you can and
cant consider something an issue, no matter how severe the level of harassment.
A. Through most of elementary school and middle school, I was
bullied. For many years, I couldnt understand why they chose me, and why I
couldnt go to someone who actually understood what I was going through.
Especially, why my school superintendent did not do anything for my problem
other than tell my bully to stop bothering me. Many nights I often thought about
suicide and how much more easily it would be for me to be dead rather than deal
with the root of the issue at school and at home.
1. Anyone can be affected from this problem for showing
demonstrated diversity, whether it be from race, gender, physical
appearance/attributes, to sexual orientation.
2. Dismissal of problems such as bullying is something that is far too
commonly known for the victims of the repeated harassment.
II. In my experience with bullying, I have dealt with my own personal feelings of suicide
and it took me many years to overcome them. Those who have been bullied is a place that
I am very familiar with. Through most of elementary school and middle school, I was
bullied. Many nights I often thought about suicide and how much more easily it would be
for me to be dead rather than deal with the root of the issue.
A. Why my personal experience matters and how this validates my opinions on
what needs to be changed in society.
1. Introduction into my discourse community.
III. Author John Swales identifies what a discourse community is and how a person can
be affected by it, the worst result being death. My discourse community being my
schools education system and the lack of acknowledgment to societal issues within the
school. Most children can relate to this issue because unfortunately, most education
systems follow this same format.

A. A discourse community has a threshold level of members with a suitable 17

degree of relevant content and discoursal expertise. Discourse communities
have changing memberships; individuals enter as apprentices and leave by death
or in other less involuntary ways. However, survival of the community depends
on a reasonable ratio between novices and experts (The Concept of Discourse
Community).
1. This issue should matter to anyone who truly cares about the future of
their children and their safety in school and in the modern world.
IV. The world I come from and why I care so much about this subject.
A. My community is one where you have to know your strength know when to
stand up for yourself. Anyone can easily pick on someone else for showing
demonstrated diversity, whether it be from race, gender, physical
appearance/attributes, to sexual orientation.
V. Children who do not fall under the category of normal labels, gender, and sexual
orientation are more likely to become targeted and harassed.
A. Sexual minorities (e.g., lesbian, gay, and bisexual individuals) are at higher
risk for mental and physical health disparities than heterosexuals, and research has
related some of these disparities to minority stressors such as institutional
heterosexism, sexual prejudice, and discrimination (Resilience Through
Relational Connection).
1. Children who identify as any category under LGBTQ+ community are
not exempt from being victims to harassment, in any case it is actually
worse.
B. Adolescent suicide is a preventable tragedy yet is still the third leading cause
of death in young people of age 10-24. Contrary to the idea that childhood
bullying is a normal part of growing up or a rite of passage, it is now correlated
with adolescent suicidality (Examining Childhood Bullying and Adolescent
Suicide: Implications for School Nurses).
1. The traditional form of thinking for most kids these days is to attack
other children if they are different or they demonstrate traits that do not
conform to societal norms.
2. In reality, if we continue this state of ignorance
of allowing our children to be continuously following the cycle of being
hurt and turning to what they believe will end their suffering, suicide.
VII. My solution would include a nation-wide school assembly that discusses the severe
effect of bullying (i.e. cyber-bullying, verbal and physical bullying) what we can do
about it, and the results of ignoring or neglecting concerning behavior from students.
A. Center for suicidal children and therapy for families experiencing problems
with handling the solution.
1. Awareness on the severity of bullying and its effects on the victims.

Conclusion: For many students all over the world, bullying is a serious issue that they themselves
cannot handle on their own without the aid of others. Although the children believe suicide is
their only solution there is always another way out. By educating schools about this topic we can
fix this issue in our society and bring forth open mindedness among children, teachers, and
family in schools and at home. Without the education of the effects of bullying on the minds of
young children the statistics and patterns that we have already seen throughout the years will
only worsen with time. My program and center for those who are struggling with suicidal
thoughts can be combated against. By educating schools about this topic we can fix this issue in
our society and bring forth open mindedness among children, teachers, and family in schools and
at home.

