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Past Simple: was Complete the sentences with was or were. a My grandparents, married for more than fifty years. b When t {in Berlin last year, the weather very cold, How many people — there at the party? 4 Whee ___you on Saturday evening? et «@ beautifl day in August. My family and | __ on holiday at the seaside fo George ot school today? How your first day at work? tt very nice to meet you, Mr Brown Short answers Short answers with was end were ez Question Short answer Was tiheishe! Yes, Uhelsheiit was, 0K No, helsheiit wasn't Were youlwe! Yes, youiwelthey were, they oK? No, youlweithey weren't. “) » Read about the famous people on pages 39 and 40. Complete the questions and write the short answers. Mark Twain American writer — born 1835, - died 1910 1 vas Mark Twain a painter? Si be wists 2 _\wiis_ he American? yesh ss. Charlie Chaplin Film actor — born London 1889 ~ died Switzerland 1977 3 ____ Charlie Chaplin born in Americu? 4 he an actor? The Marx Brothers American comedians ~all born in Germany 5 __ the Marx Brothers born in the USA? ____ they comedians? Anna Pavlova Russian dancer ~ died 1931 ? Anna Pavlova Russian? 8 ____she a singer? 39 Pelé and Jaizinho Brazilian - the 1970 Worid Cup team 9 Pelé and Jaizinho from Argentina? 10 ___ they footballers? > GERI Listen and check. Practise saying the questions and answers Vocabulary Years, decades and centuries > Write the dates in full, as in the example, 4 Disco music was very popular it the niet __ 2970-1979) b The Athens Olympic Games were __ _ . (2008) © Twan Peron was president of Argentina (1946-1958) d__ Elvis Presley was popular — (1950-1959) € The Italien poet Dante was born (2200-1299) F Yugoslavia were world basketball champions (1998) g Abdul-Aaiz was king of Saudia Arabia (1932-1953) 1h Catherine the Great was Empress of Russia __ (1790-1799) Past simple Spelling of -ed endings G Wie te Pest simple tense of the verbs. a Tike fit 9 play b enjoy _ h believe © travel i arrive do study ity © look receive f dance bo stay Regular verbs [= Complete the sentences with the Past simple of ~) the verbs in the box. graduate study change try start die work end live help walk a My brother __gristuwited last year. He was at Glasgow University. > The Second World War _ in 1939, and - six years later, n 1948. € Elvis Presley, the King of Rock 'n’ Roll, inv. There were no more buses, so 1 home. © When I was at school, my parents often me with my homework fu French when I was ai school, butt don’t remember very much now. at to phone you last aight, but there 1} When he was a young musician, Reg Dwight his name to Elton John, 1 The composer Chopin was born in Poland, but he 1 in France for many years it in cinema for a big computer company in the nineties. Irregular verbs Complete the sentences with the past forms of the verbs in brackets. ‘Three child stars of the past Mozart ... Donny Osmond a wry (write) ‘music when he was five years otd; eave) home when he was only twelve years old; 0) to live in Vienna when he was 25 years ol. : Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart - composer (begin) singing on television dat the age of five; (sing) with his five brothers in the Osmond Brothers; (sell) millions of records, betore he was 18. Donny Osmond = pop star ley Temple ... (make) her frst film when she was six (win) fan Oscar in 1934; —_ __ (become) 4@ politician in the 1970s, Shirley Temple = actress Prepositions of time ‘Complete the sentences with at, from, in, on orto The economic situation in our country became much better__in_ the 1990s b The caté is open 8.30 in the moming ‘about eleven o'clock inthe evening, © We asrived at the hotel about eleven o'clock. 4 Wedecided to have our holidays September, when it's not so hot the age of seven, Vanessa started dancing lessons. fF Istayed at home Friday because f had so much work to do. was born 1986. hh There was a war between the two countries the nineteenth century. Pronunciation Past tense endings 8: Look at the pairs of past forms below. Is the pronunciation of the underlined sounds the same (S) or different (0)? 