CHAPTERlO

n.e parameter of interest is the difference in meatl.i 111 -112_. t\ot.-: that Ao = o .

10-1. a) 1)

~) ~:Jil-JI~=OOt#l=l/2

.)) H1 : Jt1 -p2 tOoq:1 *II:~

4) Th.e test statistic is

.;) Rl.iect Ho ib.o < -Za,''J = -1.91)ono >'1-o.f'J = 1. fora = o .o.;.

6) X t=4.?
0")=10

n1 =lO

X2 =7.8

G'J=.S
n:~ =l.;

z0 =

(4.7 - 7 .8 )

- 0.9

( 10) 2 ( 5) 2
l"-1-<0- +-15

7) Conclusion: &r.au.se -1.96 < ~ .9 < 1.91). do not reje::t th;e null ~.ypoth.esis. There is not sufficient evickooe toocmclll& t~.s t 1M two
means differ at a= o .o.;.
P-valu.e = 2(1 - (0:9)) = 'J{l- 0.8159 .;o) = 0..368

b)

(10) 2 (5) 2
(4.7 - 7 .8 )- 1.96 ,F- -'- +- - < JL 1 10
15

(10)2 (5) 2
IL? < (4.7 - 7 .8) + 1.96,1"----'- +- 10
15

Wi th: 9.;~oonfidencs:. tf!.e trcediffereooc in tJt.c means is between -9.79andj..;9.1k>con:s.e:t.ero is contained: in this interval. "'-eoooclu-dt: ~.here is no
significant difference hm~een the means. We fa il to reject the nnllll)potf:.esis.

c)

.8 =

6. -- 6. 0

z a/2

(12

-zt:J2 -

(12.

6. - 6.0
(12.

!12

- ' +....1.

- ' +....1.

" "z

"

1.9 6 -r=....;.==
(10) 2 (5)2
. 1~~ +-10
15

1)2

-- 1.96 - r=....;.==
( 10/ ( 5) 2
+- 10
15

<I{ 1.08 )- <I{ - 2.8 3) = 0.8599 -- 0.0023 = 0.86

Po"'e:r = 1-0.86 = 0 .14

d) Assume the samplcsi7.esareto b.-:tqual, use a= o.o.;.j~ = o.o.;.,aod6 =.)

~ ( Z0 12 +z,u
) 2 ( 21 +a2)
2

, _
-

62

_ ( 1.96

--

+ 1.6 45 )2 ( 102 +52)

(~2

85

lOj . a) 1) TJ!.e psrameter of interest i s t he difference in meansp1 - 112 Note that .!l.Q = o.

::!) Ho:pl-#::!=OOt#l=f.l::!

3) Hl:JIJ -#::! > Oor pl>ll:J.

4) The teststatistic is

z =
0

(x - x?) -~ 0
1 ...
z 2

a,

az

, ,

"2

- +5) Reject Ho if

zo > 1.a = 2j!S for a= 0 .01.

6) X 1=~S X2 =~lj

0)=10
BJ=lO

02_= 5
ll2_ =15

z 0 = (24.5- 21.3)
(10)2 (5)2
,/"-'.:..!.- +10
15

0.937

7) Conclusion: lk\':acse 0.937 < 2..J"2.5. we fa il to ti'ject the null hypothesis. Tf!.ete is not sufficient f:\idence tooonclude that th.el\\"0
means differ at a= 0 .01.
P\'aJue = 1 - 41(0.94) = 1 - 0.8 :!.64 = 0 .17 j6

b)

" - " >(x I - x2)-zo

,..,

~""2

(10/ (5)2
fL > (24.5 - 21.J)- 2.325,/"-'=-+- 2
10
15

fL 1

,.. - /Lz ;::: - 4.7 4

With99%oonfidence. tf!.e trued.ifferenoe in t.Jt.e means is greater than- 4 .74. Because 0 isoontaiood in this intet\oaJ. we fa il to reject ttt.c null hypothesis.

c)

{J =

"

<1{!.74)

2.325-

a 21 a 22_

"
=

( 10) 2 ( 5/
+10
15

+-

112

0.959

Po\'l(!f = l - 0:9() = ().()4

d) Assumethes.amplesizesareto bet:<rual...sea = 0 .05. ~ = o .os.and~ = 3

" "' (., +z,tH

62

-taiL

(!.6 45+1.6 45t( lo +5

(2)2

339

10-.;. a ) 1) Tlte pa101meter of interest is the di fference in breski ngstrengt hs111 -112 and Uo = 10
l)

fi():S~1-1'2=10

3)

H1 :111 -~>10

4)

n.e test statistic is

.;) Reject H() ifzo > :za = 1.64.; for a= o.o.;

6) X 1 =16l,s X <~=l.).5 .0 S:tO

OJ=1.0
n1 = 10

02=1.0
~= 12

7) Conclusion: B:ause -.;.84 < 1J>45 faiJ to reject IJ!.e null hypotlt.esis. TJ!..ere is i nsufficient evideooe to support t!>.e use ofplastic 1a t a
= o.o.;.

-.;.84)= 1-0 = 1

P\'Sine= 1-<1>(

b)
( 1)

c)

13=

1.6 45- ( ! 2 -I O)

~
'{10+12

10

+-( I/

12

=<I{-3.o3)=0.0012

Power= 1-0.0012 = 0.9981)

d)

"=

(z ofz +z,/(a~ +a;)

( tl-tli

Yes. t!>.esamp!esir.e is adequate

( 1.6 45+1.6 45) 2 (1+1)

(12 -1 0)

5.42 - 6

11)7 X l = 89.6 X 1 = 92-5

?

uj

1.5

n1 = 1.5

u 2 = 1.2

n~= ~ o

a) 1) Tlt.e parameter of interest is tltediffereooe in mesn rood octane number Ill -11~ and llo = o
2) Ho:!Jl-112=00t}l)=/12
j.) Hl: !Jl-li:!<OOr iJl </11

4) The te.ststatistic is

.5) Reject Ho if t.o

< -:za = -1.645 for a= o .o.s

6) X1 =89.6 X2 =92S
?

nj

1.5 n 2 = 1.2

o = (8 9.6 - 9 2.5) =

_7.

25

v~+w-

7) Conclusion: Be::at:.SC -7.2.5 < -1.-G.t5 reject tf>.e nn11 l!.ypotJ!.esisandoonclu.de t.Jt.e mean road octane nt:.mber for formulation 2 o:oeeds
that of formula tion 1 using a= o .o.:;.
P-valne Jlz s -7:~..;) = 1- Kz ~ 7:~.5) = 1-1 "' o
b) 9.s%oonfidence intrn'81:

(8 9.6 - 92.5) - 1.96

- 3.684<,,, -

JL2

~~ + ~~ ~ '"_ ,'2 ~(89 .6 -

1.5 1.2
92.5) +1.96 15 + 20

< - 2.116

With 9.s%oonfidmce, the mean road octane munber for fonnnla tion 2 exceeds that of formulation 1by between 2.116and j.l,&t.
c) 9.5'% IC\<tlofoonfidence.E = l.aod7<0.02.:; = 1.96

n- [o; (u~ +ui)=[1.~ 6 r ( 1.5+1.2) = 10.37'

25

10~.

Catahost 1

Catalvst ::!.

x 1 = 6.5 .~-2

X~ =6842

Ot=S
n1 = 10

02_ =3

ll2 = U')

a) 95'%oonfidence interval onp1 -112 tl'..ediffereooe io me<~nactivecoooentra tion

2

( X I - ~.... ) - za/2

-u 1
11

a
+_l_:::;
JL
11
2

fJ

<

X - X
I

2-

+z ol2

-a 1

+-a~

11
I

11

(3)2 (3)2
3 2 32
(6 5.22- 6 8 .42) - 1.96 ( ) + ( ) < P, - ,.., < (6 5.22 - 68 .42) +1.96 - +10
10
10
I0
- 5.8 3 ~ fL I - fL2 ~ - 0.57
Weate95%confident t~.a t tlte meaoactivecoooentra tionofcstai)'St 2 exceeds that ofcataJy~t 1 by tx:tv. reotJ.s7 and5.&Jgfl.
P\'Siu.e:

(65 .22- 68 .42)

32

32

10

10

- 2.38

- +Tlten Pvaln.e = 2{0.008656) = 0 .0173.

b) Yes. because tlt.e 95% oonfidenoe interva.l does not oontaio the vaJtle zero. We oonclndc that t.Jt.e mean acthoe ooooentration depends on tJt.;e
~.oi~ofcatalyst.

c)

fi =

( 5)

I.96 - ...:~::"" I

32

32

10

10

I.

96

(5)

- ?.;.;.:.."::""

32

- +-

32

- +-

10 10

=~- 1.77 ) - ~- 5.69 )=0.03836 4- 0

=

0.038 36 4

Power= 1- P= 1 -O.Oj83f>4 = 0 .9(>16.

d) Calculate thevaJueofn nsing a and~.

(1.96 + 1.77 (9 + 9)

I 0.02,

( 5)2
'O.crd-Ore.10 isonlysJig.htly too ft'lossmples. n.e samplesi1.esaread(lQ.nate to detect tlt.ediffe:nceof5 n.;edats from tft.;e first sample n = 15 a ppear to
be oorma.llydistributOO.

..

-;----~-----

"'., ____L ____L-:-~-= I ....,c "'

'
'
'
e., .,
I
"'., -+if
c.. ..,
:.' ---~
.,"" .--I

---/.

-u

10

r-

I'

75)

700

'O.edata from tJt.;eseoondssmplen = 8appear to benonnallydistributed

99 - -..

1
1----+1.. - -.. -!,- ..- -1

90 _ . .

--+ - -l./'_+1----1

.. __ L~I. ___ /-/1

-+---1

==_::~
-~ :.;i.. :~.
: =:1
-;/- ::__
-l-- . . _ +-1

..- so
~

70

!!
., so
so

..

c.. ..,

10

r--/ /

=:V-~:.
100

:+-1

Plots for bothsamplesaresf!.o\'..-n in the fol!o""in& figl!re.

99
9S
90

~
Q)

80

60

70

ill so
"-

"'""
20
10

--1-----~---

:=t=
-=f-:;2/ I

=:1==
-----

/1

I'

'

/ 'I

-- - - - - - - -

.,t-

- ' .y' ;.
---------- ' --f.:--- ----;T
. -- -------
/ '
--j---

--~--

/~

. . /;.
--,--7--1--4-

------'

6S

I
'

=rI
'
'

I
7S

sectiOn 1~1

10-1I.

