UERJ - Cálculo Volume 2 PDF

"!
Copyright by Mauricio A. Vilches

Todos os direitos reservados
Proibida a reproduo parcial ou total
ii
Contedo
1 Introduo
1.1 Espaos Euclidianos . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1.2 O Espao Euclidiano Tridimensional . . . . . . . . . .
1.3 Sistemas de Coordenadas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1.4 Produto Escalar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1.5 Norma Euclidiana de um Vetor . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1.6 ngulos Diretores . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1.7 Produto Vetorial . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1.8 Distncia entre Pontos . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1.9 Retas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1.9.1 Paralelismo e Perpendicularismo . . . . . . . .
1.9.2 Forma Simtrica da Equao da Reta . . . . . .
1.9.3 Distncia de um Pontos a uma Reta . . . . . .
1.10 Planos . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1.10.1 ngulo entre Planos . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1.10.2 Paralelismo e Perpendicularismo entre Planos
1.10.3 Distncia de um Pontos a um Plano . . . . . .
1.11 Generalizaes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1.12 Superfcies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1.12.1 Superfcies Quadricas . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1.13 Exerccios . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2 Funes de Vrias Variveis
2.1 Introduo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2.2 Domnio e Imagem . . . . . . . . . . . .
2.3 Grficos de Funes de Vrias Variveis
2.4 Conjuntos de Nvel . . . . . . . . . . . .
2.5 Exerccios . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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CONTEDO
iv
3 Limites e Contnuidade
3.1 Introduo . . . . .
3.2 Limites . . . . . . .
3.3 Continuidade . . .
3.4 Exerccios . . . . . .
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4 Derivadas Parciais
4.1 Definies e Exemplos . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4.2 Generalizaes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4.3 Interpretao Geomtricas das Derivadas Parciais
4.4 Derivadas Parciais com Taxa de Variao . . . . .
4.5 Diferenciabilidade . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4.6 Aproximao Linear . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4.7 Derivadas de Ordem Superior . . . . . . . . . . . .
4.8 Regra da Cadeia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4.9 Derivada Direcional . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4.10 Derivada Direcional como Taxa de Variao . . . .
4.11 Gradiente de uma Funo . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4.11.1 Observaes Geomtricas sobre Gradientes
4.12 Funes Implcitas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4.13 Gradiente e Conjuntos de Nvel . . . . . . . . . . .
4.14 Gradiente e Curvas de Nvel . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4.14.1 ngulos entre Curvas . . . . . . . . . . . .
4.15 Gradiente e Supefcies de Nvel . . . . . . . . . . .
4.15.1 ngulos entre Supefcies . . . . . . . . . . .
4.16 Exerccios . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5 Mximos e Mnimos
5.1 Definies e Exemplos . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5.2 Determinao dos Mximos e Mnimos Locais
5.3 Problemas de Otimizao . . . . . . . . . . . .
5.3.1 Mnimos Quadrados . . . . . . . . . . .
5.4 Mximos e Mnimos Absolutos . . . . . . . . .
5.5 Mtodo dos Multiplicadores de Lagrange . . .
5.6 Determinao dos Extremos Condicionados . .
5.7 Problemas de Otimizao . . . . . . . . . . . .
5.8 Exerccios . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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6 Integrao Mltipla
221
6.1 Integrao Dupla sobre Retngulos . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 221
6.2 Significado Geomtrico da Integral Dupla . . . . . . . . . . . . . 222
CONTEDO
6.3
6.4
Integrais Iteradas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Teorema de Fubini . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6.4.1 Extenso do Teorema de Fubini . . . .
6.5 Integrao Dupla sobre Regies mais Gerais
6.5.1 Regies Elementares . . . . . . . . . .
6.5.2 Extenso da Integral Dupla . . . . . .
6.6 Integral Dupla e Volume de Slidos . . . . .
6.7 Mudana de Coordenadas . . . . . . . . . . .
6.7.1 Introduo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6.8 Mudana Linear . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6.9 Mudana Polar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6.9.1 Regies Limitadas por Crculos . . . .
6.10 Outras Aplicaes da Integral Dupla . . . . .
6.10.1 Massa Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6.10.2 Momento de Massa . . . . . . . . . . .
6.10.3 Centro de Massa . . . . . . . . . . . .
6.10.4 Momento de Inrcia . . . . . . . . . .
6.11 Exerccios . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
7 Integrao Tripla
7.1 Integrao Tripla sobre Paraleleppedos . .
7.2 Integrao Tripla sobre Regio mais Gerais
7.2.1 Regies Elementares no Espao . . .
7.2.2 Extenso da Integral Tripla . . . . .
7.3 Mudana de Coordenadas . . . . . . . . . .
7.3.1 Introduo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
7.4 Coordenadas Cilndricas . . . . . . . . . . .
7.5 Coordenadas Esfricas . . . . . . . . . . . .
7.6 Exerccios . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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226
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277
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8 Apndice
303
9 Respostas
313
10 Bibliografia
317

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