10 accompany Sixth Edition ADVANCED MECHANICS OF ARTHUR P. BORESI Emeritus Professor In Civil and Architectural Engineering The University of Wyoming and Laramie And Emeritus Professor In Theoretical and Applied Mechanics University of llinois, Urbana-Champaign RICHARD J. SCHMIDT Professor Civil and Architectural Engineering The University of Wyoming To order books or for custome service call 1-800-CALL-WILEY (225-5945). ‘Copynaht © 2005 by fohn Wiley & Sons, ne Excerpis from this work may be reproduced by instructors for distribution on a not-for-profit bass for testing or instructional purposes only to students enrolled in courses for which the textbook has been adopted. Any other ‘reproduction or translation of this work beyond that permitted by Sections 107 oF 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act without the permission of te copyright ‘owner is unlawful. Requests fr permission or further Information should be addressed ta the Permissions Deparinent, Join Wiley & Sons, Inc., 605 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10158-0012 ISBN 0-471.27179.9 United States of America John Wiley & Sons, Inc. MATERIALSALLOY STEEL | STRUCTURAL S7EEc Fig 1-3 $h4 Fle 1 YELD Poin WieLo STREDETH UPPER YIELD PolnT 280 MPs Lower Vize0 Ror 265 “Po menus oF RESKIENCE 0.1855 MPs WLTmATE Teveie STREVGTH| 470 MP2 STRAIW AT FRACTURE 0.26 PER CENT ELONGATION 26% 1.23) assume: 1. Prawe Sections woRmme To TwE AXIS OF THE ROD REMAIL PLWE ONDER APPLICATION of THE LOAD, 2. SHEAR STRAWS UARY LINEARLY From THE AewsrraminaL AXIS. 3. Heokels Law applies Eoonssrium: 5,20 Ts Sera (2) comParigiiry: s Tne 4+ Temp c) Woone’s Laws TSB ©) sam (2) 170) $ THEW CB) wre (2) Te Taal gt Rom GEOMETRY OF ORFORMATION: Fiene da aug 4 Tom Eos ve ew = Tae r; ref, p'dn sus (#) ¢ (e) wre Ce) Te. 6(4) x Tr Tnax* Gr ow sumrace x = FL pram @ (el) — $* atz 224) assume: |. Plawe sections weRma To THE AXIS OF THE BATS Rema PLALE WDE APPLICATION OF THE LOAD. 2. Hooks’s Law apries, Hookd's Law: go =EE Ee cestmniem: P=C7AR (a) © Comrwnr AL2 [oe te ©) G R= 6 H(d-E)) CD sea (#) wre (a) Tt sue, (2) # Ce) more Ca) ate PEL Akt] te aL = Bt [ape Egy) o$ 725 Rows: Age 1CEIS*) = 7069 mm? | Pre: Ap = Elico® 9F)=/992 mm"| Arrar ASSEMBLY: Ty = Cp = (69) *2EOKN 1 scee = 367. MP, fy -(6800) dpe 26S 2 -174.3 mPa Arten PRESSURE 13 APPLIED: Equnis ation: PEI 2 BT 4G (3) COMPA TIE ITY: Abybl,; GEE = I | | | | J GL 4 254 @ AE Ot LEAKAGE REQUIREMENT? | AGp 2 260k (c) sua (¢) mre (6)! BIg s/232kN (of) so (ce) € (of) w70 (a) P= 60.23 MP2 £23200 OR = “Feeg = 174.3 MPa Setemay 2 542. Rg[126 Ta, Figu a algun tl; gore etntdéJnaP | @ an nae ae Fcc Agere b ree thy fre- eae TGC ea fre hoky hiogran of pratt, PrBth be By Eg (1.2) and Figs. and b, ESAs Nea: 2 Ble Ble Fob 8° 2, Ba © Perera By Epo. (a)aud), Re Fa EsAgla Le (PB) Age) pes, Els * Babs Selaring Zhi Zu Alownvm, peed fa ben fcd Sj} Ey Agla+Eqhals | Heatee by Ep ltl, — the abe vin rh, ital bar 4 Boa Rh Ge PF [Esasta 5 As” he Bale Aals Figere b Semibely, by &94.(@) andl, Pa = Leathals _ (PRY(Etels) Es Aba EyAs la ee a 4 Ee AglactEatals Hene, Ahy ise 0 Athy aburminum barn 48 = (eee = a, Ech Agen + Exfal. ) Cont.)1.26 cont. (B) When the Rept ural 4 Draplaced ty re naght by on amewit § toe pocel a a displaces % thy Might by en amecuit Sa CFig- ¢)- steel Alomines By Eg-(l.2) an Fiz-c, pee A 52 oe © f— L—+—-L, 4 Eaha 5 i fs s-42£h ay re By Eye @ end), Geel 5:6 fle = FS TES = SEahe EAs E,AgLatExAals Hance, hag ER-GI), the atiece sin thy diel bar ab GeH- S Ea heals As EAalat Eafals aud thy abieen vin 2b alarm Gor AL ie ee ieee ts = Fos SEaEs Oa Ae * “Epica lalP27 J (a) Condiley he dia . (fp. 0). Oy spadlbatn fol Magram Go cable Zh =T-W=0 We ip, g decabrcicn ipranily AawD7/# 7 ef ot Tehlpe @® so the marae dare oi the cable 14 ng = ALPE ® For Ate ate cable, by 0), Figure @ Gry, = jy Te = 1B re = L(1920)(2-81 *r L21325.7 m © Srmitacby fou bec’ , Crag * 5 = SP ute = LQ770(481) ~ Leztnem @ Crseguaily, Aly