PRACTICAL EXAM #9 ALKALOIDS

Pyridine-Piperidine Alkaloids
Name
Areca

Scientific Name
Areca catechu

Family
Arecaceae

Synonyms
Areca nut/ Bunga
Betel nut/palm

Part Used
Dried ripe seed

Constituents
Arecoline (liquid)
Guvacine

Uses
Antihelminthic taenicide
Masticatory

Pomegranate

Punica granatum

Punicaceae

Grenadier, Granada
Cartagenian apple

Dried bark of stem

and roots

Pelletierine
(liquid)

Antihelminthic
For hemorrhoids

Constituents
Atropine
Hyoscyamine
Scopoletin
Scopolamine
(hyoscine)

Uses
Antimuscarinic/
parasympatholytic
Antispasmodic
For urinary tract spasms
Antivertigo

Hyoscyamine
Hyoscine
(scopolamine)

Antiasthma cigarettes
Disorders of ANS
Can cause hallucinations/
euphoria
Antiasthma cigarettes
Antispasmodic

Tropane Alkaloids
Name
Belladonna

Scientific Name
Atropa belladonna

Family
Solanaceae

Synonyms
Deadly nightshade

Hyoscyamus

Hyoscyamus niger

Solanaceae

Henbane
Stinking Nightshade

Stramonium

Datura stramonium

Solanaceae

Jimson weed
Jamestown weed
Thornapple

Part Used
Dried leaf and
flowering/ fruiting
tops
Dried leaf with or
without stem
Flowering/ fruiting
tops
Dried leaf and
flowering/ fruiting
tops with branches

Talumpunay

Datura alba
D. metel
D. fastuosa

Solanaceae

Katsobong
Talongpunay
Thornampple

Dried leaves,
flowers, seeds,
fruits

Hyoscyamine
Hyoscine
Atropine

Constituents
Ditaine
Ditamine
Equitine
Quinine
Quinidine

Quinoline Alkaloids
Name
Dita

Scientific Name
Alstonia scholaris

Family
Apocynaceae

Synonyms
Tagitan
Dalipaoen

Part Used
Dried bark

Cinchona

Cinchona succiruba
C. calisaya

Rubiaceae

Red cinchona
Yellow cinchona

Dried bark of stem

or root

Uses
Effective substitute for quinine
Antipyretic
Antimalarial
Prophylaxis of cardiac
arrhythmias/ atrial fibrillation

Isoquinoline Alkaloids
Name
Hydrastis

Scientific Name
Hydrastis canadensis

Family
Ranunculaceae

Synonyms
Golden seal
Orange root

Part Used
Dried rhizome and
roots

Ipecac

Cephaelis acuminata
C. ipecacuanha

Rubiaceae

Cartegena/ Panama
ipecac
Rio/ Brazilian Ipecac

Dried rhizome and

roots

Constituents
Hydrastine
Beberine
Canadine
Cephaeline
Emetine
Psychotrine

Uses
Astringent for inflammation
Uterine hemorrhage
Used locally in GUI
Emetic
For amoebic dysentery

Uses
Formerly used as circulator
stimulant, rat poison
Respiratory stimulant
Barbiturate antidote
Same use as nux vomica/ Do
not substitute
Used in poison arrows
Used in labor to assist
delivery, reduce post-partum
hemorrhage
Miotic
Reverses effect of sedatives
For Alzheimers

Indole Alkaloids
Name
Nux vomica

Scientific Name
Strychnos nux-vomica

Family
Loganiaceae

Synonyms
Quaker/ dog button
Poison nut

Part Used
Dried ripe seed

Constituents
Strychnine
Brucine
Loganin

Ignatia

Strychnos ignatii

Loganiaceae

Dried ripe seed

Strychnine
Brucine

Ergot

Claviceps purpurea
Secale cereal

Clavicipitaceae
Poaceae

Dried sclerotium of
fungus on rye plant

Calabar bean

Physostigma
venenosum

Fabaceae

St. Ignatius bean/

poison nut
Catbalogan
Spurred rye
Cockspur rye
Rye smut
Ordeal Bean
Physostigma

Clavine
Ergometrine
Ergotamine
Physostigmine
Calabatine
Physovenine

Dried ripe seeds

R. J. Raynes 1

Imidazole Alkaloids
Name
Pilocarpus

Scientific Name
Pilocarpous jaborandi
P. microphyllus
P. pinnatifolius

Family
Rutaceae

Synonyms
Jaborandi
ibiratay
Arauda brava

Part Used
Dried leaflets

Constituents
Pilocarpine
Pilocarpidine

Uses
Antidote for atropine
poisoning
Miosis

Steroidal Alkaloids
Name
Veratrum
viride

Scientific Name
Veratrum viride

Family
Liliaceae

Synonyms
American/ Green
Hellebore
Tickleweed
Monkshood
Wolfshane root
Soldiers cap

Part Used
Dried rhizome and
roots

Aconite

Acontium napellus

Ranunculaceae

Constituents
Cevadine
Pseudojervine
Germine
Aconitine
Neoline

Uses
Hypotensive, cardiac depressant,
sedative

Family
Liliaceae

Synonyms
Autumn crocus
Meadow saffron
Naked lady

Part Used
Dried ripe seeds
and corms

Constituents
Colchicine

Uses
Anti-miotic
Antigout

Constituents
Caffeine
Trigonelline
Caffeol (aroma)
Caffeine
Theobromine
Kolatannin

Uses
Dietetic, stimulant
Diuretic
Treatment of CNS depressants
Stimulant in fatigue
ingredient in carbonated
beverages
Mild chronotropic
Weak stimulant, potent diuretic
Smooth muscle relaxant,
antioxidant
Stimulant
Astringent antioxidant

Dried tuberous root

Potent, quick-acting poison

Hypotensive
Formerly used in liniment for
migraine, headache

Alkaloidal Amines
Name
Colchicum

Scientific Name
Colchicum
autumnale

Xanthine Alkaloids
Name
Coffee

Scientific Name
Coffea arabica
C. liberica

Family
Rubiaceae

Synonyms
Caf
Coffee bean/ seed

Part Used
Dried ripe seeds

Kola

Kola nitida

Sterculiaceae

Bitchy/ Bissy nut

Kola nut

Dried cotyledon

Cacao

Theobroma cacao

Sterculiaceae

Chocolate
Cocoa bean

Dried ripe seed

Theobromine
Caffeine

Tea

Camellia sinensis

Theaceae

Tsha
Thea

Prepared leaves
and leaf buds

Caffeine
Theophylline
Theobromine

R. J. Raynes 2