Engineering

Science
L E C T UR E # 5
BY
H YATT QUR E SH I

Recap
What is the law of conservation of Momentum

Law of conservation of Momentum

Initial Momentum = Final Momentum

M1U1 + M2U2 = M1V1 + M2V2
M1U1 M1V1 = M2V2 M1U1
- M1 (V1-U1) = M2 (V2-U2)

Solve the Problem

A railway wagon of mass 35 t travels along a level track
at 15km/h and collides with another wagon of mass 15 t
travelling in the opposite direction at 20km/h. After
impact, the first is seen to travel in the same direction as
before with a speed of 3km/h. Find the speed of the
second wagon.

Kinetic Energy
Consider the work done in uniformly accelerating a body of
mass m from rest to speed V over a distance S along a
horizontal straight line.
The acceleration required is given by
=2as

By the second law of motion, the average force is

required

F= ma

F= m * /2s

The work done by the force F in distance s is

F * s = m * /2s * s
F = 1/ 2 m *
Unit is Joule (J)
The expression on the right hand side is called KE or Energy of
the Motion of the body at velocity v
It is the energy possessed by the body by virtue of its mass and
velocity

Change of Kinetic Energy

The work done in accelerating a body from velocity U to
velocity V is equal to the change in its Kinetic energy.

Thus the acceleration required is given by:

- =2as
Or
a = - /2s

The Force required is

F = ma
And the work done over the distance S is
F * s = m * - /2s* s
F = 1/ 2 m * - 1/ 2 m *
Which is the change in the kE

Potential Energy
The work done in lifting a body of weight W through a
vertical height is W * h
This quantity is known as the Potential Energy of the body
referred to its original position.
The body posses this energy by virtue of its weight and
position.
If m is the mass of the body in kg and h is the height in
meters then the PE energy is
mgh Joules

Conservation of energy
PE + KE = Constant
PE= KE