Why the Effects of Bullying in Children Shouldnt Be Ignored

Imagine waking up, opening your eyes and automatically feeling that same sadness you
felt yesterday, and the day before that. You feel those same butterflies you feel every single day
before going to school. You look in the mirror, somehow hoping that your acne and crooked teeth
would heal overnight and youll look more beautiful, more accepted. You shower, using the same
shampoo that makes your hair frizzy and hard to manage, but you settle because thats the only
shampoo that your mom can afford right now. You pick out the uniform that makes your body
seem less rounded at your stomach, and that hides your legs because, No one wants to see that.
you tell yourself. Maybe today will be different, maybe he wont say anything. you say in your
head about the same boy whos been bothering you since the school year began. When at school,
you walk past the office, head facing towards the ground, you see the same sparse pattern of old,
black gum on the floor. The sound of running shoes and laughter distracts you for a second
before you hear what you feared you would hear. Hey fatass, followed by laughter. Those same
butterflies come back and the same thing happens just as it did yesterday. Nothings changed, no
matter how hard you believe it will. No matter how much youve prayed and cried, it happened
again, and it continued to happen for many painful, sad years. This was me in elementary school.
I never thought that I would come out of this situation that I had to deal with throughout last 2
years I attended my elementary school. I thought it would be easier to deal with my problems if I
wasnt here, if I wasnt alive.

Author John Swales identifies what a discourse community is and how a person can be
affected by it. He states, A discourse community has a threshold level of members with a
suitable 17 degree of relevant content and discoursal expertise. Discourse communities have
changing memberships; individuals enter as apprentices and leave by death or in other less
involuntary ways. However, survival of the community depends on a reasonable ratio between
novices and experts (Swales, 471). The discourse community in El Monte, from where I come
from, is one where you need to know your strength and deal with authoritarian people such as
teachers and school boards telling you what you can and cant consider something an issue, no
matter how severe the level of harassment. Although most schools have a Zero Tolerance
policy, ...the concept that certain types of disciplinary offenses will not be tolerated and
automatically result in suspension or expulsion, (Morin, What Does Zero Tolerance Mean?
Defining Zero Tolerance in Schools), this does not stop the severity of what some children have
to endure at the hands or words of their oppressor. Through most of elementary school and
middle school, I was bullied. For many years, I couldnt understand why they chose me, and why
I couldnt go to someone who actually understood what I was going through. Especially, why my
school principal did not do much for the situation rather than use what they thought would work
in the situation presented. That being to tell us individually to stop. Many nights I often thought
about suicide and how much more easily it would be for me to be dead rather than deal with the
root of the issue at school and at home. Anyone can be affected from this problem for showing

demonstrated diversity, whether it be from race, gender, physical appearance/attributes, to sexual

orientation. Dismissal of problems such as bullying is something that is far too commonly known
for the victims of the repeated harassment.
When I would mention bullying, the use of superior strength or influence to intimidate
(someone), typically to force him or her to do what one wants, a definition that got switched
around for me when I was in middle school. I still remember how the principal of my school,
New Lexington Elementary, handled the situation of my bully and I back in 5th grade. This was
new for me, the idea of being harassed and made fun of. I seeked help from my principal and
after my bully decided to lie and say that I was in fact harassing him, in the end solved nothing. I
still believe that my situation could have been resolved more efficiently. The severity of my
problem did not change until I finally promoted to high school and discovered that I, in fact did
have a voice and could use it to make my opinions known.
What most people dont realize is the depth of someone's problems unless they are in
their shoes. To be harassed on a daily basis is something that cannot be overlooked or ignored
any longer. Children are dying, and this issue is not going away. Authors John Langstaff, and
Tish Sleeper state that, To help prevent severe and fatal child abuse and neglect and bring
offenders to justice, the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention (OJJDP) supports
the National Center on Child Fatality Review (NCFR) in El Monte, CA. NCFR assists the field
in collecting full and accurate information about child fatalities to support the investigation of

