VI.

PERHITUNGAN
A. Tetes Tebu

Urea ==
Urea
3.53.5
gr
= 1.5 gr
Ragi ==
npk
0.71.5
gr
gr
npk = 0.7
FERMENT
gr
OR

B Ragi
gr

massa CO2 ?

Massa C2H5OH
?

Molase = 1573.3
gr

Neraca masa total

A+B=C+D
(1573.3 + 3.5 + 1.5 + 0.7) gr = CO2 + 1578.045 gr
CO2 = 0.955 gr

Neraca massa fermentor

Komponen
Molase
Urea
Ragi
Npk
CO2

Input (gr)
1573.3
3.5
1.5
0.7

Output (gr)

0.955
1578.045
1579

C2H5OH

total

1579

Urea = 3.5 gr
Ragi = 1.5 gr
npk = 0.7 gr

A
a. Distilasi

FERMENT
OR

CO2 = 0.955 gr

Massa C2H5OH
1578.045 gr

Molase = 1573.3
gr

D
I
S
T
I
v.t
= 1995 mL
v. a
= 250 mL
E
= 1578.045
gr
C2H5OH
H 2O

L
A
T
O
R

F = 3.75 mL
= 0.791
gr/mL
C2H5OH
H 2O

G = ....?
C2H5OH
Top Produk (sampel F)
=....?
Dari 250 mL sampel E didapat 3.75 mL sampel F sehingga
volume total 1995
H2O jika
=....?

mL, maka :
V

1995 mL
X 3.75 mL=29.925 mL
250 mL

Maka berat top produk

M
=
xV

= 0.791 gr/mL x 29.925 mL

= 23.670675 gr
Bottom Produk (sampel G)
E
=F+G
G
=EF
= (1578.045 23.670675) gr
= 1554.374325 gr

Neraca Massa Komponen

C2H5OH

= Xe. E

= Xe. F + Xe. G ......................................................................(1)

H2O

= Xw. E

= Xw. F + Xw. G ....................................................................(2)

Harga komposisi masuk dan keluar alat distilasi berdasarkan persamaan :

12.5% (1578.045)gr = 93.75% (23.670675)gr + Xe (1554.374325)gr ...............................(1)
87.5% (1578.045)gr = 6.25% (23.670675)gr + Xw (1554.374325)gr ................................(2)
Harga komponen masing-masing :
-

C2H5OH
12.5% (1578.045)gr - 93.75% (23.670675)gr
(197.255625 22.125781) gr

= Xe (1554.374325)gr
= Xe (1554.374325)gr

175.129844 gr
Xe
Xe
-

= Xe (1554.374325)gr
= 0.1126690278 x 100 %
= 11.26690278 %

H2O
87.5% (1578.045)gr - 6.25% (23.670675)gr
(1380.789375 1.479417188) gr
1379.309958 gr
Xw
Xw

= Xw (1554.374325)gr
= Xw (1554.374325)gr
= Xw (1554.374325)gr
= 0.8873730864 x 100 %
= 88.73730864 %

Neraca Massa Distilasi

Komponen

Input (gr)

C2H5OH
H2O
Sub Total
Total

197.255625
1479.417188
1578.045
1578.045

Output (gr)
Top Produk
Bottom Produk
22.19125781
175.129844
1.479417188
1379.309958
23.670675
1554.374325
1578.045

Diagram Air
C2H5OH =

C2H5OH = 197.255625 gr
H2O = 1479.417188gr
E
= 1578.045gr

D
I
S
T
I
L
A
T
O
R

22.19125781gr
H2O = 1.479417188gr
F
= 23.670675gr

C2H5OH

175.129844 gr
H2O = 1379.309958gr
G
= 1554.374325gr

b. Dehidrasi / Teoritis

H
= 23.670675
gr
C2H5OH = 93.75 %
H2O = 6.25 %
Neraca Massa Total

Harga komponen H masing- masing :

-

C2H5OH
H2O

I
=5
gr
Silika gel =
96 %
ABSORB
H2O
=4
ER
%
J
= ....?
Silika gel
= ....?
H2O
=....?

Silika gel
H2O

= 96 % x 5 gr = 4.8 gr
= 4 % x 5 gr = 0.2 gr
Total = 5 gr

Harga komponen K masing- masing :

-

C2H5OH

= ....?
C2H5OH =
92 %
H2O = 8
%

= 93.75 % x 23.670675 gr
= 22.19125781gr
= 6.25 % x 23.670675 gr = 1.479417188gr
Total = 23.670675gr

Harga komponen I masing- masing :

-

= 92 % x 22.19125781 gr = 20.41595719 gr

H2O

= 8 % x 1.479417188 gr
= 0.118353375 gr
Total = 20.53431057 gr

Harga komponen J masing- masing :