2
'25.28 ''

a)

Tl:~9.;% upper one-sided oonfidmoe interval: ro.o.;.26 = 1.7 06

~l- ~!,>_ s

-lJ>BSo

P-vslll~ = P(r < -j.OO): o.ool.)

< p.,'aJtle < u .oo.;

Tlti.s i.soOMi&d test because tl>.e ~.ypotl'..ese.saf't': mu1 - m.u = o \ WS'tl.S less th:ano .
b) Bectn:.seO.OOl,S < P\'tllu.e < o.oo.; tl':.e P\'tllu.e <a= o .o.;. TbcretOrt. we reject tl".e null f!.)'J)Otltes.i.sof mlu- mt.~ =oat th.eo:o.; or tl':.e
0.01 I'\'CI of significance.

c) Yes.. t.f!.e .sample sumda rd&viations are quitedifferent. Consequ.ently, one would not wa nt to assume that t~.e pnpulation varia noES are
equal.
d) lftltultemathoe hypothesis were changed tomw- ml!2 ~ o. thent.J!.e P\'altle = 2 .. P{r < -j.OO)ando.oo.; < P-vshte < (LOl. Because the
P-valtle <a= o .o.;. wereject the null hypot.J!.esi.sofmn:l - mm. = o attlt.e o.o.; le>.-d ofsignificance.
1013. a) 1) The parameterofinterest is t~.edifferenoe in mean.s.111 -If.:!. with A() = o
2) f-lo:#1 -~:!=0or~1 =~2

3)

H1 :p1 -~2 <0orp1 <Jb.!

I
4) T~.e testsUttisticis

6)

(x - x,) - ~ 0
1

sp

11 1

IJ2

- +-

x,= 6.2

sp =

s, = 4 s; = 6.25
2

n,. I 5

n, = 15

l)st

( 11 1

nl

+(11 2

l)s;

+n2 - 2

14(4) +14(6.25) = 2.26

28

to= (6.2 - 7 .8) =- 1.94

2.26~ I + I

I 5 15

7) Cooch:sion: Ba':ausc- 1.94 < - 1.701 reject tf!.e null ~.ypotlwsis at tlteo.o.; le>.el ofsignificance.

p.,oaJtle = P(r > 1.94) O.Ol,S < P\'tllu.e < o.o.;

b) 9.;9Gconfidt':n0o'! interval: ro.o.;-28 = 1.701

Because7.ero is not contained in this interval. weare9s9ticonfid"ent thatv1 < WJ.

c) .:1= j

d = p.2

- J,

2sp

Usespasane.stimateofo:

3 = 0.66
2(2.26)

Usiog Chart Vtr {g)witlld = o .66aodn = n1 = ''12 we get n = !.'.n - 1 = :19and_ = o.os. T~.erefore. ~ = o .o.; and t~.epnweris 1 -IS= 0 .9.;
d) ~=o .os, d =

25
2(2.26)

= 0.55.T~.ereforen 40a.ndl1 =

"* +1:: 21.Titus.n =n1 =ltlt = 21.

2

lOlS. a) 1) The paramcter of interest is t.f!.ediffereoce in mean toddiamcter.p 1 - 112

2) Ho : #l-~~ =oorpl=#1!

J) Hl:#l-#2l<OOt Jll t#2

4) TUt;>.Ststatisticis

f =
0

( x - x ) -tl
I

s
p

n,

"2

- +-

.5) Reject t ile null }!.ypofl!.es.is if to < - ra{~.nr... ~-2 w here - ro .02.),30 = -2.042 or to > ta{~.n ..a. ,~-2 w here ro .O~jO = 2.04!!- fora=

o.os
?

6)

x, = 8.73

s,2 = 03'
. )
n I = LS

sp =

si = 0.40

( n1- l)sj +( n2 - l)s;

n1 +n2 - 2

14(0.35) + 16(0.40) = 0.6 14

30

n,= 17
t = (8 .73 - 8 .68)
0

0.230

-I +- I

0.6 14

15 J7

7) Conclusion: Because. -2.042 < 0 .2;30 < '1.041!. fail t o r-eject t.J!..e null ~.ypothais. n.ereis insufficient t'Videoce tooonch:<k that tlte two
ma<:hint.S prodncedifferent mesndiamctcrsat a= o .o.;.
Pvsln.e : 2P(r > cUjO) > l ( O.t$0 ). Pt'Sin.e > 0.80
b) 9s%oonfidence inter\'al: to.Ol.j.JO

(8.73 - 8 .68) - 2.042(0.6 14)1

= 2.0 4~

1
15

+ I :0; p 1- p2 <(8 .73- 8 .68 )+2.042(0.6 43)1 I + I

17
I S 17

- 0.39 4 < '"- '"' s; 0.49 4

&r.au.se zero isoontained in this interval. t~.ere is insufficient evidence tooonclu. th:at th.e two machines produ~ rods '~i tbdiffermt mean diameters.
1017. a) 1) Tt:i' parameter of'interest is the difference inmeancataJyst )ield,p1 - ~~. '~itb 6o = o.

::!) Ho:pl-#1!=0 0 t#l=#::!

j) H1 :p~-~~~ < OOt#l <Jli

4) n.eteststatisticis

( x1 - x,) -tl0
-

s
p

n,

"2

- +-

6)

sp -

'

'2

-'
-

t0

(86 -89)

= -==--~.:.....-

( n - l)sj +(n2 -l)s;

1

n1 +n1 -

I 1(3)' + 14(2)' 2.4899

25

- 3. I I

2.4899 12 + 15
7) Conch:sion: Because <Pl < - 248.;, reject tt.e. nllll hypotJt.esisand oooch<.de that tlu:mean)ield ofcatalyst 2 e.xcoods tf!.at ofcatalyst

Jata=OiH.

p 1 - ~~~ s -0.60,lor t:quivaJentlyp1 "'0.60j s II-:!

Weare(}:)?f.oonfident tl>..at the mean yield ofcatalyst 2 o:C'ds th.at ofrutaJyst 1 bya t least o .60,l units.

10-19. a ) A.coording to th.e oormaJ probabilityplots,lh.eassumptionof oormaJitya ppears to reasonable bccasll(: the data from both tlte
samples fa ll a pproximatelyaJong a straight lioe. Tlbeeq11:alityofvariancesdoes not a ppear to bese\l!tcl)'\iolatcci cithetsince the slopes aN'
a pproximately tltesame for both samples.

Normal Probability Plot

Normal Probability Plot

.99

.999

-..

.99
.~ .95

i!:- 99

;.; .9S

r:
.c

.c
.c

''

.eo

.20

.so
~ .zo

.OS

.OS
.01

.Q1

.oo

.00
10.0

9.5

10.0 10.1 HU tQl

10.5

solution

.............,..

Ard~

HCIII'!uhy l e-:n

P.V.11uc 0.595

b)

1)

tO.~

solution
A'oWage<: 10
StDe'.r: 0..230940

tO.S 10.6 10.7

Nd~~r.~C~n<~ Homu llty f~

A>SoJ.weii: 0 ..2 11

P.VAt e:: 0.8011

.. 10

The parameter of interest is t.J>.edifference in mean etch rate,Jl1 - Jl~. with:6() = o.

2) H():Jll-W~=OOrJll"'ll2

:J) H1 :Jll -#:! "*OOrJ11t:IJ2

4) The test statisticis
(x - x,) -~ 0
1 -

t0 =

s
p

ttl

112

- +-

5) Reject t1:e nu.JI hypotJ!.esis iff() < - ra,lvt1.a.n2- 2 wltere -ro.02.5,!8 = - :1..101 or ro > taj~Jtl'-:~-2 wl'teri! ro.o2.5.18 = 2.101 for a=
o.os.

6)

x, =

9.97

= 10.4

sp =

. , - 0.422

(9 .97- 10.4)
I

10

I0

0.340 - + -

=-

( 111 -

l)s1 +(u2 - l)s2

111

+n2 - 2
2

9(0.422) +9(0.23 1) -0.340

I8

2 .83

7) ConclttSion: Becau:se -:1..83 < -2.101 reject t~.e null hypothes.isaoclocmcludet.!'..e ""'O machines mean etch rates differ a t a= 0.05.
P\'alue = ~F(r < -2.8 3) ~{0 .005) < p., oaJne < :l{O.O!O) = 0.010 < P\'3lti.e < o.oao
c) 95%oonfidence: inten11l: to.o2.5.18 = ~1..101

Weare95%oonfident tha t tl'te mean etch rate for solution i exceeds t!".e mean etch rnte for solntion 1 byb.."""eeno.ll05 aod 0.7495

10-:h. a ) 1) Tlte: parameter of interest is the difference: in mean melting point.#1 - #1 '"ith~ = o
1) Ho : #!-P'1=0orpl=P2

3) Hl:Jil-#2~oor#l'*#2
4) Ttu: test .statistic is

.;) Reject tl'tf: nu.lll;ypntt.es.i.s if to < -raj2.t1.a.r:2-1 wltere -ro .oo~ 4o = -2::011 or to > tof2.n1... n2:-2 where ro .o~ 4o = 1.021 for a

= o.o.;

6)

xI =

420

sI = 4

n,

21

426

sp =

'.)

