Hardware and Software

Component Of An
Information System

Presented To:
Dr. Deepika
Upadhyaya

Presented By:
Purvi Dosi
MBA Part II
Sem IV

What is
Hardware?
Hardware is the physical
component that makes up the
computer.
Examples include the mouse,
keyboard, processor, monitor,
printer etc.
There are Four categories of
Hardware

Input Device
Input Device is a piece of hardware that
gets data from outside the computer
system into the computer system.
When we press a letter or digit key on a
key board, that character is sent to main
memory and displayed on the monitor.
Keyboard consists of three major parts:
main keyboard, keypads, and function
keys.
A mouse is a hand-held device used to
select an operation.

Processors (CPU)
Thecentral processing unitis the
most important hardware component of a
computer system.
It is known as the CPU, the
centralprocessoror instruction
processor, and the main microprocessor in
a microcomputer.
Coordinating all computer operations.
Performs arithmetic and logical
operations on data.

To process a program stored in main

memory:
- CPU retrieves each instruction in
sequence.
- Interprets the instruction to
determine what should be done.
- Retrieves any data needed to
carry out that instruction
- Then CPU performs the actual
manipulation.
CPUs current instruction and data
values are stored temporarily inside the
CPU in special high-speed memory

The CPU can be divided into two major

subunits which include:
- The Arithmetic-logic unit (ALU)
which performs the arithmetic and
logic functions required in processing
and
-The Control unit which interprets
computer program instructions and
transmits directions to the other
components of the computer system

Output Device
Output devices are used to supply
processed data.
The principal output devices are video
displays for soft-copy and printers for
hard-copy output.
Video Displays
Video displays are the most common
type of computer output. Most video
displays use a cathode ray tube (CRT)
technology. Liquid crystal displays
(LCD's) are commonly used for portable

Printers and Other Hard-Copy Output

Devices
After video displays, printed output is the
most common form of visual output for the
user interface. Most computers use printers
to produce permanent (hard copy) output in
human-readable form.
Impact Printers
Are printers that form characters and
other images on paper through the impact
of a printing mechanism that presses a
printing element and an inked ribbon or
roller against the face of a sheet of paper
(e.g., dot matrix printers, high-speed line
printers).

Non-Impact Printers
Are printers which do not utilize a printing
mechanism (e.g., laser printers andink jet
printers).
Plotters
Are output devices that draw graphics
displays on paper. Also, produce printed
paper output.

Secondary Storage Devices

Storage Devices are those which store
the data in its memory.
The most common secondary storage:
magnetic disk, optical disk, and magnetic
tape.
Magnetic storage devices are:
-Hard disk drive
-Floppy disk drives
-Tape drives.

Hard Disc
Most computers contains one hard disk that
cannot be removed from drive.
Provides a storage area to be shared by all
users of the computer.
Floppy Disc Drive
Most common magnetic storage device.
Users can have any number of floppy disks
that can be inserted into computers floppy
disk drive.
Tape Drives
Another magnetic storage device.
Provides inexpensive archival storage for large

What is Software?
Software is computer instructions or
data.
Anything that can be stored
is software
electronically
Software is often
divided. into Four
categories:
System Software
Programming Software
Application Software
Utility Software

System
Software:
Systems software includes the
operating system and all the utilities
that enable the computer to
function.
System Software helps in running
the computer hardware and the
computer system.
Main System Softwares are:
-Operating System
-Device Drivers

Programming Software:
This is one of the most commonly
known and popularly used forms of
computer software.
These software come in forms of tools
that assist a programmer in writing
computer programs.
The tools that help the programmers
in instructing a computer system
include:
Text Editors
Compilers

Application Software:
It enables the user to accomplish
certain specific tasks.Following are the
types of application software:
Web Browsing Software
It allows one to surf the web.
Example- MS Internet Explorer.
Word Processing Software
Allows user to create,edit a document.
Example- MS Word

Spreadsheet Software
Allows users to create document and
perform calculation.
Example-MS Excel
Data Base Software
Allows users to store and retrieve vast
amount of data.
Example-MS Access
Presentation Graphics Software
Allows users to create visual
presentation.
Example-MS Powerpoint

Utility Software
Utility Software helps in management of
computer hardware and application
software. It performs a small range of
tasks.
Types of Utility Software are:
Disk Defragmentors
It detect computer files whose contents
are stored on the hard disk in disjoint
fragments, and move the fragments to
increase the efficiency.
Backup
This utility make a copy of all information
stored on a disk, and restore either the

Disk Partitioner
It divide an Individual drive into multiple
logical drives,each with its own file system
which can be mounted by the operating
system and treated as an individual drive.
Anti-Virus
These utilities scan computer for viruses.