abreminam calle he fon « shaw Oe pryetl Ho Legh Laat ind Pat Aha shengaliny § 4. (eee BH-L3)) me © Ccont’Y[aT eaE] rar cgay We pln Por al | Length dx cuk frm ee tema $ Aength dk, thy henguilion dd ix, dy -(@), OS = Eden e (MEBs e| were Ace th, ereag-arctinal arte of fr t Hh cable on AXPS is hy wright of thy | Vhs at datinee x from thy lower nk. — Datke pratern Ee x=0 Hx=b patie bie ttl toga fhe cable at a-g Mee pee E where We Alay x the wotieght of ty cable « Epectinel) aud (2) shew Haat thy Donpalne af thn cable dank Hh Hi weight 14 apreal 45 Hoy elongilion hue. te a brah epeenl ts half 1 weight apliehat Wa and. Fin o eal cobke with T=Ba, L = 1325.7, and EG @) yo 42 £(13289) (79248) fj 730109) = 2.354m Fr dn abemionum Cableusth T= LT, = 2097-6 mM, ancl Aa 4(av9ze) (ar 78-8) feraxpo') = 0.830 m (©) By Gp: (6), te Lenrion ot Hy Hop. of tes cohte Cig.0) due to the weight AL pg: We tenturn (hte tp of toe cable Bass ta a. bead P gph at Ccont-)1.27 cont.} a PR So, Hey ete a4 PraLpy. Tua = HCP HAL) = Palpg (A) Fin nay rp, For a steel cable: P= Sbb-8 AY Fa an Alemirum tally: 77 = 383.0 AN The ateef coke con Lever a cage [476 Limes = £0, L = 1000 m au D= 0.075 m, EM) 128) by Ep. (iu), with S=Td%2 ond P=d/2, we obtian at T= 30mPa, 30ura = Ae (@ awk by ERS), with W/L = 0.005 rad/m, sons din ly) fasume Aral My mayimumr aheor atic aud they Marprinum tng ovict oc : ; “Thon, by eps. ts La 4 = Gonotttd > .005)¢77«0')md* Ie 32 om dzalss¢ m. for d« vlssem, £40) gals Wy amaltul 1ard araraaid T; Habit. Mie marine angle of -Aarcal otoure“hefrr thig am myecinumr Ahean, dlosel .124 Ja) By Fig. 4, th ana HK of the Cunt acim of beam 24 A=(6.5)(200 +300) = 3250 mm* AY = (6.5)(300( 13) +(6-5)(2ad(303.25) = 686725 nH? or ysis mm @) rk 200 mm —a] (b) Dy Fig. b, the dapper reaclirnd A ek B ane dileiminel) by the Tt equations . i z= 4+6-21-l1(3) =0 300mm G EM,=3B UND ~lNEI-S+0 y The agtattinn of Epa) £4 | osmmm A=WkN, B= 8&n CG) Figure 4. With Fig.&) and E900, hy cheer aul moment eagrend may he haun CFig-c). & QIAN 1oAN/m Po cot)a Moment Diagram Figure ¢1.30 By Fig.a, thy moment of th ovet-arclinal dee wih ape san a 5.2. G: [ult =(.s)[(s8.7-y)( 38-12%) 7 HF qooy(es)(9h95) [}-—20»m — n (= 3-25 (1862.7-y7) + 119535 fh] (a) By the tRear diagram of thy " Seem (Fig. 6), the mayrmum z hear oteure af secliny A and 300mm 4a Va darn. Je 213mm | The arse amoment of inelin. of || [Tinm | Thy cree doctin of. th, T-- Beem | dt La = 32-74¢x10" mm, Bp | Abert the heriges le cnivlel F yea 8, by Epa (Daud @), the eas ui, thy woth ti kN Figure b va _@ a 3.25 (1862.7-47) + N9535T . Tesy © (32.9491) (6-5) [emer] 0) Cont -[730 cont] By Ey), Ta 1y- TOL MPA fn ¥=0 © TeIRATE MPa gr yee (A) Balun thy horiggnted coctocdel aie 2 (F.C), Q=G-DAN3-y)(QUE EH) = 3.2s(2H3* ¥7) @) Fou of 24 Ep €)yiclle Q=1us 105 mm? and stheufae, = VR. (2)(14S 105) 14h. 0b MPa V Th (2.94910 46.5) ad pent prencoraly Leg Cel]. Fir ¥,=21-3, G20 and @=0. Heng, Abie meyemum, hear ditta ib Tag = 14.106 MPR ab: declérn fh on the cotgrdal apeg 2. The muni i haea i Cyn =0 04 Aor Belem of te we mig z % 23 am a 6s mm Figure c KAS1 311 hy thie - abiam Cure 44 dR in Figg. By Fig a, Abe imal Srenyth ai oi, 2 665 MPE Aires wach atclanguler: boy uncdin thy divas. abracn Cuwe Depredinte 00)l0.05)= 5 mym/m? fuagg anh we adnate tab haw ae upperenttle he fronsa umber thy trese - rain crore, we fend 700 600 NS 500 & 8 Stress (MPa) 8 8 8 8 oe 0.00 0.05 0.10 0.15 0.20 0.25 Strain Figure a that the modulas of Ioiaghnue it Up = (1124-5) = 147.5 MN-m/m3, By mromerceal integra linn, 3 Ups tHe MAm/mnHt etening the atraight ine plik of ty alee Hire ieee Chas, We ace Aud th, abype of the AL EF = 480 = 200 ora. ~ 500k Aso, bey Fig.a, a and Op, = 315 MPa. 500 ‘eo pt | ; ge 315N, nese ___ | = 300 i é ' = 3 1 3 & 200 : 1 1 100 i \ t ' 00018 | oO 0.000 0.002 0.004 0.006 0.008 Strain Figure a hy nea umd the stress train Cornet thy yd At apprepimalily (a Fig-4) Area = + (315)(o.001t) +15)( 0-004~0.014)+-4-(39S~315)(0.00¥-0- 0018) wr, Modvlus of Resilience = 1-104 MA- m/m31.33 Whe area of Hee Heat apsecmen tt Aa = (30/4 = 31.16 mm™ Hhe ateree af a Leak P= 75.4 AN 4 oT =F. ayo mre @ he aticern of the specimen. 