( 11 1

l )s12 + ( 112 - l )s22

n1 +u2 - 2

20( 4)2 + 20(3)2 = 3.536

40

n,= 21
10

( 420 -426)

=- S.498

3.536{ I + I
21 21
7) Conclnsioo: Because -.;498 < -2.011 tejet'l the nulll;ypot.he:.si.s. TheaJioysdiffer .significantly in mean melting point a t a= o.o.;.
P\'Sh.-e = 2-P(r <-.5498) P\'SJne < 0 .0010

'

_ J _=

b)

2( 4)

0.37 5

Using tlt.eappro priatech:an in tf!.eAppeodix. v.ittt ~ = 0 .10 aod a= o.o.; we haw: n = 1.; .
Tf!.erefore:,11 =

11

+I

38. n1 = n2: = .).8

u)~. a) l) Tr.ep<~tilmeter ofintcrest is t.bediffereooein mesnwear amou.nt.#1 -

:!)

w1 withUQ = o

Ho: Jll- Jt:!. =(I Or #1 = jl:!_

:}) Hl:Pl-Jl:!+.OoriJJ!#J/2
4)

Tltete&tstatisticis

1/

},
+
s;l2
[
"z
---'7---''-'--[}, ]2 [s;l
'Jt

,, +

n -1
I

1/ ~

26.9 8

112

n -1
2

26

(tJUncated)
6) X 1=:!0 X 2=15

SJ=2

S2_:8

n1 = :i5 02= :i.5

3.03

7) Conclusion: Beca~3.03 > :!..056 reject thencll hypotf!.esis. TIM: data support ilteclaim tf!.at tlte twooompanie& prodl!Ct material
~ithsignificantlydiftertnt wear a t tlt.e:0.05 IC\l:l ofsignificance. Pvalu.e = 2P(t > 3.0J). 2{0.00:i,;) < P-vah:.e < 2{0.005). 0 .005 < P

vaJu.e < 0.010

h) 1) Tltep<~rameterofinterf:.St is tf!.ediffereoce in mesnwear amollnt,J11 - ~

::!.) fi(.l : ,:l-J/2=0

.J) Hl:JI!-#2>0

4)

Tlte te&tstatisticis

5) Reject tf!.e nl!ll hypothesis iff() > r0 .05 .27 w~.ere r0 .o5 .26 = 1.706 for a= 0 .0 5 since
6)

x 1='2-0 x -2. =15

S;i_=8

SJ=2

t0 =

7) Conch:sion: Because 3.03 > 1.706 r-eja.'1 the null hypothesis. Tltedata support lite claim that tf!.e material from oompany 1 bass
higha meanwesr than tf!.e material from oompany:! a t a 0 .0 5 IC\'tl ofsig:nificaooe.
c) For part {a) use a 95'% two-sided oonfidenoe intenal:

to.02.5;:!-6 = ~.056

.,

.,

.,

<
(xI - x2 )-tCr.v -Ill1- +...1.
ft -

JL - JL <
I

2-

(x - X ) +t
I

(20 - I5) - 2.056

i ~ JL 25 25
(2) 2

(8

(.).v

s"
_I

111

.,

+...1.
IJ
2

l"z <( 20 - 15)+ 2.056

(2) 2 ( 8 )2

25

+-

25

1.6 09 ~ /LI - JL2 < 8 .39 I

FOr part {b)use a 95'% lower one-sided oonfidenct inten'31:
r0 .05.-26 = 1.706

(xI -

)- ta.v

x 2.

(2t + -(st < JL - JL.

(20 -1 5)-1.706 -

25

25 -

"

2. I8 6 < 1'1 - 1Lz

For part a )we are95'%oonfident the meanabtt~sh-ewesr from oompany 1 exceeds t he meanabrashoe wear from oompany2 by bet wf!f:n l.f)()9and 8.391
mgjulOO.

For part b)wesre95%oonfident the meanabrasl\oewesr from oompany 1e.xcteds t.J!.e mean abrssh't"-'ear from oomp<~tl)':!. bya t lesst :u86 mg/1000.

10:!.5 a ) 1) Tl>~ parameter ofintcrest is tJ!.;ediffercnoe in mean \\idthoft.J!.e back.sided.i p~uts for fl!.e sing.lespiDdlesaw process \l!l"SllS tJ!.;e
duaJ spindle saw pt()()('.SS,p1 -IJ'J_
i) f-fo:pl-Pi=OOt lfl=P1
j) H1 :p1 -IJ.i 1:0orp1 *~

4) Tlte test statistic is

.5) Reject tlte null hypotl:'i'Sis if I() < - raf2,n1... n1-!l: w~.ere - ro .o~.:!8 = - 1.048or to > taju11 ... n1-:l wf!.ere: ro.ol.:;,18 = ~.048 fora=

o.o.;

6)

x, = 66.385

x = 45.278
2

n 1 = 15

14(7 .895) + 14(8 .6 12) = 8 .26

28

n,. 15
t = (66.385 -45.278 ) = 7 .00
0

8 .26

~-I +-I
15 15

7) Conclusi on: Becsc.se 7.00 > ~L048, we reject tt.e. nllll llypotft.esisat a= 0 .0.:;. Pva.lue )
b) 95%oonfi~ intmoaJ: to.0:!..,:;.:!8 = 2.048

HI

HI

(6 6 .J8 5- 45.27 8) - 2.048(8 .26) - + - :::; ''- /.'2 <(6 6 .38 5- 45.27 8 )+2.048 (8 .26) - + 15 15
15 15

Because r.ero is not oontainodintlt.is interval. weart9.;9Goonfident t hat the means are different.

c) For ~<O.ouoo d =

15
. )
8 26

= 0 .9 I,,.,.itlt:a =o.o.;thenus.ingCh3rtVtl{e)wefindn >l.:;.Tft.enn>

15+1

=8

1027. a) 1) Tlte parameter of interest is t~.edi fference in mean rmmber of periods in a sample of :!00 tra ins for twodiffetf:nt lt\~s ofooise
wltage.lOOmvand 150mv.
111-111- v.i th ~ = 0
i) f-io:pl-~=00t l)l=IJ2
$) H1: 111 -112 > o or #1

> 112

4) Tlte test statistic is

s, =

2.6

n, = 100

n,. I 00
to=

(7 .9 - 6 .9)
,

2.)

100

+-

2.8 2

100

7) Conch:.sion: Because 2.8:! > l.S-:!6 reject th;e nuJJ hypothes.is at tft.eO.ol l t~.oel ofsignificanct.
P\'8Jtle = P(t > 1.8 2) P\'altle O.OOl.:;
b) 9!}%oonfidenoeinte:rvsl: to.o 1,198 =1~26

,,,- ,,, >(x 1 - x2 )- t . _2(s)

p
-

_I + -1

tr.lll~!

"

"2

''- ''2 ;::: 0.178

Because7.ero is not oontained in this intervaJ. weare99%oonfid"ent that mean 1o:cood:s mean i .

99(2.6) +99(2.4) = 2.5

198

1029. a) Th.edata appe3r to be oonn.allydi.stributodaOO t.lte\oariaooesappear to be approximatelyequal. Tlteslopesoftlte line.; on tt,e

normal probahi !ity plots are aJmo.st tlt.e .same.

Normal Probability Plot for Brand 1 ... Brand 2

MLEstimates

..

1
-1-

95

.,"'
-"'c .,"'
"' ..,so
v~

CL.

"/"+ -

.,"'

10

244

,.,

274

'" Dat a

254

b) 1) Tlte parameter ofintcre.st is t~.edifference in meano\'f!taJl distanct.J11 - #1. with!l()-= o.

f-to:J11 -1J.2=0orp1 =#2
3) Ht :pl -#2 1o0orp1 *lt1
2)

4) Tltete.st statistic i.s

t =
0

x-, =

6)

275.7

s, = 8.03
n, = IO

Rl

( x - x ) - 6.
2

-n +-n
1

x 2 = 265.3

( 11 1

sp =
=

s2 = 10.04

l)s12 + ( n2 - l)s22
n

+n2 -

9( 8 .03l +9( I0.04l

20

9 .09

n, = 10
=

(27 5.7 - 26 5.3)

10

_
2 558

9.09 - +10 I0

P-vsJu~

7) Concll!Sion: Eltt..!tu.se 2,s.;8 > 2.101 reject tile null }!.ypotf!.esis. Tt.e.data support tft.eclaim that tt.cmeansdiffer at a= o .o.;.
= 2P(r > 2,s.;8) p.,ahte" 2:(0.<H) = 0.02

C)

_)
S
( .-Y
1 -X 2 - (cup

IT
, -

<

<(-1 _)2 +tu.v p -+I I

I.. - JI.-J_
12

X-X

(275.7 - 265.3) - 2.10 1(9 .09)~ 10I + 10I <Jlt -1'2 ~(275.7 - 265.3)+2.101(9.09)~10I + 10I
5
0.27 5
2(9 .09)
3
e) ~ = o.~ d =
= 0. 16 5n = 100 Tlterefore.n = .;1.
2(9 .09)
d)

d=

TJ!.e_pa.tilmctersofinterest aretlt.e mean current {note: set circu.it uquaJ to sample:! so tt-.at Table Xcan be u.sed. Tlterd'oro:p 1 =
mean ofcircui t ~ aDd Jl:! = mean ofcir..~i t 1).
U)-31 .

a)

1.

:!. Ho : ~~

= #1!

3 H1 : #1 > #1!

( n1 +112)(n 1+n? + I)

4. The test statistic is W2_=

w 1

.S = 5 1, because a= o.o~ and: n = 8andn2 = 9.Appendix A. Table Xgi...-s tl.ecritieaJ vaJne.

w 0.0
1
2

5 We rtjo::t Ho ifl~ ~

6. w1 = 78and W:! = 75 and because. 75 is less th:an51 fa il to reje::t Ho

7. \.onclusion, fa il to reject H(J . Tt.ere is oot t!OOllgh evidence tooonc:lcdet h.at the meso of'circuit 1exceeds the mean ofcircuit 2.

b) 1. 'O.e pal'ametersofinterest are the mean image brightnes.softJ!.etwo t.-bcs.

:!. Ho : #1 = 112

:).

H1 : 111>~

H~ - P.w
4. n.e testsUttisticis Z = - ' - - - -'L
0
(f

...

'

5 We rtjo::t Ho if Zo > ~.0:!.5= 1.96 for a= 0 .0-:15.

6. w1 =78.#w1 =7:!and a!. =

z0 =

78 - 72
I0.39

108

'

0.58

Because Zo < 1. . fa il to reje::t HtJ.

7. \.onclusion: fa il to reje::t H(J. Tlt..."re is not a significsnt difference in t.J!.e f!.ea t gain tOr the heating units at a= 0 .05 .
P-valn.e= :!h- P(Z<O,s8)) =0,S6l9
ulJJ. a ) 1. Tlte para.mctersofintere&t are lite me<~n ~!.ea t gains for ~!.ea ti ng units
:!. Ho : 111 = #:!

3 Hl : #!'t.-#1!
4 . n.e test statistic is w2
6.

We rtjo::t Ho ifW ~

(111+112)(111+n2 + I)

w,.

= 78, because a= 0 .01 andn = 10 andJlfl = lO,Appe:odixA. TableXgh oe.s tbecriticaJ vaJu .
wO.OJ
1

7. w1 = n aDd W:! = 1,33and becal!SC77 is less titan 78. wecanrejo::t Ho

8. \.onclusion: ri:je::t HtJ andoonclndetl>.at fl!.ere is a significantdiftCr-mce intl>.e heating units at a= 0 .05.

b)

1.

Tlteparamctersof interest are the mean ".('..'I t gain for heating units.
:!. H1 !#1#2

3. Ho :#1 =#2
4. n.e testsUttisticis Z =
0

w,- 1"
...