1 bought caught s 2 wrote cost D 3 said read _ 4 pul aut 5 saw 6 came oe 7 lost 8 took stood 9 wore caught 10 heard won — b GEE Listen and check. Practise saying the words a Regular and irregular verbs Complete the text about Amelia Earhart, using the correct form of the verbs Seventy years ago, Amelia athart (1) wa (be) America’s favourite woman, In 1932, she Q (fly) aeross the Atlantic Ocean alone: the first woman to do this Her journey (3) _ (start) in Newfoundland, Canada: fifteen hours later, her Lockheed Vega airplane (4)___(arrive) in Londonderry, Ireland. People all over the world sy (vant) to meet this incredible woman, She (6) (meet) King George V of England and (7) (become) friends with the US President, Franklin D. Roosevelt. The American people (8) (love) her. Five years later, Amelia (9) (try) 0 fly around the world. An American University (10) (give) her $50,000 for a new Lockheed Flectra airplane. On the morning of July 2nd 1937, Amelia and her co-pilot, Fred Noonan any (leave) Lae, in New Guinea, and «a2 (begin) their journey to Howland Island in the Pacifie Ocean. On July 3rd 1937, the American ship /tasca (3) (receive) a radio message from Amelia: a few minutes later her plane 04) (disappear). American ships a3) (spend) nearly two weeks looking for the plane, but they (16) ind) nothing, b GED Listen and check your answers. 42 Ordinal nu 4 Write an ordinal number to complete the \ sentences, Use the numbers in brackets to help you. 4. Ronald Reagan was the _ tirtietk President of the rs United States. (40) bb May isthe __ month in the year. (5) © Our apartment is on the __ftoor. (8) Beethoven wrote his music in the century. 09) ‘© Brazil won the World Cup for the __time tn 1994, (4) {The Berlin Wall fell near the end of the century. (20) g Nell Armstrong was the san on the moon, and Buzz Aldrin was the 2 hh My sister's birthday is on the of August (22) Dates 1 Write the dates in full a Sth Feb }bruary che ft 30th Jon. © 17th Nov 4 12th Aug © 2istsep £ 9th Ape Choose the correct time phrase a ig the swimming pool every week / last week bb I visited my friends in Canada three years ago / every year. © My family lived in the United States now / when F was a child 4 We met Greg and Sonia when we are on holiday / when we were on holiday. @ I work in Slovenia every summer /last summer. ‘We watched television every evenin evening. ‘yesterday 9. People usually to go university when they are eighteen J shen they were eighteen. Jen spoke to her mother every week / a week ago. Common verbs Label the pictures on the right with the ‘words in the box. break build catch cut fall run steal throw wakeup win Here are the past forms of the verbs in the box. Write the infinitive forms 1 broke real 2 caught 3 built 4 threw 5 woke up 6 ran stole 8 fell 9 cut 10 won SEEM Listen to the pronunciation of the infinitive ‘and past forms. Practise saying them | Nee module en and read (ELED Listen to andlor read the story of The Strange Soldier. The Strange cconstinaana Older q t was a beautiful sunny morning in Mexico City. The date was October 10th, the year was 1593. In the main square ofthe city, soldiers stood in front of the Royal Palace. The people ofthe city came and went as usual. But there was something strange about one of the soldiers: he wore a different uniform from the others, and had a different type of gun. When the other soldiers saw him, they began asking him questions. “Who are you? Whete are you from?! one of the other soldiers asked. ‘lar a Spanish soldier’ he answered ‘and because the governor died lastnight, itis my job to stay in front ofthe palace here.” The governor?’ one of the soldiers replied, ‘Which governor?” The governor of Manila, of course. The other soldiers told hirm he was in Mexico City ~ thousands of kilometres from the city of Manila The young soldier was amazed and had no idea how he came to be in a city so far from his home. Nobody believed his stange story. / In the end, they put the young man in prison, and left him there until they decided what to do. Two months late, a Spanish ship arived from Manila. It brought news thatthe governor of Manila was dead ~ and the time of his death was 10 pm on the evening of October 3, 1593 Was the young man’s story true? Four hundred years later, no one knows how it was possible for a man to travel across the world in one night .. without knowing, how or why 44 b Read the story again, Put these events in the order they happened The Mexican soldiers saw the strange soldier. The governor of Manila died A 8 © They put the strange soldier in prison, D_ A ship from Manila artived in Mexico City E The strange soldier travelled from Manila to Mexico. Vocabulary Life stories Complete the information about es Ife stor. Look at page 66 15 ortne students’ Boon, necessary li@wasbe u in London in 1975. (b) A_ a ch___ I loved playing football and watching sport on television. 