STUDY ISLAND MCAS REVIEW

PHYSICAL SCIENCE
Assignment #8
Motions of Objects,
Heat Energy

What is MOTION?
An object is in motion if its position changes relative to a reference point
(a non-moving object). The observed motion changes when the
reference point changes.

DESCRIBING MOTION

Do you remember these words?

ACCELERATION is the
Speed
rate of change in velocity
VELOCITY is the
that means EITHER a
speed of an object
change in speed OR a
Velocity
in a given direction
change in direction per
unit of time.
Acceleration
SPEED is a rate how much
distance is covered per unit of time
Speed = distance time
The car is traveling at 100 miles per
hour.
It is usually calculated as an
AVERAGE speed for a trip = TOTAL
distance TOTAL time

Acceleration = (Final
velocity Initial velocity)
time

C. Average
Speed = total
distance total
time: 3m 6s =
0.5m/s
An escalator at a shopping mall is
10 m long and moves at a
constant speed of 0.5 m/s. If
Jose steps onto the escalator at
the bottom while it is moving, how
long will it take him to travel the
10m?
A. 5 s
B. 10 s
C. 15 s
D. 20 s

Graphing Motion
On a
DISTANCE/TIME
graph, constant
speed or velocity
is a straight line.
A STEEPER line
means a faster
speed; a LESS
steep line means a
slower speed. A
line that is curved
upward like the
green one shows
ACCELERATION,
increasing speed.

D. Bicyclist U as his
motion is the only
one with a straight
line.

The force of GRAVITY

All objects in the universe exert a
gravitational pull on every other
object. Objects with MORE MASS
have MORE GRAVITY. Objects
that are closer exert more
gravitational force as well.
Earth is so much more MASSIVE
than any other object on earth that
its gravitational pull is what we
observe when objects fall.

Do you remember the difference

between mass and weight?
MASS is a measure of the amount of matter
in an object and doesnt change from
place to place in the universe.
WEIGHT is the measurement of the
gravitational pull on an object, so it will
change if the force of gravity changes.

Newtons Laws of Motion

1st Law: INERTIA an object at rest stays at rest,
or an object moving at constant speed and
direction stays moving unless an unbalanced
force acts on it to change its motion.
2nd Law: F=ma force = mass x acceleration. If
you throw a ball harder (more force), it will
accelerate faster and go farther.
3rd Law: Action Reaction. One object exerts a
force on a 2nd object (action), and the 2nd exerts
an equal and opposite force back on the 1st
(reaction).

Force Diagrams show all the

forces acting on an object
GRAVITY

AIR RESISTANCE
(FRICTION/DRAG)

THRUST

LIFT

HEAT energy, also called

THERMAL energy is an example of
KINETIC energy do you
remember the difference between
POTENTIAL and KINETIC
energy???
Potential energy is stored energy or
energy of position, while KINETIC energy
is energy of motion the vibrating motion
of molecules in a substance.

TEMPERATURE is the average

kinetic energy of all the molecules
in a substance, where HEAT is the
total kinetic energy.
Temp =
90C
Temp =
90C

Mass
= 50g

Mass =
500g

The cup on the left has the SAME TEMPERATURE as the pan on
the right, but the amount of HEAT on the left is LESS as there are
fewer molecules of water.

Heat TRANSFER is a one-way road!

Warmer things always
transfer their heat to cooler
things. Cold things DO NOT
transfer their coldness they
GAIN heat from something
warmer, while the warm
object loses heat.

Heat is transferred by:

CONDUCTION
By touch one
particle
bumps into
or touches
another

CONVECTION
Heat RISES as
density is
lower, and
colder
substances
sink

OR

RADIATION
Heat travels
across space
in waves

INSULATORS help PREVENT or

SLOW heat transfer like insulation
in your home, a thermos or a cooler