Silika gel

= 4.8 gr

H2O masuk

= H2O keluar

H+I

=J+K

(1.479417188+ 0.2 )gr

= J + 0.118353375

H2O

= 1.561063813 gr

Total

= 6.361063813 gr

Neraca Massa Absorber

Komponen
C2H5OH
H2O

Input (gr)
22.19125781
1.479417188 + 0.2

Output (gr)
22.19125781
0.118353375 +

Silika Gel

4.8
28.670675

1.561063813
4.8
28.670675

Silika gel = 96 % = 4.8 gr

H2O
=4%
= 0.2 gr
I
= 5 gr

C2H5OH = 22.19125781gr
H2O = 1.479417188 gr
H
= 23.670675 gr

ABSORB
ER

C2H5OH 92 %

20.41595719 gr
H2O 8 %
= 0.118353375 gr
K
= 20.53431057 gr

Silika gel = 4.8 gr

H2O
= 1.561063813gr
J
= 6.361063813 gr

Tetes Tebu
-

Secara teori mengandung

Massa tebu
Maltosa dalam tebu

= 88 % maltosa ( C12H22OH )
= 1573.3 gr
= 88 % x 1995 gr
1755.6 gr
= 498 gr /mol
= 3.525 mol

Reaksi

C12H22OH

H2O

2 C6H12O6
-

3.525

3.525

3.525

3.525

3.525

3.525

BM

498

18

199

(gr/mol)

701.475

(gr)

C6H12O6
M

3.525

rag
npk

2 C2H5OH

(mol)
(mol)

2 CO2

3.525

3.525

3.525

3.525

3.525 (mol)

BM

199

46

44

162.15

155.1 (gr)

(mol)

(gr/mol)

Maka :
Secara teoritis etanol yang terbentuk
Secara praktek etanol yang terbentuk
% konversi

( 1573.323.670675 ) gr
1573.3 gr

= 162.15 gr
= 23.670675 gr
x 100

= 98.49547607
% yield

23.670675 gr
162.15 gr

x 100

= 14.5980111
% kesalahan =

(162.1523.670675)gr
162.15 gr

= 85.4019889

x 100

Neraca Ekonomi

No.
1.
2.
3.
4.

komponen
Jumlah
Harga (Rp)
Tetes tebu
8 bungkus
4000
Ragi
1 bungkus
2000
Npk
2500
urea
3000
Pengeluaran untuk produksi 3.75 mL Bioetanol

Harga 1 Liter bioetanol

Pendapatan

Sub total
32000
2000
2500
3000
39500

= Rp. 27500
3.75 mL
X Rp .27500
= 1000 mL
= Rp 103.125
= Rp 39500 Rp 103.125
= Rp 39.396

Pengeluaran

Maka pembuatan bioetanol dari tetes tebu tidak ekonomis.

B. Kulit Nanas

Urea ==
Urea
3.53.5
gr
= 1.5 gr
Ragi ==
npk
0.71.5
gr
gr
npk = 0.7
FERMENT
gr
OR

B Ragi
gr

Molase = 784.3
gr

Neraca masa total

A+B=C+D

massa CO2 ?

Massa C2H5OH
?

(784.3 + 3.5 + 1.5 + 0.7) gr

CO2

= CO2 + 788.627 gr
= 1.373 gr

Neraca massa fermentor

Komponen
Molase
Urea
Ragi
Npk
CO2

Input (gr)
784.3
3.5
1.5
0.7

Output (gr)

1.373
788.627
790

C2H5OH

total

790

Urea = 3.5 gr
Ragi = 1.5 gr
npk = 0.7 gr

FERMENT
OR

Massa C2H5OH
788.627 gr

Molase = 784.3
gr

c. Distilasi

D
I
S
T
I

CO2 = 1.373 gr

F = 1.3 mL
= 0.791
gr/mL
C2H5OH
H 2O

v.t
= 997 mL
v. a
= 250 mL
L
E
= 788.627
A
G = ....?
gr
T
C2H5OH
Top Produk (sampel
C2H5F)
OH
O
=....?
H2O E didapat 1.3 mL sampel
Dari 250 mL sampel
volume total 997 mL,
R F sehinggaHjika
2O =....?

maka :
V

997 mL
x 1.3 mL=5.1844 mL
250 mL

Maka berat top produk

M
=
xV

= 0.791 gr/mL x 5.1844 mL

= 4.10086 gr

Bottom Produk (sampel G)

E
=F+G
G
=EF
= (788.627 4.10086) gr
= 784.52614 gr

Neraca Massa Komponen

C2H5OH

= Xe. E

= Xe. F + Xe. G ......................................................................(1)

H2O

= Xw. E

= Xw. F + Xw. G ....................................................................(2)

Harga komposisi masuk dan keluar alat distilasi berdasarkan persamaan :

2.5% (788.627)gr

= 40% (4.10086)gr + Xe (784.52614)gr ............................................(1)

97.5% (788.627)gr

= 60% (4.10086)gr + Xw (784.52614)gr ...........................................(2)

Harga komponen masing-masing :

-

C2H5OH
2.5% (788.627) gr - 40% (4.10086) gr
(19.71568 1.640344) gr
18.0753 gr
Xe
Xe