- ...:..__.:."'cc
(f

'

if!Zol > Zo.02.:;= 1. for a= 0 .05

2
6. wl=77.#w1 =l05and 0"w = 175

5 RO!jo::t Ho

'

z = 77 -1 05 =-2.12
0
I'J . 2'J
B<x:allS< IJ;,I > >. .reject H0

7. \.onclusion: ri:je::t HtJ andooncludetl>.at fl!.ere is a difference in IJ!.e hestgain for fl!.e f..eating llnitsa t a= 0 .05.
P-valn.e = 211 - P( Z < 2.19)) = 0.034
10-:).5.

a) 1. Tlte parameters of interest an: the mean temperatures.

:!. Ho : 111 = #:!

3. H1 !JIJ tf.I:!
4. n.e testsUttisticiSl-1' =
2
5 Wereject Ho if W
6.

(11 +112 )(11

I

+n2 + I)

W I'

~ w ~.OS = 185. becansi:a = 0.05and n1 = 15 andn::! = 15.Appendix A. TableXgh~ t.J!.ecriticaJ vaJuo:.

w1 = :!.58 and ILI2 = :!07 and brr.au.se both 2.:;8and 207 are greater than 185. we fail to reje::t Ho.

7. \.onclusion: fa il to reje::t f-lo.Th.o."f'eis not a significsnt difference in t.J!.e mean pipeddlectiontemperatllteata = 0 .05 .

b)

1.

'O.e pal'ametersofinterest are the mean etch l'iltes.

:!. Ho :111 =112

:). H1:111~
4. n.e testsUttisticis Z =
0

w,- 1"

- ...:..__.:."cc

u,.,

5 We rtjo::t Ho ifl7"()1> ~ .o::!5 = 1. fora = 0 .0 5.

2
6. w1 =73.#w1 =l05and O"w = 175
1

z0 =

7 3-1 05
13.23

- 2.42

Because !Zol > 1.96. ri:je::t Ho.

7. \.onclusion: ri:je::t H(J . Tlt.ere is a sig.nificaot <iiffercooc betwetn tlt~ meanrtcb rates. P-valu.e = 0 .0155

SEctiOA 1~

10-37. s) d =O.::qj8 Sd=1).1j.5l.n=9

9.;%confi denoe in1m'al:

5

d _ f ,,n,n-1 [

T, -< 1 d <- d +t'<>i2fl-l [T,

d

0.27 38 - 2,306 [

Sd

-~ I] < I'd ::; 0.27 38 + 2.306 [ 0~ I]

0.1699::; l l, ::; 0.377 6

With 95% confin'enoe, tJ!.e mean sJ!.ea r strengthof Karls.TUJ!.e mcthod exceeds tt-.e. mean sho:.u strtngtf!. of tft.e l~igh mrtttod by between 0 .lf,c'J9 a 00
OJ:n6. Becsuse7.ero is oot incln<i.."'<l in this intervaJ. tJ!.e intervaJ i.soons.istent \\ith rejecting the nuJJ hypotr.es.is. f.t!.at the means a.reequ.al.
Tlte9.;'%confidence intm'al is directly related to a testofl\ypotl'.es.is \\it.ho.o.; !ew:l ofsignifieanoe and thecoodusions rescftedare identieaJ.
b) [tis only oeoess.sry(or the differences to be nonnallydistributed for tJ!.e paired r-test to be a ppropriateand riliab!c. Tbetefore, t.J!.;e t-test is
appropriate.

Normal Probability Plot

''
.99 :' --- ~--

---~---

'

--~

'

------~-1

-r ---.- --:----. n
----,-1
J.!--

.99 . -:- --- -:---.--.

.95 ' ' .
, __.--,
:0 .80 -;~------...-------,----~-~-

c
=

-.--------.--------,--------.---:.;.;;1

E
'

.
I
I
2 .so --:---.- --- ~~-:-------:-------:-1
~ .20 --.~;------------,-------, ]

--- - -:-- -- -:--- -~- --- ~-~

'
'
.Ot -----.------..+ --------.----..' -~
'
'
'
'
.00
1
I
I
!
!
!
.OS -lt

--------1----- ..------.. ------ .

0 .12

0 .22

0.42

0 .32

0 .52

d iff

10-39.

=868,l75 S(i=l.29fl,n =8wheredj =hranch-brand :l

99~ confid-ence intm+a!:

d-

t <>12 ..-1[

J,}

fLd

< d+tan ...-l [

8 68 .J7 5 - 3.499 [ lls-O ] <

/Ld

1]

< 868.37 5 + 3.499 [ Jls-O

- 727.46 ::; ! ,, ::;2464.2 1

Because this confidence intrn'8l oontains 7.ero. there is oosignificant difference bctv. ren the two braodsoftireata 1%significance le.,.el.
10-41. a) 1) Tl'oe parilmeter ofirrt::rest is t.r.edifference: in bloodc~.olesterol level, Pd. wh.eredi = Before-After.
-2) fi() : IJd=O

3) H1 :Jid> O

4) Tlte t<Ststatistic is

.;) Reject the null hypothesis if to> ro.o,s.14 wl:iTe ro .o.;.14 = 1.761 fOr a= 0.05

6)

d = ~6.867

26 .867 = 5.46 5
J9 .04 / .JI5

7) Conclusion: Becaus.e.;;46.; > 1.761 rej1 t.t'..c null 1\ypothesis. The data support tlteclaim that t~.e mean difference in c~.ol ei>terol
IC\'els is significantly less after diet and anaerobic exercise progr-am at t.r.eo.os IC\'el ofsignifican::e.
P\'ahte= P{t > .:;..;6.;) o
h) 9.;~confidence interva l:

-lo..-1[-t,}

fLd

26 .867 - 1.76 1['~] </Ld

I 8.20::; 11,
Bee:.<~ use IJ!.e lower bound is pos:iti\'e, "'ith9.;%oonfidence IJ!.e mcandifferenoe in bloodc~nle.stcroiiC\'f:l is significantly less after the diet and aerobic
exercise program.

10-43. a) 1) The parameter ofintct'f$t is tltediffere:oce in meanweig.ht,Pd w~dj = Weight Before- We:igltt After.
2) ff,) : IJd=O

3) Ht : lld. > O
4 ) Tlte test statistic is

.;) Reject t~.e nuJ I I;ypot~.-es.is if to > ro.os.9 wit-ere ro.o.;;~ = 1.83$ for a= o.o.;

(,) d

=17

17

t0 =

r::- = 8 .387

6 .4 1/ v JO

7) Conclusion: Because 8.387 > 1.8$;3 rej0::t the mill hypothesis and oooclnde th:at the: mean weigltt l oss issignificantlyg.reater thsn

1.ero.Tbat is, tJ!. cdata support tt.eclaim that tllis particular diet modifica tion program iseffecthl!: in ri.'dlt.cing. weigbt a t th:eo.o.; leo.'f:l
o(signifies nee.
b) 1) Tlte parameter of in1erest is tltedi ffcrenoe in meanwcigltt !oss,J.Id wlt.cN J}j = Betore- After.

Ho :#d= !0

2)

'3) H1 : Jfd> tO
4 ) Th:e teststatisticis

.;) Reject tJ!.e null hypothesis i f~ > r0 .o5 ,9 \''lter'f! r0 .o5 ,9 = 1.8$;3 for a= o .o.;
6)

="
17 -1 0
to = 6 .41 / JiO

3.45

7) Conclusion: Because345 > 1.833 reject the null hypothesis. There iseo.'icteoce to support tlteclsi m that t"-is particular diet
modifica tion program iseffecthl: inpmdlt.cinga mean \,eight loss ofa t least U') !bsat tlt.eo.o.; leo.'CI ofsignificance.
c) UseSdasanestimateforo:

Yes. the sample sit.<: of 10 isadt'quate for this test.

10-45. a ) Tfte probabilitypJot below show that nonnalityassumption is reasonable.

Normal P robabll tiy plot of the difference of I Q

Normal
991r------.-----.------------------~-- r---~~
J

'

_1, - -

- '

~-.

'
"'

1' -

-I-

'

-~

'

~-

I
I

.
__..,_

-~-

.
'

-~

....
I
I

---

- -..... -

- -. ., ;-

1.0

;-

-f- - - ,

--

, ' I

'

-- -t-

O.S

0.0

.,.-; --+

.-!

-4

--1 --oo~-

:
--.,-

.,

-. ~..

1(S

-~

-1-

~>---

--l-

StOe-.

P.V~ll e

1, /
~

- - -_,-,... ~

; ' - .~...:( --; T

,/~--- ---1
''
----1-

-I.

--!-----i--- - . iv- ' .

T-

--

.J_

~~

/
~ + -+

--~

~-1

-1--- .
-1--

--.;-- - . - - - .

-r 1
r--- -

T--

-~

~-

-1

-~-----~-

i'

-t-- --
!

-r----

o.s

0.015
0.509-4
10
0.1<19
:~o0. 1 !iO

1.0

Dill

b)

d = -0.015

Sd = 0,S093
n= lO

ro .o 2.,5.9 = 2.:!-M
9s%oonfidenoe in1mal:

d - to/2.n-l [

t.l~

l"d

d +tn12.n-ll

t.l

- 0.37 9 < }Jd < 0.349 3

Becacseuro isoontaioodin lhi:oonfideoce intervaJ there is oot sufficient eo.i deooe thst tt.e mean l Q depe:odson birthor<k"'t.
c) I~= J-0.9=0.1

1 = 1.96
d = d = t.J = "

sd
Thus 6 ~ n wollld be eno&gb.

10-47. l) Parameters of interest are tl:-e mOOiancMicsterollew:ls for twoacthities.

2)

H0 : l'o = 0

or

3) H 1 : p0 > 0
.

2)

Ho : fi - J'l = O

3)

H 1 : 1; - ~>0

4) r

.;) BecaU:S('a = o .o.; and n = t.;.Appendix A. Table Vlll gh\'S th:ectitical valneofr

=
6) Tlt.e tl:St statisticis ,.

if r ~!:: 3.

'

Observation

Before

After

Difference

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15

265
240
258
295
251
245
287
314
260
279
283
240
238
225
247

229
231
227
240
238
241
234
256
247
239
246
218
21 9
226
233

36
9
31
55
13
4
53
58
13
40
37
22
19
-1
14

P-vaJne = P(R ~ J' = l4 l p = o..;) =

;OS= 3. We reject Ho in fa ..-or of H

Sign
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+

5
~['
)(0.5)'(0.5) 20-r = 0.00049
L.., r

r = l3
7) Conclusion: Because the P-vaJne = 0.00049 is less thana= o.o.;. reject tr..e nu.IJ hypothesis. Tf!.ere is a significant d.ifferrn::e io the
mediancf!.ole.st~oll e~o'clsafter diet andv:erciseat a.= o.o.;.