1 6 = enplen ose = 0.0033 (b) PH hough : By Eps. (a) ane? (b), phoebe sai cE a = 74.73 GPa Le radial atiain ain thy Aor at a. Lookof 764 4N AA E, = L21- 0. 0.0011 (0) a 20 By Ege. (b) andic), thy Prete Ailey < ps- 5 0.33 Since thy Look and olen egal arr propoitinel Ag & P= rt ata -F.2 S ins = Z40MPA I> SrA, = 70 = Tl) /e= 78.54 mm™ Ca) Avice th, neduckirn of arse of thy apecimen oz 58%, Ahe area af frackine +2, wth Fp @), Ag = O49) A = 35.34 mm™ O) Therefrre, The thir fracbiin ales 2, with P=43.24N ot prechin(enTalle P1.3!), O, = H2% = 1220 mPa The engineering praching ates G = BS) = 550 mPa Th, rateo Oe eG =( E52) (0002) = 45%. Ths ardult yaa ty ba eypactill, aorcee thy Grea at practiy 14 45%, ofthe eniguial creo“ With oy = 50 mPa, Gy =~ 30MPa, Og, = 20MPa, Tey = SMPa, Ope =-30 MPA, Ty, =0,and L=m=n=i/y-, Ee. @. 10) gael Py Aen tis 1 Oey 7 045-30) = 14. ¥3y PE Tpy= My +My + Mig = fe( 5-30 +0) = ~My se MPA ot 2 — S774 Mpa Tpae Aiea t My + lz, = ys (304 0420) = ARen, &y Ep -@-n), Goyad Gey Hm’ Gye West 2mn Gar 21n Gy + lm = ¥ [50-304 20 + 2(0) +2(-30) 4.2(5)] = —3-333 MPa Theufne, bye Ep), Fs= Vege? Ope = 0 BO +e nay E57 74) O35) Ops = 20.950 MPA. 2.2 By Figure P2.2, He arctan cut of ff by bene BR Xe shaun ais Fig. b. By y prilibium of fover, —| t Le ZF, = -T(Saine)—% (Seoep)-%S(coay)z) Tt] |e \surface = Grea S Zfy = —TS ana) + %S lame) <0 Te Theufne, Figure a T= - 2% cote Ccompresin) Th[23] @) By Ep. Q.2i), With Aly gunon abines. Componsea 2 T= = 20, L,=-Ge+-30, I,=0 @ By Efe. @ anh G20), TX 207 30TH 0, (0 -30)(T+10) 20. Hence, T= 0, (= 30, T=-I. Ordering thy Alten, ut bape O;= 30MPa, G=0, 05 = —10MPA (6) wth o-=G,, Ege. (2-18) piel (20-30)k + (o)m + wiSn=0 => L=s5N (bd —3om =0 => m=0 © 10134 + @)m —30n =0 @) Where htm += | @) The aotition of Ep4.(b), © ankle) 14 = tV/2, m0, n=+ V2 Note tat Epa G) aateify Ep.Q) i call, . 3) tT (a By Ep.0.19) ond thy 9: Tikes. Compontrila, the wy. EB. pone princepel Sue art th, rocks of , (-100-7) ° -380 0 (z0-1) 0 =O ~80 oO (20-0) (20-0)(a-60)(0-+ 140) =O Howe, ge LOnPa, of =20 MPa, G=—!voMPA (a) Cont.)2.4 Cont. (b) By Ep+(2.22) anda), Tate = (~ GE) HG-Gt GG)» 67200 or Toot = 86-41 MPa () (By Eq a-3% and @), Tmax = &(G-G)= omPa E) By E#4-(b) an, Conan = 1b Cock (d) By Mohr's cineke om thy x-z polane (Fig: 4), fo which 20,= 90° Croints P and P’); tater, on planet fr urhick Ah, didhin otter ae (Efe % S48), alates de proniped sites Te Figure a. Figure b2.5 O) a wmih pectin anti direction of the vector a r—————CSC Jefomie tte © Hence, bg Ep.) ave A-10) and the govern tlreae Comgernanti,, rth tized arectsr on thy plant ermal Zo thy wed B+ 224% Mes ‘ 2M em Tey tee = Lf poralco) +40] = Pe oy = Ag+ MEGy + Tay = to 4260) +10) * igs () ae sl emGs +My = zl 40 tallo) +201 = 32 ve By Egt.dlank &.9), ab, ctite wiiler Ip = =65.32T +61. pone 432.668 (b) Wh hy ponte ited Cormponeiil, anh Eps. @-2), the Ate ius Ge T, = 904604202160, I,= 5500, I; =0 () By bpe.(c) and G20), Lory 5500 +0 =0 T(T*~ (bor + $500) =O @) | of: EF (d) aw or = 110 mPa, G, = SOMPa, G5 =0 (C) Me rm opium Rear artes 2 =LG--6 MPa Tn = EGG) = 55 Contd2.5 Cont. A) Wh, octopedrel hear titer vs quien by Voit = F(G-4) HG- GS He )] = 18402 Coot = 4447 MPa | 2b (A) Given r=ft i ) 2) OF By Epa-@) and G21), thy dtrted cnvarinls fT ag T, = 4rere= le 4) (6 0 Teltdeelt[s sl= 77 ® -|f b4= alt be Igo (b) The 45° notation af Byte (Ky) do therm ain Fig. 4 The dircelion concnee arr y a x Gene ain Tbe a Reon, us? Ag Efe-(€) and Q.15), wel TALL a, se . : ZZ Tex Ce) HGF) + CoN) Figure a \ FAGBINI+21NGIQ — Teg Te a tale RM) = 6 MPa x Vr li/z| 0 SaorneSaly Y |W i/rz} 0 Tyy =4mMm,0G,>¢MPa Lz peje) cont.)[2Beont] py) vie Ag Eft.) and G17), wih Tak a, Oxy = 1 MPA, Oey = FE MPA, Tyz = ~ VE Mpa. (0) By Bps.