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Western Attitudes toward DEATH: From the Middle Ages to the Present by PHILIPPE ARIES \UNVERSITY OF FLORDA LBRARrES translated by PATRICIA. M. RANUM THE JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY PRESS Baltimore and London (Copyright ©1974 by The Johns Hopkins University Press Allighe eeerved Printed in the United Sates of Amati (egnally plied in handover, 1974 Johns Hopkins Papert ion, 175 95945529 BIS The Johns Hopkins University Press 701 ese 4th Seer, Balmore, Maryiand 212-2199 ‘The Joins Hopkins Pres Li, London brary of Congres Catalging in Publication Data Asie, Pilipe. Weiern atid toward death, \Uohns Hopkins symposia in comparative histor) Includes ‘iiograpical eferncer. 1. Desth-Collected works. 1 Tile 11. Serer BOUEASTIS. 1283 73-4940 ISBN 0-8018-1762-5 puperbsck) Contents Preface ix Tamed Desth 1 ‘One's Own Death 27 Thy Death $5 Forbidden Death 85 Index 109 Preface Department of the Joh lecture on the subject of history, political culture, and national consciousness, che author of Le Tempe de Histoire and Centuries of Childhood replied thar his interests had shifted considerably from the time when he had waiteen thote books. Philippe Arits continued by saying that he had witation of the History Hopkins University t0 PREFACE been working on a history of changing attitudes toward death in Wester societies since the Middle Ages With fears about a language barrier dispelled by the assurance that there would be translations of his Ieetures, and withthe support of the Schouler funds and the Philip W. Haberman, Jr, Founda Sion, it became possible to invite Philippe Ariés co Hopkins so present the letures which constitute this volome. Convinced by his research that it was indeed the culture of the United States which has played the Primordial role in changing Western attitudes Yoward death in the twentieth century, Arits wel

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