1 (¢) w___ to s¢___in Chelsea and (@) w_ 1 w__ about nine I (e) b ine in computer games and the Internet. So } started a football website, which was very popular. {( |____ school when I was seventeen and I ()st_____ computer design and mathematics at (h) un a When 1.9 ¢_ Jn 1997, 1()) @__ @ j___with o large computer games company and I(k) wt w____ in Chicago, in the United states. 1(9)g__ m___..__.1 2000 to an American git! and nov we've got our own family, Our two sons are football-crazy too! Improve your writing Time linkers: before, after, then | Before went to bed, | za phoned Suzanne | phoned Suzanne before | went to bed After Jane left university she | traveled to india Jane travelled to india after she left university Sebastian was a water ina restaurant. Then he found another job | 16 Join the sentences below with before, after or then. a _Befare I went home, 1 bought something to eat from the supermarket b thetr dog died, the house was very quiet, © We had time for a coffee the train left. d_ Inthe morning, I went shopping with my friend Sara. ___we had lunch, @ Fora long time, nobody spoke. __ someone asked a question, ____ they got marrieg, Paul and Linda usually stayed dat home on Saturday nights, 9 —____ he was a famous actor, Bruce worked as a taxi driver, hh [remembered to close all the windows went 45 MODULE 8 Adjectives to describe films Types of film 5) Find ten adjectives in the word square to Match the types of film to the pictures describe films: ENJ]OYABL EDO cartoon horror film science fiction film XOANBMLAFUS love story” action film historical film cCROLOSOFVSt1 comedy musical | INTEREeS TING THRA?TNIPOSA [FUNNYLOLTR NZSPGQLBECG GKAMRUYCNYH MADROMANTIC EXAPWHOYVD4 FRIGHTENING Common verbs in the past tense Complete the sentences with the past tense of the verbs in brackets, a Martin Scorsese wide _ (make) the film Gangs of New York Lindsay's holiday last year _ _ (cost) over €1000. © Lucy's parents (give) her a car for her 2st birthday. d_ We were both so hot and thirsty that we _ (drink) a litre bottle of mineral water © Steve ___ (become) a writer when he was forty-five. F Karen’s got a fantastic job ~ last month she _ (earn) €3,000! 9 The police looked everywhere for the money, but they only {ind} an empty bag, ae hh Jan and Anna____ (fall) in love with each Ze G other at my birthday party two years ago. = AN The first Spiderman film —_ (appear) in 2002, j Last year we (90) to the cinema a lot co - h 46 Past simple Short answers Negative A, Make te sentences negative | Short answers with the Past simple Did Lyourhe/sheitvweithey know? 4 We had good weather when we were on holiday: sl Yes, lyourhelshetweithey did, | svert ou huliiay. _______|_ ug, yyourheisheiitiweithey didn't, | didi’ have good weather when bb We went for a drive yesterday. — - » Look again at the questions in exercise 5. Write the — —-— _conrect short answer for each dU heard the telephone. question ¢ Ben remembered to buy a birthday card. — 1 Yes, he did - ©The letter arrived this morning > a 3 - f Tate in a restaurant lastnight : — os _ 9 Amanda knew what to do ‘ J _ hI checked my email yesterday. 5 — » - — Questions b @EMD Listen and check Practise saying the questions and Write questions about these famous people from the past. 5 answers. 1a. Shakespeare write / Romeo and Juliet Did Shakespeare write ‘Rome at juliet s b Alexander Graham Bell / invent / e-mail © Marilyn Monroe / sing / Candle in the Wind d_ Captain Cook / discover / America Leonardo da Vinel / paint / Mona Lisa f Madonna / play / Evita 9 Beethoven / write / rock songs hh Laurel and Hardy / make / comedy films i Yuri Gagarin f travel / to the moon 47 module 8 Question words A few days ago, Simon went on a business trip, Look at the papers in his wallet, and write questions about his day. Eurolink | London - Paris (SINGLE) { Departure time 14.30 | Journey time 3 HOURS. | | ren + SERVICE (10%) t The Station aas.ss | Bookshop | Total Blue Guide toFrance «9.99, pennn nm nnn! English-French Dictionary 4.99 BUREAU DE CHANGE £200 changed to euros Where did ye _____go? He went to Paris, 2 eavel? By train, 3 have tune? At The Station Buffet Restaurant, 4 cost? £15.95. 