(Q-21) andl the obrees Compronete palatine 18 ants (X,Y, 2), detrmmnad an peat b, T= %xt Nyt, =beurg =e T= 77 MPa, Ls =lbo Thee vnmvrarionte are the dems oh Ahyae D2litine Fs ayer (X,Y, 2), Epo.b). 24 pt Fer body A, Tg =G, ry *%ge = Cay = One Tyg =O lief for holy A, by 6-423), 4 Leee = 2G os Fr holy A Copa @ Fir Boky B, Uny= Up) CaxGiy= Ge = Tae = Tye =D. Then, Ag Ff -G23), Tote 26 To” ae Ft body B: Set $Y &) 5 ppcdliy bys @ and b), we olan. = fs Io 02.3 @) Ba Tax = Gy= Ty, 50 ak Ty Ge == %> by Ee B20, thy ahese invertor are T= 0, T,=-3%", T,+2t (a) By E94. @) auh@-20), tty prenefied abit ae the rvit. of- Osten ate =o (© -24)0r) = ou 22h, G=G2-% () Since % 05 =~ 7 (dnb roel), any tivo fependiculer ayes Abt are abeo ferpenbicalar to te frcncgpal apie poems: “he principe) hiiee T; avvne a La ett has hincclan Cotvrice (2,2, mn) where [are EF-2.19] -~AGL+ Tmt Bn=o Td -2%m + Tn =O Yoh + Tm -2Gn =O A*+ ments | Whe rove a apobins t ath A=t%) ams ¢ al Dae1 Voce = GG.) (G-GYHG-6Y Whe TF andy are dnewn. Te delermune Ge, Auch thet Trot atleine at ry tivme aalul, We must Pane ae (F Ratt) = 0 ov = ACG 0) + 200; -) =D Hence 0, = x5 +5) (0) with oy, =-FOMPA, Tyy= SOMA, and T= 6 MPO, © go.(2.al) yoo) Z,=-40, T2=-453, T=y (@ Then, By Ey Q.40), + MOT™ asso =o Whe reve (frvrcpiel Cove) ak 07 = 50.257 WPA, T= 0, Gp =~ 70.257 Mee OS © By Ege) andla-34), — £(G-G) = 70.257 MPa (c) By Eg. (4) and @-22), Gh = AIP -6T, = 304M Tee = 58.134 MPa (cont)2.10 cont. 5 [Zio emt], Wath Tey , Try) Txy given. aud T= 0; = 50.257 MPa, EGA le) rth —140-2572+ bm =O 6L~v.181mM=0 — S0.257n =D © 4% rent = | Te artaction af Ep0.(C) “A A= 0.0427, mM = 0/798, n=O Denes, Ahy ange Betiveen ayes x aud X 44 gen by ol G2 cot = 0.0427 O=3Z55° Comtirelechamtie prom thy x Kula, appereninulely aa Ah, y directa . L2u J By &F-0.0), th, abirey rele, Ia, GG are, aie Horne f Cx Gy) Ba, Try Tez, Ge Me = Gl + GyF + Gah Ty = iy? yd + yk . n= Ge = Gah + 7 * Ose GGG + Cig ty ® (Gy = aR TEE2.M1 cont. Adbaing Ego. (b), we obtacn Oh eats at. gt Me ty += ext Gy Be + Weyr 2 Ge tabye an 2 GG ge* cal " Ty-2t, 212 whe rs ‘the gener, Foren ae Treat componcrile (ataTaBle Plea, T=), 249 T3=-5 “calor Yor + 70S =D 0) Mn pel i 4 = IS467, Oz = 10-063, Ty = — 4930 rma] Ce) Fa thy prorcyeel dinelict (h mn) asdociele) wath GT, we na ~o-4nbTA-3m=d —3h-12.467mM en =O @) mM-SF.uetn =O emen® =) The ackilign of. =ps-O) v2 f= 30.7874, m2 O1S37, N= t0.0281 (covt.), ayed wth andy mag ke kita tage ed Wilh Ege 0, Abe anagrmeunn shear ieee 44 Tan = KGHG) = 10-0 mPa akes, by Bio) anh Q. 22), we rare 9 Gelb (G-GP LOG HG-G) = 642.04 7 Tee = BUS MPA 212 ET By Takte pa.12b, Om =10 MPA, 5 =—5 Mea, Gye ~SH. _ : Ge ome of fefene True aabatine hy the xy plant T= thy =5, Tye Gin Gy ~ Gy =-75, I,=0 Mens SLOT TR-Ls 0h ST™ 1500 Ce o(02- $0=75)=0 So, 7 = US, OZ =0, G =-b.SI¥ @) _ Up Ae theny of plane dtaetlep-ld )], the Hin 26 = ao = - ene 26 =146,3/° Henry @= 73.15% 6+90°= 163.15° Lo, he print Ayte ara. Located of = 73:15° md) B= 163.157 menaured Coruibiborbuniz fren Athy X ania (Cont)Hit i. 2 By Eq. @) aul (2-34), Coat, = G-G) = $e (MSGS = Jory MB, Auk by Eg4.(a) avd Q.22), 9 bee GE IEG-G) UG-G) = 00-01 oe alge = 7454 MPA 4 Tmax = 7.014 MPO 2leel Fe, tie. Tyx=- 10, Oyy = - 5 Ga 10, Try =%, Ge=3, nd Tye =, the atitas cinvreriands 02 De-§ =-/44, T=713 a 774507 12-113 =O The reo (peraicyeaf lessee) ane G; $Ul-537, O=-S.US, Oy = -10.832 [MPa] (0) de Fo The prsincsiad linen Tithe prenerpad aru Tin Coaner 2, m,n ane the cotton op tty fellowig ~4.537h + 2M +3N =D g& —1b.ssimtun = 0 3h + 4m —bs37n =D fe + autem 2) Hence, , f=to.1sb, m=t0.250, 0 =0.756 hen, by. Bs (A) and->4) Ung EG) = MITE MPa (eont.)1 Tice =O-G) (6-6) (G-G)= 824 ” Vort = 9.57 MPA 212d] Witk Gj, =10, Gy=Ga=-5) Ory = Tez =4 md Tyan =0, Abie whiter viararcente are t,=0, Ty=-93 4, =490 retfas, 7 Dre Tal - Ty 7 836-290 =O ls rare (periepal latauie) are O, = 10.S1st, = ~ 51000, Ga 55156 Wee) Fr ferimeipeal altos. Tp, wr hane -0.sisth +an+2n=o Af ~is.5ist =0 ak -I6-51stn=D fet mr tne =) Mente, 0 50.9838, m=I1L68, = O.1UF By Efe @) ank@-39), Caug= EG-G) = B-0Ke MPa Qh by Efe @) andk (2-22), TG OY GG) GG) 2 448.0 or Cree = 7.439 MPa.20e | web o, = 10 dud all then ieee. comipareali. ero, hy sien. amma ae L=10, [,=L;=0 hence, 7 rll +Lo-T,20 wr =o ot 7 *C0-10) =0 Ao, He fosirepead Tater 00 I, =10, G=Gz0 @) Dawofre, ths forercxral duieclins tun Thy X epee Ort fooreen daiabe & ames . Bat Ege.) ard @-34), Tay, = £LG-G) = F MPA auh Sy Epeb) and @.22), 9 bade = G-G/+G-G)HG-G) =2077s 200 on Lock = 4°74 MPA2.13 o7-1,07+T,0-I,70 5 I= Oy + Oyy+ Gz =O tle |e ale z+ oe “he 112,815 Shy Gy ll Os Gel [Oye Tez] 1-75] 7 55 ol lis 0 Oy Gy Ge] | 0 a6 55 Ty2]%y Gy Gal = |-75 0 65] = 536,250 Gre Ge 2) |-55 65 0 oF. 12,875 - 536,250 =O 0; = 130.34 MPa > 05-2260 MPa ; Jy ==53.63 MPa ~ aK - Tming ). 3 ¥= 76. Tmax © EPs BOIELIT - 103.53 Mle Bubs, 00,2 190.39 Pa into Eps, (219) 130.390, - 15m, -~F50,°0 — 154, ~ 139039", 465M= 2% O 2 OS1895 my =-O.8055 5 -s52 + 6S m, ~ 1903922 Aiem Aub tedly T= 03 =~ 76.71 ta 16.11- 15m, ~ 55370 = 152, + htm, + 6M, 20 = 55 fg + 653 + 76.7130 Mee my +ny =/ a TEr—s— 53,6322 - 15m, - SHH. = 15 Ly + 59,63mz+ 66M, = { p ~ SSL, + 65M, + 1.6IMEO |“? BS fe emer into &9s, (218) 0, = 05893 5 M42 0.1736 ; 3 Ey, (219) £0, 5637 jg. 1469 5M, The direction Cosines are listed in Table 2.0. Substitution sto €43,(BIS) and (217) gives : Gix = Tax 605 °9 + Gyy Sin %9 + 2 Gay 58 cose py » Tnx 81 % +Gyy (05 %0 ~ Uy 500 O50 Gz = Oe . xz = Oy2 =o These eguations are tdentice/ with Eps, (2-30).25 \I, = One + Oy +Tax 10 -86455 = 797 Tie Ory | Ty Oy, ze uo 60{ [UO O| |-&% L -| ’ | ine Ore | | Dy 2 - {.{'* e 2° log Oy] * Los. Coal Ite Goal “| go -#6110 ssl] 9 a5] 5/87 Ox Ory Sxe| [10 60 0 Iz =| Sy Gy Ge] =| 60 -86 0 |>~- 718,300 Tye Oye Ube o Oo SSI 64.7907- 11, 907 + 718, 30020 f= 126.9 MPa; Oy = 2102.9 Mh 5 Og= S500 Substitate 2G, =126.9MPa into fy, (219) (H0-126,9)0, 4 60n, + (0), #0 608 +6 86~126.9)m,X0) 20 . . . (0), + Co) m,+(55-126.9)42° 42.255 m=Q2TIE 5 72 i] Substitete 02 Oye /029 MP into Eys, (2.13) es 1024)h, + 60M; +(0) m=O fy + (ebee LoegdmngiMg=? My 0.210 j m2 3 oo) on + (elm, +(55+102.9)h, 20 RE mE ns =I Sabstrrute 0=G> S50 on ute Eps, (2.18) | (0-55) Ly i “2 (0) Ma: | (0b «Cab yO) Re b, | ha + Colm, 1(55- 55 Na ya UES 5 429. n=O j n, 14,0000 en e/ e vstmex) =“ caead +f (aay £60" = 124 1IV.9 = 126,9 MPa 2m! + By (ee 2 =| ee 9 =-102. TA 3 = Gig = SSO MPa Tnay = Tees 2 Hees Ce). 114.9 (4 Fa tan 262 LOE = 20. 2 0.6122 5 0222797 * Dix- Sy ~ 10+ eG Ge Gre = 2.%25; m, = 605 (F-9)= 51h 8 = 0.2718 5 os F =0.12.17! Fy, (2. 1) grees, with Ye Galt) Bh, msdadthij=, wo, Gux = (8) (90) +6 sfeoe) + EIA 60) = 30.56 MPa & 9s, (10) give Ore = & (90) +( (blag = 51.9140 : =F (ve) (EJ) FGYM Pe ) gives 12 z ye We + Go Oey = M5794 + 99.41 = 30.356" = 63,30 MPa 218 tena Ss g, = £203108 « /(200=100)*, 50)" 2150+70.7 = 2207 Me Gy = 150-70.7= 123 MPa = ae, =10000 © 200-14 6,7 20.3987 rad Y-axrs located 0.3927 rad clockwise fram x-axis e198] -90+50, [R025 2 je ESO, 40250)", go? = -20+90.2 = 12 MR O,2-20- 92.2 = 112.2 MPa g= Grae Sears en - Te.t4 128g 92,2 Mh tan 26, fe: 2U69_- 9 ¢57) % -~% — 90-50 6,7 20.3543 rad X-anls located 0.3543 rad clockwise from x-ax's220 G = 2 + [2% 30° = 40+50 =90 Mra Gp = 40-50 = =J0 MPa Oy + 60 MPa ay ~ Omit = Ce Tmax = or 90- C4) - MPa Cele ae = 42 = One 6,= 2.3216 rad Keavis located 0.3216 red Counter clockwite from x-axIs 221 = 150 +70 150 -70)*, 2 C= Here OTE)" (-45) = N10 +60.2 2170.2 MPa a= 0-60.22 94.8 MPa G, = 80 Pa Snax Orn ~t Times = Grex -Frin e 02-80) - 125.1 MPa. tan 26, = 20 = OL» an ON Gy 150-10 hes feavis located avezi rad Cr 2.22 : . + Tp, =200 6080.50) + 100 sin “as.ee) + 2 (-50) C05 (-05000) sin(-0.5000) | 219.1 MPa 2 | Gy =~(200 -100) coso.s000)5 in -asoee)-50]c05 ~-asov0)~ sin 0.5000] | = WAM Pa 2.23 ; Oyy=-%0 605 (0.1S00)+ 50 510 %0.1500) + B60) 05 (0.1500 si (0.1500) | = 69) M1 fa | Tey =~ (90-50) ¢05 (0.1800) 510 @.