these important cases. As a national clearinghouse, the center collects and disseminates
information and resources to teams across the country that review child fatalities and to other
concerned agencies and individuals. Most teams have expanded to review all forms of intentional
and preventable deaths, including child suicides, accidents, and deaths from natural and
undetermined causes. A national advisory board of professionals from related fields provides
program direction (Langstaff, Sleeper, The National Center on Child Fatality Review). This
article talks about a center in my community that monitors any preventable deaths in children. I
believe that this is important and relevant because centers like these help spread awareness on
the severity of suicide, especially in children. Especially those that are close to having a mental
breakdown and are in danger of doing something that they might regret. When it comes to
children some people are not able to understand the concept of mental awareness even in young
and older children. Suicide is a serious issue and without anyone monitoring what is happening
in a community we would not be able to know what is happening in any community.
In my community, there are many reports of death that make it to the mass media, they
give a description of the incident, add their personal thought and sometimes ask for donations to
a charity that aids in preventing situations like these. What I often see is that there is no
continued discussion. The coverage is brief and often followed by something cute or funny to
make us as viewers forget that there is and still are children that are taking their lives due to
constant bullying. Cases such as Cynthia Heredias case was one in which she fell victim to

bullying. Her report file states, Heredia reportedly left a suicide note stating she was going to
take her life, he said. Heredias mother, who read the note, immediately reported the incident
to the police department. The girl, who suffers from depression, has not been seen since (Day,
San Gabriel Valley Tribune). It has been almost a year since Cynthia has disappeared and it is
unknown why she did not seek help for her suicidal thoughts and how this could had been
prevented.
In our American Society of the 21st century, bullying is a normal part of the lives of
certain individuals. They live in fear of their lives, suicide may seem like the only plausible
option for them. Although we have many charities and programs that help fight against these
rising statistics, I believe that this isnt enough. Without the education of the effects of bullying
on the minds of young children the rising statistics will only become worse. Now is more evident
than ever to fight and prevent any more children from taking their own lives due to solving a
temporary issue with a permanent solution. The world I come from and why I care so much
about this subject. Anyone can easily pick on someone else for showing demonstrated diversity,
whether it be from race, gender, physical appearance/attributes, to sexual orientation. Those who
have been bullied is a place that I am very familiar with. Through most of elementary school and
middle school, I was bullied. Many nights I often thought about suicide and how much more
easily it would be for me to be dead rather than deal with the root of the issue.
Children who do not fall under the category of normal labels, gender, and sexual

orientation are more likely to become targeted. Authors Judith B. Bradford, Ethan H. Mereish
and Conall OCleirigh all agree that sexual minorities (i.e., individuals who identify as lesbian,
gay, or bisexual) and gender minorities (i.e., individuals who identify as transgender) are at
greater risk for suicidality than heterosexuals (Cochran & Mays, 2000, 2009; Haas et al., 2011).
For instance, a recent meta-analysis found that gay and bisexual men are four times as likely to
attempt suicide over their lifetimes as heterosexual men, and lesbian and bisexual women are
twice as likely as their heterosexual counterparts to do so (King et al., 2008). Furthermore,
sexual minorities are twice as likely to report suicidal ideation as heterosexual individuals (King
et al., 2008) (Interrelationships Between LGBT-Based Victimization, Suicide, And Substance
Use Problems in a Diverse Sample of Sexual and Gender Minorities). The concept of gender and
sexuality is something that is new to children at a young age, especially when they are raised in a
predominantly strict (and/or religious background). Author Ethan Mereish agrees with the
previous authors by clarifying, Sexual minorities (e.g., lesbian, gay, and bisexual individuals)
are at higher risk for mental and physical health disparities than heterosexuals, and research has
related some of these disparities to minority stressors such as institutional heterosexism, sexual
prejudice, and discrimination (Resilience through Relational Connection). Both articles
demonstrate that those who are a part of the LGBTQ+ community are more than likely to
become victims of harassment. Since children at a young age do not understand that there can be
other children that which do not conform to gender roles, i.e. cisgender, meaning that the label

that a child that they were given at birth is what they conform with as they discover their
sexuality. The children that are not cisgender, or straight are more than likely to be hurt either
physically/mentally.
As a result from bullying, children take their lives away no matter what age they are.
Authors, Gregory Cooper, Paul Thomas Clements, and Karyn Holt agree that Adolescent
suicide is a preventable tragedy yet is still the third leading cause of death in young people of age
10-24. Contrary to the idea that childhood bullying is a normal part of growing up or a rite of
passage, it is now correlated with adolescent suicidality (Cooper, Clements, Holt, Examining
Childhood Bullying and Adolescent Suicide: Implications for School Nurses). The traditional
form of thinking for most kids these days is to attack other children if they are different or they
demonstrate traits that do not conform to societal norms. In reality, if we continue this state of
ignorance of allowing our children to be continuously following the cycle of being hurt and
turning to what they believe will end their suffering, suicide.
In my experience with bullying, I have dealt with my own personal feelings of suicide
and it took me many years to overcome them. Those who have been bullied is a place that I am
very familiar with. Through most of elementary school and middle school, I was bullied. Many
nights I often thought about suicide and how much more easily it would be for me to be dead
rather than deal with the root of the issue. This anonymous author discusses the topic by stating,
Bullying is not just a rite of passage. In actuality, says the National Crime Prevention Council,