104 9.

I
-.--''--= - =

alf.,.,., = 1.59

d)

b~ te.ao,!i1,9 -??8
- - ...

e) r.,,.,. = - - ' - -

f'""" =

~.2~105

f0.10,9 .2-1

c)

r.,,.., - 2.64

o.o~ ~

H0 . a 1 = a 2

')

H I .'

2<'
2
0'1
~ 0'2

4) Tlte t<Ststatistic is

.;) Reject the null hypothesis if to <fo .9.; 4 .9 = 1/fo.o.;,9.4 = 1j 6 = 0 .1666 tbr a= o .o.;.

6)

nI = 5 n,

10

sj
0

23.2

232)
( 28 .8 )

/, = (

0.806

7) Conclusion: Becanse 0.1666 < o.806do oot reject t lbc null ~.ypotltesis. t;.;'%oonfideooe: int~'a l :

52]
~ :s; --;a2

a2

s-

ft-('r.n - l .n -1

2
2' 2
a,
- ~(--) /,
J.

2
0'2

28 8

'

a 2l

Where / 05 4 = 6
0 059 4

1.9 I

0.529

= 0.525

_ _!_-0.311
I) f.O.~AIS - _;..._
f
, ,

lO.;l. l) Tf!.e parameters ofinterest are t.J!.esta.nda.rdde\iati omol~

. 2
2
2)
-'

I.S 9

- ~ 4.83
2
0'2

a l

or -

< 2.20

Becatse t.J!.e value one is contained v.;thin this interval, t.J! te is no significant difference in the vsriances.

..; =

28.8

J. -

10-.;3. a) 1) TILe paramctersof interest .arefl!.estandarddeviatiom.o1.o2..

. 2
2
H0 . a 1 = a 2
. 2
2
H l . a ,=n2

2)
3)

4) TlbetestsUitisticis
s2

J:0 =-12
s2

.;) Reject tlte null hypotbesis iffo

6)

</.0.975.l4.14 = OJ,Sorfo >/o.o2.!;,14.14 = 3 for a= 0.05

nI = 15

n 2 = 15
f. =
0

2 .3 = 1.21
1.9

7) Cooclusion: BecauscO.J;33 < 1.21 < 3 fail to rejt'CI the nuJI hypott.esis. Th.ere is oot sufficient e-.i&oce that tt.ere is a difftreooe intf!..o:
standard de\iation.

9.;%ocmfidmce iote:n'al:

2]J;- a12Jl
?
[2

s 2]
2
[
S - 2 < - 2 fun.,;-l.r~ -1
a1

S-

-I JJ -1

Cf

!I

( 1.21)0.333<

"t.,.-

!I

2
2

0.403<a~ 5 3.63

<(1.21)3

Because tlte vaJue one is oontained ,.,;thin this inten'al, tJ!.cre is oo significant differeooe: in the \'ftrianoes.

.,. 1

>. -

b)

a2
ltl

=J~

= 15

0=0.05

COOrt VU (o)wdiod = 0.3.5 tltenfl!.epowen- ~ = 0 .6.;

al

<:)

~=O.O.;ando:~.=otf 2sotJ!.at ~ = 2 andn=31

2

105.5 s) 1) The parametersofirrt:'!rest are the time to assemble standard de\ia tiom,o1P 2

=a;

2)

H0 : a~

3)

H, : a 12 = a 22

4) T!be test statis tic is

s?
/, =-1

s?

11 I = 25

6)

n2 = 21

sl =

0.98

s~ =

1.02

/, - (0.98 )2 -0.9 23
0
( 1.02)2
7) Conclusion: Because 0.365 < 0 .9~ < ~.86 (sil to reject tf!.e nullllypotlt.c.s.is. Tf!.-ere is not sufficient evick:noe to support t~.-ecla im that men
and womendifrer in repeatability for tJ!.isassemb!ytaskat W.e 0.02 Jt'\oel ofsignificance.
ASSUMPTlONS: Assum-e thst tf!.e two populations are i ~t and normally distributed.
b) 98?f,oontidmce ioten'<ll:

.,.2

(0.923)0.36 55 -+ < (0.923)2.8 6

a

a2

0.336 9 5 -+ < 2.6 40

"2
Because the vall!.(' one is ocmtained "-ithin this intenosl, there is no significant di fferet:~Ce betv;am th-e \'arianoe of t~.e repeatabilityof men and ,~omen for
tlt-e assembly task at a !!'%s.ignificanoe le-.oel.

10 .')7. a ) 90% oonfidence inter\'aJ for the r<~ti o ofvaria DOE$!

(OJ 5) J0.412 ~
[(0.40)
"'2

.,.r ~ [(0.35) ]2.33

b)

(1

0.6 004 ~ -

(0.40)

< 1.428

0'2

95% oonfi<ieoct i nter\'al:

( 0.3 S) ]0.342 < 0'~ < 0 35) ]2.8 2

[(0.40)
- ,. 2 - (0.40)

[<

"

1
0.5468 ~ < 1.5710

(12

The 95'% oonfidence inten:a.J is wider th.an tf!.e 90'% oonfid.cnce interva!.
c) 90'% loh'er-~Si dedoonfi dence intet\'al:

[;,s; 1~-ct.n,-1.11~-1 <a;"~

(OJ S>)o.soo <a~
[(0.40)
-

0'2

u;

0.438

<--';-

Ho . a 2l= u22

'J )

. a,2

0.6 6 I ~ - 1
a2

a 2-

1059 1) Tt.c parameters of interest arett.c melting \'S.riances.

2)

(1

n;,a;.

::& 0'2

4) Th.e teststatistic is

5) Rejt\."1 the null llypotf!.esis iffo < fo .9].;..20;:l:Owherefo.9 ].;..20;:l:O = 0 40.;8or fo > fo .o :i.;.l0.-20 w~.erefo.02,5.20.:l:O = :l:46for a=
o .o.;.

Condusion: Because0.<~0.;8 < 1.78 < :l:46fail to reject the null hypothes.is. Thepopulation\osriancesdonotdiftCr a t tf:.e o.o.; IE'\~
of significance.
7)

10-61. 1)

The parametersofint::rest are theo\W.all distance standard df!'\iations.o 1.o-2

Ho.

2)

"'I

= a2

3)
4)

Tlteteststatisticis

=-1

s2

.;) Reject t~.e null hypotf!..('Sis iffo </.0/~7.;,<).9 = o .~S or fo >!0.02,5.9.9 = 4.03 (or a= o.o.;

6)

n1

10

"2 -

s,- 8.03

10

s2

10.04

f. - (S .OJ)"' -0.6 40
0

(10.04) 2

7) Conclusion: Because 0.-248 < 0 .6.10 < 4.fJ4 fa il to reject the null hypotlbes.is. There is oot sufficient E'\idenct t!tat tlbestand:ard
<ieviationsoftt.e.over.aJI dista1XlSoftho: two brands differ a t tt. eo.o.; level ofsignificaDCe.95'%oonfidenoe interval:

2
1
]l,...,n.n-l.n
-I
<
"
2
s
':n

[s~
2

(0.640)0.248 <

<[s~s- ]/<J/2~ -l.n-1

2

(12

.,.2

0'2

0.159 -< - 1? -< 2.57 9

u-

-t < (0.6 40)4.03

"

0.399 < - 1 < 1.606

A 95% Joweroonfidenci: bound on tf!.e ratio ofstandardde\ia tio"O$ is gi~o by

a2
Be::ause lf!.e \'aJue one is oontai ned "'ithin this interval. there is oo significant difference in lf!..o: \'aria noes of the dista ooc.; a t a 596 significa I'A."f: level.

2)
3)
4) n.eteststatistic is

S) Reject tf!..e m!.ll ~.)pGIM.s.is iffo <f..o.9J5,14.14 = 0.3$ or fo >fo .O:tj.l4.l4 = 3 for a= o.o.;

6)

111 -

15

n2

j~-

s12 - 0.008312

15

s2' -0.00714''

1.35

7) Cooclu:s.ion: Eklcsuseo.,m < 1.3.5 < 3 fail to reject t~.e null hypothesis. There is not su.fficient e~.i denceth:a t there is a difference in the
\"aria noes of the weig Itt measurements ~eeo tr.e l\..-o slt.ects of paper.
9.;%oonfideooe intmoal:

Be::ali:Se t.hevah;,eone isoontainedv.ithinthis interval. th.ert is no significant difference in the variances.

10-6.;. a) 1) Tlte paNimetersofinterest aret.het:tch-ratevariant'('.$, U 1 ,a2 .

2)

H ..

'J).

H I ' q zl =

2
2
17, = 172

tT22

4) Tlte teststatistic is

6)

nI = 10

n2 = 10

s,= 0.422

s2 = 0.23 1
/, =
0

(0.422l
(0.231)2

3.337

7) Conclusi on: Because 0.248 < 3.337 < 4.03 fa iJ to reject t.f!.e ncJJ hypothesis. Tf!.ereis oot sufficient e-.idence that th-e etch ra te
\'arianoesdiffer at tlw!o.o.; la'E:I ofsignificance.

b) With).=

.J2 = 14/1 =0 .10

not beadec!.uste.

aoda = O.b.;, we find from CJ!.artVll {o) tt::atll 1 =

n2 = I00. T~uerefore. t.hesample;ofs.ize: 10 would

b)

188
=
= 0.752
P, 250

p = 245 = 0.7
2

. .
p, - p2

350

188+245
0.7217
p = 250+350

Test statistic is z 0 =-;=..:.b~'===~ where

- p. ) [ -I
p(l

+- I

/Jl

"2

0.052

zo =

1.4012

--,--------~--~

(0.7217)(1-0. 72 17

>[-2501- + -3501-)

P-\'Sh.lf: =ll - fV- < l40l.2)J .. l - 0 .9194 = 0 .080(,

95'% IO\'fet oonfidmoe interval oothed:ifference:

(pI - p)
- za
2
(0.052) -1.6 5 0.7 52(~~00.7 52)+ 0.7(~~00.7) 5. P,- p2
- 0.008 55. p 1 - p2
c) Tlte P-vsluo: = 0.0806 is less thana= 0.10. Therefore, we reject t!"~ null hypotl",S.isthat p1 - P::l: = 0 s t tJ!.e 0.1le11el ofsignificance. (fa=
o.o.;. t.be P-vsh.lf: = 0.0806 isgre.1ter tt..sna = 0A)5 and we f.s iJ to reject tlte null hypot.besis.