#00) +b0[C05 “oisoa)-sin aso]2.24 x= 80 cos “Lroooy) + 2(30) 605 (10000) sin(-L0000) 34 MPa Gy 2-80 €05 (40000) sin-1.0000) + 30 [03 C410000)- sin “(-t0000) ] = 23.9 MPa 2.25 2 ee Oxy = 150 ¢05 (0.7000) + 70 sin (0.7000) + 2-49) cas (0.2008) s1h (0.7000) 2.5 1M Pa Gey =~ (50-10) 05 (0.7000) sin(o,r000) - 45 [cos “o1000) - sin *(0,7000)] 47) Mh [2-24] Tax Up Oc = Bap Per = S005? - 150 Mra 2 _ (200-100), 2 + Gig = [EB + 50) = 70.7 MPa From Problem2ig, 29,70. 7859 20 = 26 -26,> &(0,5000)-0.7854 = 0.2146 Oyy = OC +R COS Bk = 150+ 70.7 605 (0.2 1¥6)} = 214.1 MPa Ty sR sin ex = 70.7 10 (0.21%) = 15.1 AR Re | (Casey Sy 2-20Mfa a= (Say = [EZ 0" = 922 Mla From Problemeuyy 20° 0.7086 2k > 20,+26 = 0.7086 + E(QIs00) = 10086 yy = OC-R Cos 2x = -20- 92.2 05(1,0086) fs 2769.1 MPa Sx | Tyy =R sh Bel = 92.8 510 (0084) = 78.0 Pa — Sy Se= 50 MPa From Problem2.20,24 706432 Pola -26,-202 35,1416 -0,6432- 2.0000 = 0.9984 Oxx 20C- R605 Gx= 40-50 605 (0.9984) 9 MPa Oxy = R sin 2X = 50 510 (0.4934) = 60.2 "Pa From froblem 221,28 °O 8442 2u=M-26,-26 =3. 1416-0.8442-L4000| = 0.8974 G Ty = OC- ROS aw = /10 60,2 (0508979 = 72.5 MPa Oey = -R sin 2u= 60.2 sin 0.8974) 2 YF Ma ny [2.30] Due +0 free surtece, ve Tay =0. Since 6 15 positive and Gyy=0, pas 30) give Tey = Tax 605 %9 = 100 60s 6 Opy= - (Dix) 510 8 (05 8 = 100 51h 860882.3] Since @ & positive, §ys( 290) give Gig = Tex. 6058 + By sin *e Ny = lin Gy) 1h ecse e 1 120= Ox a + Gy Be =-(Fex - wee 90 =-(Gex- Gy) FF Fzx + Ib zy = 3000 16x x ~ 16 O99 =-2339.33 25Uax = 666,67 Gax = 26,71 Oyy + Le. 72.571 Pe | .32] Since 6= 60°, Eas, (2.30) give Opy + Oey (05 + Gy sin aaa cae Gey =-(Gex~ yy) tid cos Gy fey (C05 20-5070) ‘ 120 = YO(0.2 5) + 0.75 Oyy? 0.866 oy 50 =-(40-Siyy)0.933 ~ 0,500 Ory Gig= 120 MPa 0,866 0 yy + Oxy = 127202 0.866044 ~ Teg =~ 65.36 4omPa ||? . = 50 Hla 1132094 bh 66 a 3 Gjy = ib Pe aie * Og = $6.2 Aha 5 233 Since Sin 2 af and £5 8 z 4s. (290) give Ian = Tex 605 “9 + Gy $10 0 + ey tin9 <0 Pay = 10-01% Ory =-Gix~ Give £058 + Oy (cos % - Sir“) = 902 Ory HE + 1055 +2 Gayl #) 40 2 -(Six ~ HON 8 ) + Try HEE 121,00 ~ 65.04 1,200 yy - Oy 0,509 Ox +R 1,704 Ox =~ 180.0% Gay = =10%.2 MPa Gay = 10.0 MPa2.34 Sn Si (Ga) =? = Gp: 2 of (B53) + G Week (BiB). 50° «20.993 243M Ge i = 94,3 = = 14,9 MPa Ge Cray = Persad = MADLUUS = 043, alc 2 ~ 2 2 2 i B ip Toe = $ Min Gig) + Sie + yy *6 FH = 5100-60) +100) + 60 + ca 2276 MPa 235 . Six #04 [Gxs8 6,2 Gi = EO, (xs), Og= BSH629 = BLT MPa L ~ 2 $9089, (EOZA0)"s 50° = 135-+67.9 = 202,3/Pa Give Trin _ es 3. = (012 Ma z 7 ° Tact = $V ie ~ Oyy) 9 Ger + Gry iy + 8g = fino 10) + ea euacae = 84) MPa 236) G, 0; = ee, [exSeag 0; M0 - 72.1 = 182.1 MPa 180-70, [[-150+10)* p49) 0-12, [b210)"¢49*--10 +7. Tyg = 40 MPa 10M Pa 7 Gose Sin - Ore ee = MLL MPa, BGG OP cae roa} food (ro bound eo” = 92.0 MPa 23] o, 1G, cl AC ee Ge att, (GaB)s Gp 2 LE, (BOI) os? 2 22.5 970 G, 2225 -73.0 2-505 Mla = Op, = - 50.0 Mh le Sree: Ga 5G espns. 760 Me Tout = $M Wy) Gy Ge) ein Bu 653 =4 Jlsorsy) 05450) +C50-80)*6 (19 = 68.7 Meman Tux) ge i. [B+ oy =. $5) o(e55)* 2415+ 72.7 = 120.2 MPa -72.7 =~ 25.2 MPa 3 O37 022260 MPa Tmax = Giap . 1E0.84282. 12.7 Wha z Toot = lOve + GE + (Cia ~God)"+ 65 hs, 60% (60-48) + E55) eee eee BZ 39]T, =x + yy + Uae = ~120+ 140 +06 = 86 Tix Tey! Gx Orel [Spy Gal [20 ys] [-l2o 25] 140 ~ 5) let cn lg ee “Log veal es able Gle-22985 ey yyl 1x2 Tea] Wye Ose] Tey Sey Sex| |-l2o 45 as 1+ |e Spy Gyxl=jys 140 +): 96%, 200 Ora yz Tee] Las -65 66 7-860 * 22,3557 + 969, 20070 y= 180.2 MPa 5 Op = 10.06 MPa 5 Oy o-134.5 Me Substitue o= 07 = 180.2MPa inte Efs (218) 120-120.2)2, ore + 25h, 45, + (140-190,2)m- 65M 258, ~ 65m, +(66-180.2M4=0 De amesnrel Substitue T= 0p > 12.06/Pa into Fs. (218) (n0-Ya0e)h, + 1Fm_ + 26Mg20 95 Ly + (iv0-¥0.0)mz— 652 =O 2025845 ™e a4s2e 250, ~ 652 2 (te ade)na=, os + m3 + ne =| Substitue 02072-1943 Pa into Eys (2.18) (lors + 48m, +2570 150, {tis ta)my ~ 6509°O' 2h, a hoot BV DI= 9) a 3 y= 49598 5 y= 2.0062 My OITOY