its a leading factor in suicide among kids 11 to 16 years of age. And although bullying is only
one of a number of suicide-related risk factors impacting tweens and teens, the fact that the term
bullycide has entered the lexicon is a telling sign of how closely linked bullying and suicide are
perceived to be, (Bullying and Suicide: Think About It). This article discusses how the norm of
believing that bullying is just, a part of growing up it is something serious that is happening in
young children and something needs to be done about it. When we continue to subject children
into thinking that something as severe as bullying, is considered normal into our society we
fail to give them the freedom to express themselves that they so rightfully deserve. We fail as a
community to allow our children to live their lives and receive their education in an environment
in which they are comfortable in.
Mary Pipher discusses in her book Writing to Change the World, the importance of
having an authentic voice; for many this is the hardest part of living their individual lives.
Although it is something that can be taught, it has to come from within. The concept behind it is
to empower the speaker by voicing their unique opinions without fear of judgment. This
correlates with the topic of suicide since it is avoided from parents worldwide because they
believe the stigma that, Itll never happen to my child, for my child never gets bullied, this
misconception suggests that many children hide that they are harassed or bullied from their
parents. Their authentic voice is silenced due to their fear of embarrassment. That embarrassment
contributes to the vicious cycle that ultimately leads to those children taking their own lives.

In our American Society of the 21st century, most individuals do not understand that
bullying is a serious issue that needs to be continuously addressed for young children. They live
in fear of their lives, suicide may seem like the only plausible option for the students affected.
Although we have many charities and programs that help fight against the statistics of suicidal
children, I believe that this is not enough because we can do better. This is for the kids who deal
with everyday punishment for being unique, for the kids whose parents do not understand or
cant help because they are not with them 24/7. For the kids who end their lives too soon without
ever finding out there was another way. Without the education of the effects of bullying on the
minds of young children the statistics and patterns that we have already seen throughout the
years will only worsen. Human lives are at risk, specifically kids lives and we must take action
now to save and prevent those that are in danger.
Children who do not fall under the category of normal labels such as gender, and sexual
orientation are more likely to become targeted and harassed. Adolescent suicide is a preventable
tragedy yet is still the third leading cause of death in young people of age 10-24. Contrary to the
idea that childhood bullying is a normal part of growing up or a rite of passage, it is now
correlated with adolescent suicidality (Examining Childhood Bullying and Adolescent Suicide:
Implications for School Nurses). The traditional form of thinking for most kids these days is to
attack other children if they are different or they demonstrate traits that do not conform to
societal norms. Although most argue that this is not a severe problem in reality, if we continue

this state of ignorance of allowing our children to be continuously following the cycle of being
hurt and turning to what they believe will end their suffering, suicide.
My discourse community being my schools education system and the lack of
acknowledgment to societal issues within the school. Most children can relate to this issue
because unfortunately, most education systems follow this same format. For many students,
bullying is a serious issue that they themselves cannot handle on their own. Although they
believe suicide is their only solution there is another way out. My program and center for those
who are struggling with suicidal thoughts can be combated against. By educating schools about
this topic we can fix this issue in our society and bring forth open mindedness among children,
teachers, and family in schools and at home.
Human lives are at risk, specifically kids lives and we must take action now to save and
prevent those that are in danger. For many students all over the world, not only in my discourse
community, bullying is a serious issue that they themselves cannot handle on their own without
the aid of others. Although the children believe suicide is their only solution there is always
another way out. By educating schools about this topic we can fix this issue in our society and
bring forth open mindedness among children, teachers, and family in schools and at home.
Without the education of the effects of bullying on the minds of young children the statistics and
patterns that we have already seen throughout the years will only become worse with time. This