H)-6!). a) 1) The paNmctersof interest .srethe proportionofmters in favor ofBush\'S tlto:se in f.s,-cr of Kerry. Pl and P::l:
:!:) Ho :pl : }):):

3) H1:P1iM_

4) Teststatisticis

5) RejilCl tt.e null ~.ypot.J!...-sis ifzo < -Z.O.O!!..S or t.o '> .1.0.0 25 wkere .1.0.0 25 = 1.<)6 for a= o .o.:;.
x 1 =tOn

6) n 1 = :x:t20
Xi= 9:}0

= 107 1+ 930 = 0.49 5

p 2020+2020

i>, = 0.53

z = r====o;.;;.5;.;;3....;0.;..4;.;;
6= = =7 = 4.4 5
0

0.49 5(1 - 0.49 5)[

2~20 + 2~20

7) Coochz.sion: Becatse:445 > 1.96 reject th.e nu.ll hypntlt.esis andocmc:h<.de)\"S there is a significant differmce in the proportions a t th.e
011.) Jeo.'el ofsignific.snce.
P\'<lln<: = 2h- P(Z < 445)) ., o
b)

95'%confid-enoe intervaJ on tlt.i!differm::e:

'( I

P1

')

P1

' (I
+ P2
-

' )

Pz < _
<( _ ) +z
- P1 P2 - P , Pz
,n

0.039 < p1- p2 5. 0. 1

lkcat:M! this inter\'sJ does oot oontain t~..e\'ah:.e wo. \<,;esrey,;%oonfident there is a difference in th.e proportions.
JOi1. a) 1) The p:~.rnmetersof interest are tlt.e proportion ofsati.sftlctory lcns.e.;,p1 andp2_.
:!:) Ho :pl : }):):

3) H1 : Pl 'IJ':!:
4) Test statistic is

where

6) ~ =jOO
X:):: 19{)

p, = 0.653

i>, = 0.843
z0 =

0.8 43- 0.6 53

p = 253+196 = 0.748
300+300

-,---=,;;_...;.;.;.;.;;,___~ =

0.748(1- 0.748)[ 3 ~0 + 3~0 ]

5.3 6

7) Conclusion: Becstl.Sil$.36 > :!:,sS reject t.h.e null hypothes.isandooncludc ~u t.h..erc is .a significant difference in th.e fNictionof
polisHI~ i ndll.ttddd'ects produced byt.J!.e h-.o polishing soll!tionsat t.J!.ediJl lt'\d ofsignificance.
P\'Sloo= .:!:!1- P(Z < 5,16)J = 0

b) Byeonstructi~ a 99%oonfideooe interval ontt.edifference in proportions, tltesamcquestioncan beallS\'oerOO bywbet~.cr or not zero is
oontaioed in Ow intcr\'al.

U)-J.'j.

x 1=

a) SE Mean1 = /

s,

2.23

= ----r':" =

""'

I 1.87

0.50

v20

s~ = 2.23 '

x2 = 12.73

nI = 20

n,=20

Oegrcesoffrtedom = n1 't:l- :l =.20- ~ = 38

2

( " ' - l)s, +( "z - l)s2

sp =

t =

(x 1 - x?) -

~.

n,

"2

- +-

s
p

(20 -1)2.23 +{20 -1)3.19 = 2.7522

20+20- 2

( - 0.8 6 )

2.7 522~ 201 + 201

= - 0.9 8 8 I

P\'8llle = 'liP(r < -0.9881)1and.:t(O.lO) <P-vaJu < 2{0.::!.:;) = o .~o <P-vallle < os
The9.:;% n\o-sidcl confidence inten 'tll: Iaj:!..ltr n2-2 = ro.02,5,38 = '2.0~

( x, -

xz)- Cz.
{l/

-2sP -n +-n- < JL,- 1'2 < (x,- xz) +t 9~-: sP

'~~:
.

(- 0.8 6 ) - (2.024)(2.7

_I +- n
n
1

522)~; 0 + ; 0 <J.I, - JJ.z <(- 0.86) +(2.024)(2.7 522)~; 0 + 2~

- 2.622< JL,- !Lz <0.902

b) This is l\'fo-sided test breause t.Maltemati\'E: hypotltes.is is p:1 - Jt2 oot = o.

c) Bcc:au.se: tft.e0.20 < P-vsll:e < o,s and: t~.-e P-vah.~i: >a= o.o.; we fa il to reject t~.e null hypotf!..('Sisat ttoeo.o.; l\'tl ofsignifiestn. rfa=
0.01. weaJso fai l to reject t~.e nllll hypot.hes.is.
10 75. a) Assumptions tf!..at must bt met are nonnaJity. ~-caJityofvariaoce, and i rxiependeooe ofthe obsetvatiol'6. Nonnalityand t!qu.aJityof
varianofS appear to be re.'lson.'lble from the oonnaJ probability plots. TJ!.edata appear to fall a long straight lim and t.J!.es.lopesappear to be
th-es.ame. rndepeodmoe of t~.-e observations for each sample is obtained if ra nd.om sampits are selected.

Normal Probability Plot

Normal Probabilit y Plot

.m

'
'
'
'
'
'
'
.99 ---~~-. -:--- --:--~- -;- ----:-----:-- --~
'
'
'
'1
t:;- .99 ---..' ~--- .. --~~ ..' -~--.----~.-----.---...
.ss . -:----:--~--:----:-~-~~:-----:--~-: l

"="'

~ .80

.0

:a

---~~---~--~-~-~-------,

:~ ~-~r~ ~~~~~~~~-~-~:~~~~~~~~~~r~~~~:l
.001

~-

-...'

~--

.,.' ..

'

.'

14

IS

~-

'

'

16

17

'

18

.20
.OS

-.

'

19

-- f- -~ -:--- -~

-~-~--~---~---~~-~ ---'---~----~

.00

-~

.so
.o>

' -- ..'
..' -.' --- .,.'.. ---.-.
.

0
~

a.

- --~~-. _;. __ --~-~ ;. --- .: --.:-- -- ...

.Ql

rn

' -~~ .;. ~~~-~ -:- -- ~:- ---:-- --~

.OS

.99 - ~- ~ --~---~---~----~. -- ~. -- ~- ---~ .I

.9S ~-:~-~~r---~---~----~---f--~~- --~~
I
o
I
+
o
o
L- o
.80 -. ~ -'" --- r--- ,--- -r - t~ .._......,., - - r

.0

-:--:

~-:~- ~~r---~---~----~-

'

'

..---r

'

'

~ -:~- J_,~+::-~=-~~~--~. --f.--~--- ~:- j

Oo

~r-r---,----r

~-- ~~~---

or -.
-..
o
-.
r

~-.--~-r---r---,----r~

-~

-~

-r~

'
I
i
I
I
.. ---~----. . . . . t --i
I
I
I
I
I

-~.

. g. . . . . . .
I

.
I

20

'

9-hout

10

11

12

13

14

lS

1-hour

A'ltr~ lG.lSSii
StOtv: l..Oil9C9

""

b) X1 =16-36
SJ

X::! =ll48;l

= -2.07

~ = 2,37

n2=6

n1 =9

s =
p

8(2.07) +5(2.37/ = 2.19

JJ

1 1
t_,.
+n - 2 (s ).- +- </L1(x1- x?)
w - JI, .
p
n, 112
1.

(16.36 - I I .48 3)- 3.012(2.19

Jt2 <(x 1-

x?)+t
..n _?(s)
_.
w .n, -t~~! - . p

_I + ,,

112,

)~~ + ~ < JL,- I"z <(16 .36 - I 1.48 3) +3 .012(2.19 )~~ + ~

1.40<

,.,-,,2< 8 .36

<:) Yes, weare9!)%oonfident the results from t.J!.e first test oooditioocxcood the res-c.!tsoftlteseoond testoortiJtion btcau.setf!.eoontldettt

inten'al contains only positive\'Slues.

2/

d) 9.s%oonfid-cnceinterva!tortT 1
?

"-'.
a;., .

9.s%oonfidenoe in1mal on

frm
5JJ =
. . ..
5

a 22

= - - = 0.207 5,/002 ,$ 5 = 6.7 6

fo.oos52 4.8 2
. - ..

2
s,
.
- f.

s;

2
2u,
s,
< - < - ,.
o.9'7 s.s.s - ., - ., Jo.o2s..s .s
u; s;

]<6 .76 J
[ 5.64.28317 J(o.2075)s"~a; s[4.283
5.6 17
a,
0.1582 < - <5.157
2

a-

e) 8ecsuse IJ!.e\'Silleone isoontainedwithin tl.is intervaJ, U..e population,>ari.anoesdo oot diffo:rata .;;%sig:nificanoe le".t:l.

1077 a ) 1) Tf!.eparometer of interesti s theme<~ o weiglt.tl oss.lld

where lli = Initia l Weig.ltt - Final Weiglt.t.
2)

fl<> : Jid=3

3) Hl:#d>3
4) T}!.et est statistic is

- d -6..

to - sd l ..[,;
.S) Reject H(J iff() > lo.n- 1 wlt.-m: 1<.1.0.'; .7 = l.B<},sfor a= 0.05.
6)

d = 412.5

t
0

= 4. 125 - 3 = 2.554
1.246 / Ts

7) Conclusion: Booat:Se ~;554 > 1.89.5. reject tft.e m:ll hypotltesisand oonclu<k:tJt.e 8\'f:Nigeweig~.t loss issignificantlygr-eater than3at
Q

b) 2)

= o.o.s.

fl<> :Jid=3

3) H1 :1Jd>3
4) The test statistic is

5 ) Reject H.., iff() > la.o -1 ,.,.lter-e to.01,7 =- ~.'!)98 for a= 0 .01.
6)

d = .!>.;

I = 4.125 - J = 2.5 54
0
1.246 / ../8
7) Conclusion: Booat:Se ~;554 <~.998. fai l to reject t~.e nllll hypot.be.s.is. 'O.e 8\'f:tageweigM loss is oot significaotlygrester t~.an3a t a=
0.0!.