is anf =/2:40) T= Tex + Oyy + Teg = 100 MP Tix Ty, Tae Tx eS “ reds Se ees Sides El Leto iol Leo STLss =- 7325 x oy Tue a ~b0 50 ry yy Ge | =f-Go 100 38) =- 960,000 Ona Oye Oza 50 FS O or 21000 73257 + ¥60,000 = 0 O= 129.1 Mee Oy = Youd tile Gy = 26.0 Mh [24s ne = Oxx + Oyy + Gey = (20-55-85 = Tre | Trex wile yy sy. z ( a im ZI IT; + Guy Ty!” Wee Cee] Wye Cea” ee Mr 2-81, B64 Ix Oyy One 120 ~S5 -75 i Sy Gy g |-|-3 55-55 32 | = 1,269,070 oa Tye Oe 15 33-85, os 2007 21,864T ~ 26570 = 0 Gy = ee. Pe Oy 2-8 EMP = allel MPa Tray -~Tmsir _ 162. HI ley = a = MeSH «136.3 MM Pa22 T+ Sie +0hy *Cie= 90-60 +40 = 110 r{@ Srl, Six a, Gy ea -90 70 90-8 |e IOuy Tyy |” \Oee Gee Gye G2] 1 70 -60l'|-ss YO] |-¥0 40. 210,125 I (x eo ee [90 70-85 57 %y py ve| =] 70 60 -90 = 653,500 al Oh ae fre Mo 4 > 41100 10, 125 T~ 654, 500= 0 Giz 88.34" Pa Te =-4.49-80 Mf oy? = HHBA SL nae ~Trn Cay = a = BEE 8 YP 2B T, = Six + Gyy #0¢q= -150 +80 = -70 Tex Ti Tex 1-150 -¥0] [-ISO 50 oo sel See Belated [ol se el] 2 le Sy tee ale oe a wo ol'] so soll o gol =~/6, 100 en Cy Gin | [risa -40 50 T,=}%y BG [v0 o 0 }= 128,900 oy Oya Gee} | 50 0 0 7+ 700 16, 1000- 128,000 G2 He MP Tmay = Tray Tm 9,2 + ag 2 EES = 130, 3 He2.4 4) gp =-19, G,= 50, Tay 21S, Gre = Ge* By Fig.2.12, OC = Se 10 (Fig. a) By & '. yy Ey (2.34), R= = e559) Ee Pra = 2S. By hye, @ Op tas =3S, = 10-25 2-15. By ER. 36), ton2e,= 29% 2-075 Tx Gy 28, = 2.49804, - 0.64250 143,13%, - 36.87° " = 7156", -18.43° / (G:-15) (8) Cans 2:45) In MPa, yy = 240, Oy, =100, T= - 80, Cre =Gja = tye =O @ By 02, I, = 340, r- = 17600, T,=0. B &$.@20), 73 340o 4176007 = O We T20, C3406 + 1760020 > G, 9 = 170 ¥ 106.30 G2 a3% Gi = 63.70, 73-0 Bs cs, ee= =O 20-400 Sara - = | 704 (0b, 30 276.30 a = (70 = 106.30 = $3.70 & =0 O) By FigrdsI2 anQ FB A-34), OC = THU = 170, R= 106.30 vs 07 = OCR = 37.30, G27 OC-R= 63.70, Fig. a Cort.)2.45 cobmel) By Ep (2:36), Ton a6, = 20 = _pyag Teby 152637 2B,= 229%, ~0-8520 rad 2 131.199 — 46 me $, > 65.57%, — 24.38" (Fig. b) ; . 4 1 lavey 7 ™ oi 2163 a >> 80 V0 () () By Fig-4, Gy),gg= R 2106-30 By ep C2), Tze = (FAITE) * = Q%3~43.7)+ QUIS HE 3-1) = 125596.2 + Toee = 1813 [2.46 | with x=r, G20 22%, where dal, AFF, Ve. Than, Ary pret of. fs Bu) prthe fel) + BlGe) + Bl) — Gade + Br =D “ 1 Mee + Gor Ht +$5(Gr) rr 2Be apy pr Ge =o ie Orr - Gb =0 Bie 1 Mir + ote + GerG + Br wheh 24 Athy fot of Efe. G80). Hood eg wabiona, 1m EF G-50)-247) Wath x=4 =O, B=, wh gef lal, Bar, U= rains. Then, Aby fret of E+ Gus) yeolhe Plea dor] + bg (rea tor] + Bgl Gr) ~ POO G0 $F = 1 Gy 2.(ram 8) + Plan Br = 6 alecnn) ope +P end) 2c + Veto) Oy + rene) 2G +r a =F asin Nip — 164028) Oy + Pern B= 2 Henee, 3a +E +4, 8G + (20 GoM +05, G40) +B, = Which in the pout of Eps B53) Aoudevaatdtitidina yith Ary ascend ank thud of Efe -Q53), p2#8 wath, XS Yae, BaB del, Beh, Vel and Tye Tra =Opz = 702 =0, Hr fret of Eps. t.ut)speolly 2G + De — %p 3h tr OG, 30 a Gir + 1 Ke +26 or rG =O ou Be + 4 Me Grae + Bp =D wuch 4a the final ofp Epos). Aiviluly, the ascend of epate ) pith Th deed ewes) Te thd of Ep. G1 gully By = 0.iy Se Ko By Ang fied of Eps. Qe), tee der ds, a dit = past By the pout A Ep 0-60) BE G4 4dr Meme en Cb) By Eps-@ andl), wt Lene thst = (i+ 3)h +demegen oO By Ef-(2-67), ast = 1té @ Mener, by Epa. 6) and), we ofan (reel =C14 Bet Smt then @ Epuitiny(e) 13 1h, fot of eps.Q.06). dna @[2.53] Before deformation, volume = Lbh=(sooa\ioa|ead), After deformation, let width dimension be increased by & The depth dimensien becomes (he 25). The final volume = (5 020|(versfeanah Setting the rwo volumes equal gives 5020 (100 + §)(200+ 25)= 5000 (100200) fF 4 2.00 § + I9, 8406 =O 2-0.1974 mm The displacements take Yy 220,00199¢ % ap 2 20.001999 F = 0.007000 the form w @) For small dis placements 20,001994 5 Eyy = 0012245 Exa® ou bux = By CE &) For large displacements 2 A dur, (duh é +(4) = 0.004008 S4NTh. direction cosines of X-axis are ‘ = Cos 8; m, = cos(F-OJ= 5mm OF n= Os B= Equation (261) gives x = 