Three phase fault analysis with auto reset technology on temporary fault or remain tripped

otherwise
Pritesh Kumar1
Vijayendra Kumar2
Department of Electrical & Electronics Engineering
Asia Pacific Institute of Information Technology
(Key words: Tripping, Timer, Transformer, Temporary Fault 555 Timer, Voltage regulator
(LM7805), Relays, Comparator, Transformer (230 V 12V AC))
Abstract
Since power demand is increasing rapidly in

India there is need to ensure high reliability

& stability of power supply. So automated

transmission system is 60-65 % time.

analysis approach is much needed which can

automatically

characterize

fault

&

subsequently perform the relay operation by

tripping the system is required in order to
safeguard the transmission system. There are
various method for calculating fault &
locating fault position but the researcher used
conventional

symmetrical

component

L-G fault occurrence of this fault in

L-L fault- occurrence of this fault in

transmission system is

3 line fault -occurrence of this fault in

transmission system is ----%

To overcome this problem a system is

required to be developed which can sense this
type of fault and can subsequently perform
relay operation ensuring no further damage.

method. The researcher has used SIMULINK

Concept of low voltage testing of fault

software( MATHLAB) to simulate different

condition is followed as it is not advisable to

operating & fault condition on high voltage

create on a mass line.

transmission line namely single phase to

ground fault, line to line fault, double line to
ground & three phase short circuit.
Fault
In India it is common to observe failure of in
supply due to fault that occur in transmission
or distribution. Fault might be the following:

Figure 1: different type of fault

Block Diagram

Relay (3CO) & 555 Timer

In the below shown block diagram six

3-contact electric relay are used for the

number of transformer are used to step down

proposed

the voltage to 12V. The output of transformer

transformer is (3-singlle phase) are rectified

is rectified & filtered using capacitor &

& filtered individually which is then fed to

diode. The output is given to 3 relay coil.

Relay.

system.

The

output

of

the

Figure 3: Relay
The NC contact of all the relay made parallel
while all the common point are grounded.
The parallel connected point of NC are given
to pin2 through a resistor R5 to a 555 timer
i.e. wired in monostable mode. The output of
the same timer is connected to the reset pin 4
of another 555 timer wired in astable mode.
LEDS are connected at their output to
indicate their status.

Figure 2: Block Diagram of circuit

This relay Q1 is 3CO relay i.e. is meant for

Hardware Description

disconnecting the load to indicate fault

Transformer

conditions.

Proposed system is built using six number of

Op-Amp LM358

12V step down rated 500MVA transformer.

Three

transformer

whose

primary

is

connected to three phase supply are wired in

star connection while the secondary is also
wired in star connection.

The output of the U3 555 timer from pin3 is

given to an Op-amp LM358 through wire 11
and d12 to the non-inverting input pin3,
while the inverting input is kept at a fixed
voltage by a potential divider RV2. The

voltage at pin2 coming from the potential

above the voltage fix at inverting terminal of

divider is so held that it is higher than the pin3

comparator, the output is continuously high,

of the Op-amp used as a comparator so that

which permanently ON the load relay, until

pin1 develops zero logic that fails to operate

capacitor discharge through reset button. The

the relay through the driver transistor.

voltage at inverting terminal is fixing by

using potential divider. 6; Push button: It is

Switch

used to create fault and it is placed at

To create fault condition i.e. (L-L, L-G, L-L-

secondaries of single phase transformers

G) push button or toggle switch are used.

LED
Voltage Regulator (LM78L05)
LED will be used to show the fault which will
Voltage regulator which is integrated circuit

occur in system such as line to line fault or

number is 7805. Normally 78xx series used

line to ground fault, etc. The system will

for the fixed linear voltage regulated ICs. it is

indicate that it has encountered fault by

used because the voltage from the voltage

glowing LED attached in the system.

source is not fixed its fluctuate so for the

fixed supply to the circuit voltage regulator is
used.

It has 3 pin, two is input and output

Advantage

Auto tripping mechanism can reduce

and the other is ground. 7805 voltage

the outage of time due to fault and can

regulator gives +5v supply.

provide continuous supply to the

consumer with less hindrance.

It helps to maintain system stability.

If system encounter fault it notifies by

glowing the LED or lamp.

Figure 4: voltage regulator

Comparators

Proposed system is reliable and cost

effective

The proposed system will help to

reduce the injury or death caused due

IC LM358 is used as a Comparator. Voltage

to line to ground fault in transmission

at inverting terminal is fixed by potential

line especially in short distance

divider. The capacitor C is connected

across pin 3 and pin 4. As capacitor charge

transmission line in urban area

making the system tripped.

The

proposed

system

References

will

Line fault detection & classification .

automatically respond to transient

fault making the power system to run

singh, manohar, 2011. Transmission

Ieee, 3, 6.

smoothly.

El-Harway, Mohamed E. Electrical

power system: design & analysis.

Future Scope

Bingyin, G. Yaozhong, B. J. Cory, J.

The above proposed model can be enhanced

R. G. Barker, Fault Location Based

by interfacing the GSM technology with the

on Travelling Waves, in Fifth

system which will send alert message to the

International

operating personal as soon as system is

Conference

on

Developments in Power System

encountered with fault condition. Interfacing

Protection, 2013, pp. 54-59.

G.S.M technology will tell he exact location

where the fault occurred by giving the

P. F. Gale, P. A. Crossley, X.

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analysis. 5th ed. delhi: willey india

latitude & longitude of the place.

edition.
Conclusion

IEEE Power Engineering Society

The research paper gives us some idea about

(PES), IEEE Guide for Determining

the model which is used to detect fault in

Fault Location on AC Transmission

transmission line. Switches are used to create

and Distribution Lines, IEEE Std.

fault condition while 555 timer & relay are

C37.114TM-2004.

used to analysis the fault condition in line.

K.

Zimmerman,

D.

Costello,

Short duration fault return supply to the lo9ad

Impedance-Based Fault Location

immediately after resolving the problem

Experience, in 2005 58th Annual

called temporary trip while long duration

Conference for Protective Relay

fault

Engineers, 2005, pp. 211-226

result

permanently.

in

tripping

the

system

J. Grainger , John, 2006. power

system analysis. 5th ed. delhi: McGraw hill.