H2O
97.5% (788.627)gr - 60% (4.10086) gr
(768.911325 2.460516) gr
766.45081 gr
Xw
Xw

Neraca Massa Distilasi

= Xe (784.52614)gr
= Xe (784.52614)gr
= Xe (784.52614)gr
= 0.0230398 x 100 %
= 2.30398 %
= Xw (784.52614)gr
= Xw (784.52614)gr
= Xw (784.52614)gr
= 0.97696 x 100 %
= 97.696 %

Komponen

Input (gr)

C2H5OH
H2O
Sub Total
Total

19.715675
768.911325
788.627
788.627

Output (gr)
Top Produk
Bottom Produk
1.640344
18.075325
2.460516
766.450815
4.10086
784.52614
788.627

Diagram Air
C2H5OH = 1.640344gr
H2O = 2.460516gr
F
= 4.10086gr

C2H5OH = 19.715675 gr
H2O = 768.911325 gr
E
= 788.627 gr

D
I
S
T
I
L
A
T
O
R

C2H5OH

18.075325gr
H2O = 766.450815gr
G
= 784.52614gr

d. Dehidrasi / Teoritis

H
= 4.10086 gr
C2H5OH = 40 %
H2O = 60 %

Neraca Massa Total

Harga komponen H masing- masing :

-

C2H5OH
H2O

I
=5
gr
Silika gel =
96 %
ABSORB
H2O
=4
ER
J%
= ....?
Silika gel
= ....?
H2O
=....?

= 40 % x 4.10086 gr
= 1.640344 gr
= 60 % x 4.10086 gr = 2.460516 gr
Total = 4.10086 gr

Harga komponen I masing- masing :

-

Silika gel
H2O

= 96 % x 5 gr = 4.8 gr
= 4 % x 5 gr = 0.2 gr
Total = 5 gr

Harga komponen K masing- masing :

-

C2H5OH
H2O

= 92 % x 1.640344 gr
= 150.911648 gr
= 8 % x 2.460516 gr = 19.684128 gr
Total = 170.595776 gr

Harga komponen J masing- masing :

Silika gel

= 4.8 gr

H2O masuk

= H2O keluar

H+I

=J+K

(2.460516 + 0.2 )gr

H2O

= J + 19.684128 gr
= -17.023612 gr

K
= ....?
C2H5OH =
92 %
H2O = 8
%

Total

= -12.223612 gr

Neraca Massa Absorber

Komponen
C2H5OH
H2O
Silika Gel

Input (gr)
1.640344
2.460516 + 0.2
4.8
9.10086

Output (gr)
1.640344
-17.023612 + 19.684128
4.8
9.10086

Silika gel = 96 % = 4.8 gr

H2O
=4%
= 0.2 gr
I
= 5 gr

C2H5OH = 1.640344 gr
H2O = 1.479417188 gr
H
= 4.10086 gr

ABSORB
ER

C2H5OH 92 %

150.911648 gr
H2O 8 %
= 19.684128 gr
K
= 170.595776 gr

Silika gel = 4.8 gr

H2O
= -17.023612 gr
J
= -12.223612 gr

Kulit Nanas
-

Secara teori mengandung

Massa tebu
Maltosa dalam tebu

= 88 % maltosa ( C12H22OH )
= 997 gr
= 88 % x 997 gr
877.36 gr
= 498 gr /mol
= 1.76177 mol

Reaksi

C12H22OH

H2O

2 C6H12O6

1.76177

1.76177

(mol)

1.76177

1.76177

1.76177

(mol)

1.76177

BM

498

18

C6H12O6
M

1.76177

rag

199

(gr/mol)

350.592

2 C2H5OH

npk

(gr)

2 CO2

1.76177

1.76177

1.76177

(mol)

1.76177

1.76177

(mol)

BM

199

46

44

(gr/mol)

81.04142

77.518

(gr)

Maka :
Secara teoritis etanol yang terbentuk
Secara praktek etanol yang terbentuk
% konversi

( 9974.10086 ) gr
997 gr

= 81.04142 gr
= 4.10086 gr
x 100

= 99.58868
% yield

4.10086 gr
81.04142 gr

x 100

= 5.0602
% kesalahan =

(81.041424.10086)gr
81.04142 gr

x 100

= 94.9398

Neraca Ekonomi

No.
1.
2.
3.
4.

komponen
Jumlah
Harga (Rp)
Nanas
3 buah
6500
Ragi
1 bungkus
2000
Npk
2500
urea
3000
Pengeluaran untuk produksi 1.3 mL Bioetanol

Harga 1 Liter bioetanol

= Rp. 27500

Sub total
19500
2000
2500
3000
27000

1.3 mL
X Rp .27500
1000 mL

Pendapatan

Pengeluaran

= Rp 35.75
= Rp 27000 Rp 35.75
= Rp 26964.25

Maka pembuatan bioetanol dari kulit nanas tidak ekonomis.