Ho : 1/d=.S

c) :l)

;l) H1: #d>.S

4) The test statistic is

5) Reject H.., iff() > fa.o - 1 wlter-e to.o 5 7 = 1.8<}.5 for a= o.o.s
6)

d = .!>.;

t = 4.125- 5 =- 1.986
0

1.246/ Ts

7) Conclusion: Booat:Se -1.986 < 1.89.;. fa iJ to reject W.e null hypotJt.;esisandoonclndethat tlte&\'tl'age \~cight Joss is not significantly
gri".iitcr than.;ata = o .o.;.
d ) 2)

fl<> 'Jid= 5

;l) H1:#d>.S

4) Tr.e test statistic is

.S) Rcjo::t Ho if to> 'a.o-l w~.erefo .o 1 ,7 = ::!.~fora= 0.01.

6)

d = .!>.;

t = 4.125- 5 =- 1.986
0

1.246 / Ts

7) Conclt:s.ion: Bec:au.se -1.986 < ~.99$, fa il to reject tlbe null ~)'J)Otlte.sisaodoonchtde th:ea\..-:ragewcig.ltt loss is oot significantly
grcster titans a t a= 0.01.

1079 a ) l) T)..,e p<~tilmetersofintcrest are flt.e proportions ofchildren wlt.ooontract polio.p1.p:!.

l H,:p,=p
3) Hl:P1~P~
4) Tf',,e_ teststatisticis

zo = -r===p~'bl~pd2~==7
p( J-

6)

' = .3_ =

p1

11

I I O = 0.00055
201299

x.,

33

"2

2007 45

p2 =~=

p)[-' +-'
11 1

IJ2

(Placebo)

= 0.00016

(Vaccine)

0.00055 - 0.00016
z 0 = --,----.....;;==__;==----..,.= 6 .55
0.000356( 1- 0.000356)[

201299

2007 45

7) Becatse 6-55 > 1.9()l'f'ject Ho andoonclnde the proportion of childrenwltooonttilcted-polio is significantlydifferent a t a= 0.05.
b) a= O.Ol

Reject H() ifzo < -Zaj:!OT.l.c) > Za/2 W~Zaj2 =~._'iS. Still Z0 = 6,s.;.
Bf:eause(,,s.;. > ~,sB. reject Ho and oonc:lude the proportion ofcbildrenwlt.ooontracted polioissigniJicantlydifferentat a= OiJl.
c) Th.eoonclcsion;a.reflt.e same OOcause:r.o is so large it exceeds 'l.a/2 in OOtbcases.

'8 7
1500

X
310
P?= ....1.
=--= 0.2583

p = -1 =-J- = 0.258

I 0-81.

(0.258 - 0.258

I 200

0.258(0.7 42) +0.2583(0.7 41 7 )

1500
1200
p 2 :::; 0.0329

3) 1.9 6

- 0.0335 < p 1 -

lk<:ausezero isoontained intllis inten 'tll, t!ttte is nosignificantdi:ffcri!llOC bctwem the proportions of unlisted numbers in tlt.e 1\~oci ti esa t a s%
significaooe le>.l:l.
b) zat~=zo .o5 =1.6S

0=.
2 :5...:8'-'.(0.:..:.7_ 4.:.2:::!.) +-'0 =2:...:
.58'-"3"-'
(0"-.7_4c;.l7....!..)
(0.2 58 - 0.258 3) I.6 5. 1..::
1500
1200
- 0.028 2 :::; p 1- p2 :::; 0.027 6
Tile proportions ofunlisted numbers in tf!.e two cities do not significantlydiftf:r a t a s%significa-oc-e le\l:l.

c)

77 4
3000

p =-1 =--= 0.258

I

11
1

X
6 20
p2 = ....1.
=--= 0.2583

n2

2400

95Wi oonfidence: interval:

(0.258 - 0.258 3) 1.9 6

0.258(0.7 42)
3000

+0.258 3(0.7 417)

0.258(0.7 42)
3000

+ 0.258 3(0.7 41 7)

2400

- 0.0238 < p 1 - p 2 < 0.0232

90~oonfide~ interval:

(0.258 - 0.258 3) 1.6 5

2400

- 0.020 I :::; p 1 - p 2 :::; 0.0 I9 5

( nc:rcssi ng tJ!.e sample siu: dec:reased tr.e '~dth of tf!.e oonfideooe iotervals. but did not change tlte ooDclllSion;. dr-awn. The ooDclllSion remain; tltat tlt.o:re
is no significant differeoce.
tO..Sj. a) Yes. tMreoould be some bias in tr.e resultsdtr.e to tf!.etelephonesurvcy.
b) (fitoould bes.hown that tlt.ese populatiorGaresimiJar to tlte respondents. the results maybe extendEd.

10-8$. X 1 = 3'1).87 X 2 = j0.6S

01 = 0 .10 ~ = 0 .1,5
01=1:!
0:)_ =10
:a) 9()% Mo..sidi'doonfidenoe inter\'al:

(0 10) 2 (0 15)2
(0. 10) 2 (0.15/
"
+ " O < 1,- 1":! S (30.8 7 - 30.6 8) + 1.6 45,p..:.:..:..:.!._ + IO
(30.8 7 - 30.6 8) - 1.6 45
12
1
12
0.098 7

SJ; - ~<0.28 1 3

Wear-e91)5Wioonfident t~.at the me<~o fill volume for machioe 1 exooods that of machine 2 by between 0.0987 and 0.:!813 fl .m.
b) 9.5% Mo-s.idOO oonfid(!OOC interval:

(30.87 - 30.6 8) - 1.96

0.08 12

(O.II~/ + (O.i:)

<

1,_ ,,2

2
(0.10)
+ (0.15i
< (30.8 7 - 30.6 8 )+ 1.96
12
10

s "'' - '":! < 0.29 9

Wear-e9,s'%oonfident that tlt-c mesn fill \'Oiwnc for machine 1 o:coods t.r.at of machine:! bybetween 0.0812 aod 0.:!99 O.oz.
Compari.sonofparu (a)s.nd(b): As U..e levcl otoonfideooe ioc:reasr.s. IJ!.einterval "'idthalso io...~(~i th all otlter \'a lues J>.eldoonstant).
<:) 9.5% upper..s.id.."C! oonfideoce interval:

(0.10/
12

(0.15) 2
10

,.., - ~-'2 < (30.87 - 30.6 8 )+ 1.6 45,/"-~'-- +-'------'-

1,- p2 < 0.28 I 3

With 9s'%oonfideooe. the fill \'Oiume for machine 1 o:ooods th:e fill \t>lum-cofmacJtJoe:! by no moro: than 0.2813 fl.oz.
d) 1) Tlto: patt~mcter of interest is IJ!.edifferenoe in mean fjU \'Oiumev1 -vz
2)

Ho : v1-112 =Oorvl =112

j) Hl:P1-W.!:OOt #l"'#2
4) The test statisti<:is

(x - x.,) -~ 0
1 ...
2
.,
(!

a"

- ' +_1.
nl
n2

,s) Rejtd Ho ifzo < -Zo.f-'1. = -1.9()or 1{) > Za/'l = 1. for a = o .o,s
6) X1 =$0.87 X 'J.=j0.68
OJ= 0 .10

0:)_ = 0 .1,5

n1 = 1:! na:.. 10

z0 =

(30.87 - 30.68) = 3.42

(0.10) 2 + (0.15)2
I2
10

7) Elecilusej > 1.96 reject IJ!.e null hypotlw.s.iss.nciocmc:lude IJ!.e mean fill \'Oiumt.iofmachioe Janel macJt.ine i differ significantlya t
a=O.O,s.
p.,'SJne = 211.(34:!)] = :!{1-0.99969) = o .ooo6:!

e) Assumethes.:tmplesiusareto bef!G.U::8l, use a= o .o,s. ll = 0 .10.aod<1 = 0 .20

8 .53, n = 9, use o, = n, = 9

10-87. a) l) Tlte parameters of interest are: tft.e proportion of lenses that are unsatisfactoryafter tnmblepolishing,..p1 ,p~.
l ) fi():pl=M_

3) Hl:pli.J)l
4) Th.e test statistic is

5) Reject H() if~ < -Z<zj2 orzo > Z<z/2 WltereZaf2 = 2.)8 for a= O.OJ.
6) x 1 = numbcrofdefec:ti\'elenses

p= xI +x2

47
300

p = -1 = - = 0.1567
I

11
1

0.2517

n1 +n2

X
104
p2 = ...1.=
- = 0.3467
"2

300

z0

0.1567 - 0.3467
=.--------:----~=
- 5.36

0.25 17(1- 0.25 17)[ 3~0 + 3 ~0 ]

7) Conclusion: Because -.:;,36 < -2.;8 reject Ho andoonclude tbere is strong. evidence to support tlteclaim IJ!.st tlbe 1\-\'0 polishing
fluids are different.

b) Tlbe oooc:h:sions are the same whetJ!.er we ana lyu t~.e data u.sing IJ!.e proportion unsatistilctoryor proportion satisfactory.

r2.57 5
c)

(0 9

+0 6 ~(0.I + 0.4) +1.28J0.9(0.1) +0.6(0.4)

11 =

=
II =

(0.9 - 0.6)2
5.346
0.09
60

59 .4

10-89. a) No

Normal Probability Plot

Normal Probability Plot

'' ---------- ''t----- --- ---,-1

''
,-;, .99 f------------ t------ ------i-1
=
,-- ---------- t----- --- ---,-1
:;; .95
.. .80 :-----------:----- -------~--1
.0
------------------- --- ____ . _.

E .so

a.. .20

'

-~------------

?;- .99-

--1-----------i-----------t --- --

--.

--.-r------
'
------.-----------r-------

a.. .20- -"I"--------:~...-------'

-OS
r-~~
T-'

---~-
---1-

- .

.so- --~----------.!----------~
'
'
'

"8...

---~-

'

.01- --.----------- .. -----------.. ------.00~ - ... --------- -~---- ------ -~---- ----

'I

24:4

'

-,-----------,-----------r-----:--

.0
:~

'

---------,---------.
---------------- - ------

'

.95- --~-----------l-----------1------ ..-'

'
'
.80-

:=

,--.-- .!. ---------:-

'
.OS - t -.01 _, ______________ , __________
'
.001 'I
!
23.9

'

.99~ - -~--- --------1-----------1---------

'

24.9

me rcedes
Awr.~~ Z4.G7
StO~ 0.30Z030

AIY.Ie...-~Oa'lh;l

NOI'l!Uhy lut
A>Sq.ured: 0334
I>..YJ\:oe: 0.011

N! 10

b) The normal probabilitrplots indicate t!tat t lbcdats follow ootllUII di.stTibutio~ bec:an.s.etltedata a ppear to fa ll along a .straight line. The
plots also indicate that thevsrianoe.sappe.'lr to beequaJ be<:au.se tles.lope.;appear to be tt.esame.