issue should matter to anyone who truly cares about the future of their childrens lives, their
safety in school and in our modern world.
My solution would include a nation-wide school assembly that discusses the severe effect
of bullying, (i.e. cyber-bullying, verbal and physical bullying) what we can do about it, and the
results of ignoring or neglecting concerning behavior from students. There would be accessible
centers for suicidal children and therapy for families experiencing problems with handling the
solution. The assembly would include shocking statistics that show how relevant this discussion
is today and why it is important to have an open discussion about the consequences of bullying
and who it affects. Not only would this provide a shock value to the audience but would also
create an eye opening experience. Parents of children who have been the victims of suicide
would talk about their experiences of having to mourn their children at such a young age, and
would call forth action in the students to stop bias thinking and prevent children from attempting
or even considering suicide. For this to work it has to not only require tremendous effort by the
faculty and staff of the school, but would also need the support from the students and family
attending. In order for us to change what we define as, normal we must work at the root of the
problem, together.

Works Cited
"Bullying and Suicide: Think About It." (eVideo, 2014). [Pasadena City College Shatford
Library]. N.p., 14 Feb. 2014. Web. 01 Mar. 2016.
Cooper, Gregory D, B.S.N., R.N., Clements, Paul Thomas, PhD, APRN-BC, C.G.S.,
D.F.-I.A.F.N., and Holt, Karyn E, PhD., C.N.M. "Examining Childhood Bullying and
Adolescent Suicide: Implications for School Nurses." The Journal of School Nursing
28.4 (2012): 275-83. ProQuest. Web. 3 Mar. 2016.
Day, Brian. "El Monte Police Seek Missing Suicidal Teen." San Gabriel Valley Tribune. 18
Sep. 15. Web. 05 Apr. 2016.
Langstaff, John, and Tish Sleeper. "The National Center on Child Fatality Review.". txt. N.p.,
Mar. 2001. Web. 24 Mar. 2016.
Mereish, Ethan H. OCleirigh, Conall Bradford, Judith B. "Interrelationships Between
LGBT-Based Victimization, Suicide, and Substance Use Problems In A Diverse Sample
Of Sexual and Gender Minorities." Psychology, Health & Medicine 19.1 (2014): 1-13.
Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection. Web. 1 Mar. 2016.
Morin, Amanda. "What Does Zero Tolerance Mean? Defining Zero Tolerance in Schools."
About Parenting. N.p., 30 Mar. 2016. Web. 19 Apr. 2016.
Pipher, Mary Bray. Writing to Change the World. New York: Riverhead, 2006. Print.
Roxborough, Heather M., M.A., et al. "Perfectionistic Self-Presentation, Socially

Prescribed Perfectionism, and Suicide in Youth: A Test of the Perfectionism Social

Disconnection Model." Suicide & Life - Threatening Behavior 42.2 (2012): 217.
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Sinyor, Mark Schaffer, Ayal Cheung, Amy H. "An Observational Study of Bullying As A
Contributing Factor in Youth Suicide in Toronto." Canadian Journal of Psychiatry
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2016.
Swales, John. ''The Concept of Discourse Community." Genre Analysis: English in Academic
and Research Settings. Boston: Cambridge UP, 1990. 21-32. Print.