2 = E> Gr OO + Egy me + 2 Ey Lm, = bxy 05°86 +Eyy sin’ +2 bny C058 508 xx * & xx = \ 2& £ « S25 cos 20 + Exy 510 20 The direction cosines of Y-axis are fz = 605 (Z re)=-51n 0; mg = C05 0; mg 603 F=0 Equatiin (@71 ) gives Bay = Egy BP, + Gy MMe + Exy (OQ 2M) Sry FZ 2 ~ Exe 51) 005 6 + hyy S08 (058 + bey (005° - str) (25) 51s 20 + Exy (os 20 Theretore For principal direction Ey 705 tan 202 oo 725: For X-axis, 250.8; m= 06; =O 5 Mas 0.8, M20 For Yoaris, 02-06 (@) w= 0.0985 % v= 20,0010 4 ou 7 6) Cy 2 FE = 2.0085 5 Gey = OP bog tO yy 12 Ey 20,0025(08)% (-2.000)(0.6)° 20,00124 lyy= Sax yy 7 exx = 0.00285 —0,0010 -0,0012% 00026 Byy= 2 exy 2 CLG Om * 2mm Ey = 2 [lo.ceesi(o.a)Co4) +Co.0010)(0.6)(2.9) | ee ets a For X-axis, £70866; m= 0.520 7 20 For Y~avs, 427-050; mg=0-9665 M270 u 20.0020 x= 0.00304 i Tr oy be = Fee 2820 F Ey * By = 00088 Buy 2 bry 5b He 7 7 y 2 (b) yx = 2 ban + ™ yy 2 6 : 20,0080 (0.866) "+ 0.0025 (0.54) + (-0.0080) (0.206 (0. 50) 2 2.00174 020 hogy = bax * bay Et = 4.0080 40.00 854 0.0017 eee manameee hy = C&y +248 bec HE Ey 1h Me om JEoy p 2 2(-0.0020f0,s66)C0.500) + a loaoe sNasceto susix2(-auwe fase (oa 002902.57 tan 20+ -26"e = 2640010) so wyyy a= by ~0.0020-0:0085 oa) rad 2 bx = xy C0870 + yy 5108 + BE 2 é _0,0020(0.9782)° + 0.0025 (0.20 76) +2(-0.0010)(0.20%X0.97 #2) 100221 sin (038 6, =-0,0020 +0,0025 #0.00185 at bax yy ~ 20.0027) 258 | @) U = 0.000667 *4 | V = 0.001053 *Y | Ar point B Ex = SH = 0.00eeer(3}= 0.00208 * [xehg a 0,001333(15) = 0.002020 = bry “(Gh * #) = 0,000667(i5)+0,001933(3) 2.00500 lb) For Hanis 2 €3 mee 120 be 8? e = bag BO by mt 2 bay BO = 0.00 200 (4) +0.00200 (E) +0. oost0(2) fxx = 0.00400 0=20.3262 rad _ 2 . 6, = bey = Fen 605 °@ t byy 51078 1 ZExy Sind C05 2 = 0.00180 (0.9413) 0. 00102 60.3204) 0. 002200. 97I-0,3209) 2Q.002I7 a= bax Ey ~ xn = 0.00 180 +€0,00106) - 0.00 2172.60 J = & + €yy + Cee = 0.00180 +(-0.00108)+0 = 0.00072 = 2 4 Dea yy + 6 Ca t Sax Can Gy Ga = 0,001¢0-0,00 108) -(-0,00 1/0) *= -0,00000315¥ Gx Oy Exe 9.00180 -0.00110 0 Tfexy by Gyn] =| 2000 -0,00108 0} =O bee bye Ge ° ° 0 €7-0,0007@ €*- 0.000003154 € =O E,= 0.002) €5 0; €,=-° OO1“S 26IT T= &y + byy + bag = 0.002667 + 0.002000 +(-0,002 00) = 0.002667 Ls erly + by bret Gabee “Sy ~ bye ~ = 0.002 667(0,002009) + 0.002000 (-0,002000)+ (-0.002000)(0.002667) = (0.002661) - (0.001500) * (-0,0000 33)* = -0,0000133640 xx Ey bea | ]0002667 0.002667 -0.000033 F=\buy Gy Ge |=]0-002667 0.002000 -0.001500|=-c.00000000218// kxz Eye Gx] 10000033 -0.00/F00 ~0,00200 €7-0,002667 €*-0,00001336 40 € + 0,000000002181| =0 €,= 0.005170; & 0.000158 3 = ~0-002662 2.62] Epuavion (0 ) gives Bey =(I Git beg) (03 - Bitods 2 ids AO 52 where fee Ce ea re l, A and cos 0” Bey. a ct. oct < 4 Sex ac me age * Sant23] Ta unite of Me 10% Cay = 200, Ey = YY Exy = -F00 Ext & @) €,= SotOy 1 erapaey = 22000808 Lan aah e400 = -—30t 1500 G5 700, G=-2300 ; R=1500 OC = — 800 in ADB, = as = 2240) 29. 75 aS ~ = aH0- 40d 2 Ab = —— 4981 rad = 36 37° = 14313 oe =7.57° () Gy) = Re 1500 @ Mex. Shear train Eat orientation FERENCE (by ehemenr Since Exx ts negative, line Deformed Clements in the X-direction Element Contract, and since Eyy i's ference Pesitive, (ine elements 14 ti men, the y-direchiow elongate. © Also, sree 26 y= Koy ~o* 1s negative, the anghe 8” 18 greater than 1/2, where oe the’ fined pe between the lime element initvall along the x-axis and Ha ling element initrally alony Phe y-Hxis (Fip.<)s Lsee Boresi and Chong, aay 59 Q-8-b), page 89][2-64] Thaapoere plti., om Long ona tide, 24 hour ce Hs ‘daporvedl plant an otek CF ig. a), OFA BEC*OS Figure a 25mm @ Aner under the beprrmaon Thai ght Danes ain Tg Comprninti. u,v ob thy four cotnere of AY BY C% we take U BA,tA,XtA2Y FAgXY, US byt bxt byythyxy @) anal, 49,4), 42, Ay ond aw uray sx rynoor oer Mee dis Lacemaske of pals ©, 8,6, and) C. Thue, by 9-0) and Fig.) Ul0,0)=0 = do U(0)1)=0=4q = = a, &) 1,0) = 0025=Q Ul!) 5-0-0125 0.03544, U(1,0) = 0. 1 io dy =~ 000398 Gt)