Normal Probability Plot

..

.'

Normal Probability Plot

.'

.'

.'
'
.'
.'
------:------:---1
--------l------.r .. - .. . ....... .,....----... .. . . . ..
~ .so -- --!--- .-- ---
e --r. --- -l-------:----- ---:---.
.
.
'
'
.
.
'
'
..'
..'
.'
.'

' -----.------.,.------,-----'
'
'
- ;---;' ..1

r-,'t- .....,.........,.
-r---,--"1---,
'
'
'
' .......,.
'

.99

~ .95

1:
-

.99 -:- ------- : ------- : ------- :- .

-~--------'-------J.

-----{r-.20
"T"-

.001

-.------------..-'
. .

.
------.-.
---- ------.
-----:-

-~

--~----

a. .20

-----~

.<:6 -

--------~---------.---------.----

.0 1 r -~-----.-----.-
.001 -------- ...................... .

' --- -~'

.... ---- --- ----- 4--- -- ---l4.5

--~-- ~ -

.!!0 .

__________ ..

""!" .,- - - o

..

>. .99 --~--------!

~ .95 ....

39.5

l4.6

40.5

41.5

volkswag

42.5

MdcJ- .owi M 1'4onM\1y

A..s.c..:-.ar. t 0.440
PN!lf ~~t~:

;.u.~

~30

c) Byoorr:ting th.edats points, it is more app.:~rcnt t~.e da ta follow normal distributions.. Note that one tmn.sn:al obs.enationeancauseao
analyst to reject tlte nonlU'liitya.ss-..>mption.

d) 95'%oonfidenoe intenoal on tlte ratiooftltevariaooes. a r

s;; =
?

I aM

~.9M25 = 4.03

1.49

s4J = 0.0204

19.9.9? 5 =

= - = 0.248
4-03
9 ,9 ,0.025

f.

- 22]l 9.9.0.9'15 <"'2 <'~ [- 22]/,9.9.0.025

~ 2
Sy

[s_lt/

9
l.4
[ 0.0204 ]o.248

(1 ._.

Sy

aM

SM

49
<(]~ <[0.0204
]4.03
1.

(72
M

(72

18 .114 <--f-<29 4.35

qM
Because tlte interval does oot include thevalneone. we reject lite hypotJo..r.sis that variabilityin mileage p..."'tform.a~ is t.Jo.e same for lite two types of
Volksw-agen than for a Merood.es.

\~.icl es. T!teN: i.sevidenoethat iJ..e variability is gr~ ter tOr a

'

e) 1) Tt:-.eparamctetsofinterest aret.lte \ariancesinmileage performance.

(12 (12
I' 2

.
?
?
Ho: a j = a;:wttereVolkswage:ni.s rq>tesentedbyvsriance!,Mereedesby\'8rianoe::!.
.
?
?
3) H 1 : a j ::e a;
::!)

4) Tlo.eteststati.stici.s
?

fo = -';s"
2

-,--'--=0, = 0.248rorn=o.os
4. ,

(,) .S)

= l .~

n1 =tO

S::!_ = O.t<f3
n~ = 10

?2?

f. = ( 1.- ) "
0
(0.143) 2

72.78

7) Conclnsion: Because 7~.78 > 4.03 reject Ho aOOoooclude that there i.sa significant differeooe betv;ren Volks\1.-agenand Me:roedes in
terms of mileage: \"aria bility. Tl-.e .same ooocln.sions. a-re reacl!OO io part {d).

10--91. a) Tlt.eassumptionof normalityappears to be reasonable. This is f:\idcnt byth.c fact that the data liealong a straigltt line in tJt.e
normal prob.lbilityplot.

Normal Probabilit y Plot

-----.------

------.--------:-

.99 - ;' - '

-;'
'
'
'
.99
1
0
I
I
0
r------,-------;------,--------~ .95
I
'
I
'
I
------.,-----------,.0 .80 - .,----__ .. _______,' ____ _

.
-r-------,-------,-------,-------,--~-

"' .so

.0

.20
.OS
.0 1
.00

--------------~-

'
. - ;' ---,------ - ;' - ------,-------,'
'
. - ., ------ ' ------ .,' ---- -- - ------...' ' -- -- -- ..' ---- ---,-- -----, . - .. -------,-

.-

--

'
. - r----- ------- '

~-

--- -- ---- --- -..,'

diff
Aveuge: ..0.222222
StOev: 1.30171

Al'\dersoo~ ling

P-V:We: 0 .128

N: 9

b) 1)

N-oon3l ty Tes L

A -$Qv3t'E!d: 0 .526

n..e parameter ofinterest is t~.e meandiffeN!oce in tip hardness. Pd

') f!,:~~,t=O
j) H1:1ld+.O
4)

Theteststatisticis

.;) Since oosigniflcanoe le'\oel is gh-.m. \\e \\ill calculate P-\'8lne. Reject Ho iftft.e P-\'8lne issig.nificantlysmaJI.
6)

d = -O .:l~

= - 0.222 =- 0.5 12
0
1.30 / Ji

P-\oaJne = :tP{r < - O,Sl.:l) = :tP{r > O,Sl.:l)and :l{O.:l..;) < P-vslne < :1{040 ). Thn.s, o,so < P-vahw: < 0.80
Conc:hJS.ion: El:ansc the P\'alne is lsrger thanoommon lc>.oelsofsig.nificanc:e. t8il to reject Ht, andoonclnde there is no significant
difference in mean tip h:atdness.
7)

c)

IS= 0.10

lid= l

d =-' =-' = 0.769

qd
1.3
From Chart Vtl (0,-rith. a= 0 .01. n = 30

10-9;3. a) The data from both dept.hsap))i'llrto be normaUydistribt<ted. but tt.eslopesdo oota ppcar to becqu.al. Therefore. it i.s not

reasonable to.:tss-umetbat

2-

a 1 = a2 .
Nonnal Probabilitv Plot br sur~ ce. .. bctl!:m
ALErim~~

.,
,.
.,

~-+=t-)

Q.

I/

/.

"'

Il

"' - -tL
-- . /.
_Lc
0
5

~~~--+.! ~

- I
-

-~--- -

.
-.

Data

b) 1)Tite p:~.rameter of interest is the difference in mean HCB ooncentration.u1 - W.! '~ilh!lo = o.
:l)

fio : 111 -#'J=OOt #l =#:1

3)

Hl:IJJ-11-:!~0ot#liP:l

4)

n.ete:st.statisticis

5) Reject tt.e null hypoth:esis iff() < -ro.o:!:.5,1.; or to > ro.0-:1.5.1.; where ro.o:!:.5,1.; = -2.131 for a= o.o.;.Aiso

s
i
+s
i]
[n l nz
" = _
r~-'-~ ---=r~.f_
~:- =

-=r

15.06

-'--'-''- + ...!....0"-

ll - l

/l -1

"~

15

(nuncared)
6) X l=4.804 X :1=5.839
11:1=lO
11:1:10

7) Conclusion: Becat:.se -:1.74 < -1.131 reject the null 1\ypothes.i.s. ConrJtldethat the mean HCBoonoentration isdifti:rimt a t the f\~o
depths sampled a t tlt.e o.os level ofsignificance.
c) Assu.metf.e,-arianoesarecqual. Then:l = z,a.= o.o.:;.n = n1= 't:l = 10.n = :ln -1 = 19,sp = O,&fand d =

2
(0.S ) = 1.2. From
2
4

CJ>.art VIl(e)we find JS,. O:O,s.and then calcula te povrer = 1- JS = 0.9.:;.

d) Assl!melhevarianoo.sareeq-uai.Titen!l = t.a=o.o.;,n = tt1 = J't:l.n = :m- 1. ~ = O.J.sp = 0.84,. and d =

C~.artVU (e)wefiodn=.:;Oand ll =

50+1
2

2).5 .son=26.

2(0.8 4)

0.6. From

10-95.
0'2
1
-

_
_
a 2 a.,2
1
TJ!.e Jl( X - X ) = +......::..
1
2

andsnpposetltis is to equal a oonstantk. TJ!.i:n, wearetominimit.eC1n1 +C2n::~_ snbject to

n, ,.2

(12

+...1.. = k . Using a Lagrange multiplier, weminimiu bysetting t1bc p<~rtial <ieri\'ati\'eSof

;;,,:::,).) = C 1111 + C21l?

A[a~ +a; -kl,

II

II

ith res....,... ton

I"""'

I' a1xD oona)

'

1' ".!

to zero

'these equ.atiom a t'f:

{)

Au2

i)n

,-

- f(,1,n2,>.) = c 1- -+= o
1

(I)

>.u2
f(n n A) = C _ ____.1_ = 0
l' 2'
2.
{)n
,-.,

{)

i)

{)).

(2)

0"2

0"2

1 +...l. = k
f (n ,n ,\) = 1

(3)

2.

(12 (121
Uponaddi.ng ~lLII!i2~{l}and~~~""eobtaio CJ +C2 - >..[ u : + ,: = 0.
Stbstimtiog

fromt:g~t!~nJ.;)lenshles u.s tosol\'e for i.toobtein C, + Cz = >..

k

Then. ~~-tip~(l)and (::!) aresol\'ed for n1andn2 to obtain

, =
1

u~(C1 +C)
kCI

10-CJ7. a) a= IV-> ZtJI' Z < -za-elwmrrez h:asa standard oonnal distrib.:tion. Then, a= IV-> Ze)- JlZ <-za-el = e + a -e =a.

TJ!.e(l - n)oonfi denoe in1mal tbr rn(9)ron t:se the rela ti ons~,ip

b) Tlw(1-a )oonfi deooe intenosl for S can u..se t!bc Cl de\'elopedin part {a) where-0 = e"(ln{9))

~ H"/,)~

-Z

Oe

[ ~x,

n-x ~

...

4[ ,x, H,x,)J'''

50 <Oe

n-x

n - x,

c)

l .42e

_19j(IOG-27]+[ IOG-L9]]'"
j(IOG-27]J 100-19]11"'
l 2700 1900 < 0 < l.42e 191 2100 \ 1900 ~

0.519<0<3.887
Be::ause tlteoonfid"eoce intrn'Sl oontains the \'8lneone. weoonclude that IMte is no significant difference in th-e proportion; a t the9s%level of
sig:nificaooe.