Annotated Bibliography
A Place to Stand. The Womens Review of Books. 14 10/11 (1997): 22. Web. 7 April 2016
Jimmy Santiago Baca's memoir of his life before, during, and immediately after the years he
spent in a maximum-security prison demonstrated why people truly do deserve a second chance.
A Place to Stand is the remarkable tale of how he emerged after his years in the penitentiary with
the ability to read and a passion for writing poetry. A vivid portrait of life inside a maximumsecurity prison and an affirmation of one man's spirit in overcoming the most brutal adversity.
Benson, Phoebe. Personal Interview. 7 April 2016.
Taken from her personal point of view as a freshman entering college, Phoebe discusses her
personal experiences with having to deal with feelings of isolation, financial struggles, and
finding herself through her writing assignments. Through this, change in her life she was able
to free herself from the pessimistic views she had on life and was able to explore and adapt to her
new settings.
"Bullying and Suicide: Think About It." (eVideo, 2014). [Pasadena City College Shatford
Library]. N.p., 14 Feb. 2014. Web. 01 Mar. 2016.
Although most believe that bullying is just a part of growing up and having to deal with in school
and life, the main effect of this is young teens and tweens committing suicide, the ages from
the statistics being 11-16 years.
Cooper, Gregory D, B.S.N., R.N., Clements, Paul Thomas, PhD, APRN-BC, C.G.S.,
D.F.-I.A.F.N., and Holt, Karyn E, PhD., C.N.M. "Examining Childhood Bullying
and Adolescent Suicide: Implications for School Nurses." The Journal of School
Nursing 28.4 (2012): 275-83. ProQuest. Web. 3 Mar. 2016.
Adolescent suicide is a preventable tragedy yet is still the third leading cause of death in young
people of age 10-24. Contrary to the idea that childhood bullying is a normal part of growing up
or a rite of passage, it is now correlated with adolescent suicidality. An integrative review of the
contemporary, extant literature was conducted to examine the following question: Are
adolescents who have been involved in childhood bullying or cyberbullying as victim, offender,
at greater risk for suicidality than those who have not, and why.
Davis, Sampson, George Jenkins, Rameck Hunt, and Lisa Frazier Page. The Pact: Three
Young Men Make a Promise and Fulfill a Dream. New York; Riverhead. 2003. Print.
This is the true story of how three young men join forces to beat the odds and become doctors.
They grew up on the streets of Newark, facing city life's temptations, pitfalls, even jail. But one
day these three young men made a pact. They promised each other they would all become
doctors, and stick it out together through the long, difficult journey to attain that dream.
Day, Brian. "El Monte Police Seek Missing Suicidal Teen." San Gabriel Valley Tribune. 18
Sep. 15. Web. 05 Apr. 2016.
Author Brian Day discusses the tough case of Cynthia Heredia, a young teen who ran away from
home and was labeled as suicidal. She was a victim of constant bullying to the point where she
left a suicide note behind before she decided to leave her home.

Finch, Annie. Who Understands Me but Me Poetry Foundation. Poetry Foundation. N.d.
Web. 7 April 2016.
Baca describes how he explored himself through poetry. Under what he describes as, rocks in
my heart he discovered different parts of who he was and what he could become. The
overlaying theme being that through him being able to attain a second chance at life, he was able
to prove to society that he was able to beat the odds. His poems demonstrate how powerful
words truly are and this poem is one of the many prime examples.
Goldberg, Natalie. Writing down the Bones: Freeing the Writer
Within: Expanded with a New Preface and Interview with the Author. Expanded
ed. Boston: Shambhala, 2005. Print.
Composting all of your energy into writing can and will develop a beautiful flower of text,
eventually. Goldberg says that it is not smart to dwell on peoples criticism, especially your own.
Mentioning that it is also important to keep writing, no matter what you produce, so long as you
are producing something.
Hacker, Diana, and Nancy Sommers, eds. A Writer's Reference. For Pasadena City College
with Exercises. Eighth Edition.
This book is a hand helper in writing formal essays and other works of writing. The book
provides many useful tabs in which the writer has an abundance in references that can help
with any writing issues in which a writer may be stuck with and helps by demonstrating what to
do by showcasing examples, pictures, useful tips, step by step instructions, and color coated
footnotes
hooks, bell. Where We Stand: Class Matters. New York: Routledge, 2000. Print.
Drawing on both her roots in Kentucky and her adventures with Manhattan Co Op boards,
Where We Stand is a successful black woman's reflection--personal, straightforward and honest
on how our dilemmas of class and race are intertwined, and how we can find ways to think
beyond them.
Hua-Yu Chang. Personal Interview. 7 April 2016.
The interviewee discusses how difficult it is for a non-english speaking student is able to adapt to
their new environment in college, while incorporating her personal experience. She sheds light
on how we the privileged (native English speakers) do not worry about things that we are
accustomed to; talking in class, presenting a speech/essay/project, essay grammar, etc. The main
point directed towards these college students that suffer their silent struggle.
Langstaff, John, and Tish Sleeper. "The National Center on Child Fatality Review." txt.
N.p., Mar. 2001. Web. 24 Mar. 2016.
Mereish, Ethan H.OCleirigh, Conall Bradford, Judith B. "Interrelationships Between
LGBT-Based Victimization, Suicide, and Substance Use Problems In A Diverse
Sample of Sexual and Gender Minorities." Psychology, Health & Medicine 19.1
(2014): 1-13. Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection. Web. 1 Mar. 2016.

Morin, Amanda. "What Does Zero Tolerance Mean? Defining Zero Tolerance in Schools."
About Parenting. N.p., 30 Mar. 2016. Web. 19 Apr. 2016.
Amanda Morin talks about what the term, Zero Tolerance means and what this means for
school administrations and how it fits into their system. Her main points of discussion include
the when and why when this term was coined and what it has meant since it has taken effect in
school systems.
Nelson, David A, Melanie M. Springer, Bean. Normative Beliefs Regarding Aggression in
Emerging Adulthood. Social Development. 17.3 (2008): 638-660. Print.
Ojeda, Daisy. Personal Interview. 7 April 2016.
For this interview, I gave my personal take on how difficult it has been for me as a first year
freshman beginning college. I didnt expect everything to be as hard as it was for me to get used
to as John Swales would say, Discourse Community the reason being that it was all new for
me. The main point being that most of what I learned in high school did not prepare me as much
as I wouldve expected.
Pipher, Mary Bray. "The Psychology of Change." Writing to Change The World. New
York: Riverhead, 2006. N. pag. Print.
Pipher examines what is important when it comes to writing something that matters to you, the
writer. When analyzing an article it is important to also input your personal opinion rather than
summarizing what has been read. She emphasizes this importance by highlighting key
components in writing and how you the writer can expand on your writing by incorporating your,
voice.
Pipher, Mary Bray. Writing to Change the World. Class Handout. English 1A. Dr.
Kristen Ogden. Pasadena City College. 2015.
The importance of knowing the worth of your voice and how to utilize it in writing. It strongly
implies to practice and shape the way you write about something, especially if it is about
yourself. She talks about accepting your flaws in your writing when you first begin. With also
accepting your mistakes, you must continue to shape your craft, because with progress, you shall
improve vastly. By advising tips and quotes from a variety of people that inspire the writer to
open up a notebook and begin writing. Her goal is to empower the budding writer to connect
themselves to other people all over the world by using their voice and words and stories.
Redirect Notice. Redirect Notice. N.p., n.d. Web 07. April 2016.
Roxborough, Heather M., M.A., et al. "Perfectionistic Self-Presentation, Socially
Prescribed Perfectionism, and Suicide in Youth: A Test of the Perfectionism Social
Disconnection Model." Suicide & Life - Threatening Behavior 42.2 (2012): 217.
ProQuest. Web. 21 Mar. 2016.
The relationship between the PSP facets, particularly non display of imperfections, and suicide
outcomes were mediated by being bullied. Additionally, the relationship between all
interpersonal components of perfectionism and suicide risk was mediated by social hopelessness.

Theoretical and clinical implications of interpersonal components of perfectionism and social

disconnection in suicide outcomes for youth are discussed. This issue is one that demonstrates
the correlation between each issue presented.
Sinyor, Mark Schaffer, Ayal Cheung, Amy H. "An Observational Study Of Bullying As A
Contributing Factor In Youth Suicide In Toronto." Canadian Journal Of Psychiatry
59.12 (2014): 632-638. Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection. Web. 3 Mar.
2016.
Authors Mark Schaffer Sinyor and Amy H. Cheung argue that bullying has been identified as a
potential contributing factor in youth suicide. This issue has been highlighted in recent widely
publicized media reports, worldwide, in which deceased youth were bullied. We report on an
observational study conducted to determine the frequency of bullying as a contributing factor to
youth suicide. The study highlights the need to view suicide in youth as arising from a complex
interplay of various biological, psychological, and social factors of which bullying is only one. It
challenges simple cause-and-effect models that may suggest that suicide arises from any one
factor, such as bullying.
Swales, John. ''The Concept of Discourse Community." Feb. 2016. PDF File. Boston:
Cambridge UP, 1990.21-32. Print.
Swales argues that there is a difference between two different types of discourse communities, a
speech community and a discourse community; there are six defining characteristics for a group
to be a discourse community. He then gives an example and discusses further issues regarding
the concept of a discourse community. Adding to the context both sides to the definition and
notes he provides along with several footnotes with his own insight on each topic.