5 ‘at the station? Some books 6 ty? Two. 7 change? £200. 8 leave? A 14.20, a take? Three hours. G@EEED Listen to the questions and answers. Practise saying them, 48 Past simple Positive, negative and questions Corectite sentences, sin the example have a Did you had/a nice weekend? A; Did you see Alistair at the party? Yes, Faw. © I didn't bought a newspaper yesterday. 4 You listen to the news lastnight? ©: Did you like the concert? se: No, I didn’t like £ When I was thirteen, I always wear jeans. You use my computer this afternoon? hI didn’t listened to my parents when I was young, Pronunciation Past forms a Listen to the pronunciation of the past forms. Notice how the pronunciation of the underlined letters is the same. fei had, began drank, (ef read, fll foi caught, bought ___, is! cut, shut b What is the past form of the verbs in the box? Put them in one of the above groups according to the pronunciation of the past form, rink” leave meet run see sing mm] wear win c Usten to the pronunciation of the past forms of the verbs. Practise saying them. Vocabulary booster \ Books, magazines and newspapers @ Label the pictures with 10 the'words nthe box headine article front page newspaper mageriré picture advertisement pages cover [ve autor book b EEE Listen and check. Practise saying the words, 49 odule 8 Vand read (EDD Listen andior read about this hero and heroine, National hErORS and heroines Mustafa Kemel Atatiirk Mustafa Kemal Atatiirk is the father of modern Turkey. He was born in 1881. He chose the army as a career and in 1915, during the First ‘World War, he led the Turkish army at Gelibolu and Istanbul. By the end of the war he was a hero and from that time on all of the Turkish people supported him. He led the Turkish army in the War of independence (1919-1922) and in 1923 he became the first President of the new Republic of Turkey. During the last fifteen years of his life Atattirk introduced many reforms and did many things to improve life in Turkey. He died in November 1938, but today the people of Turkey still think of him with great respect. Florence Nightingale A hundred and fifty years ago, most nurses did not study nursing: but a British woman called Florence Nightingale tried to change all that. In the 1850s, she worked in a hospital for wounded soldiers in the Crimea (now Ukraine). People say she never slept, but spent all her time helping the men, The soldiers called her ‘The Lady of the Lamp’ because of the lamp she always carried as she walked around at night. When she returned to England, she began a school of i, ERE” nursing in London. She died in 1910. 50 b Write the questions for the answers, as in the example. Atiturke born? In 1881 He led the Turkish army at Gelibolu and Istanbul. In 1923, In the 1850s, The Lady of the Lamp’ ‘When she retumed to England, MODULE 12 Future plans going to Look at the pictures and write a sentence about what the people are going to do. Use the phrases in the Dox. havelunch haverbaby stop get wet buy anewspaper paint the ceiling goto bed play tennis 1 She's _going to have « aby b GERD Listen and check. Practise saying the sentences. 69 want to ‘Answer the questions about Neela, Enrico, Roman and Helena with short answers. Then answer the questions about yourself Complete the sentences with the correct form of want to: Neela Enrico fovan and positive, question or negative Moog Use the words in brackets. ‘ e9 rent a video this evening? no -s ee Re There's nothing good on TV. ORY APS NYS ‘> Tm ally not ung ths weekend have @hatreut: | play tennis eax eat Sat 10am Sun 2pm cnything, hank you mines, next week go outwith friends. goto the cinema look at some © Valerie isn't going to look for a Wed? Thurs? on Wed cars and maybe: jab wen she leaves schol crane (she) go to university next year go to college have aholiday get married a mn Furope (anybody) go fer a cup © when the lesson finishes? coffee this weekend e — (your friends) go fora walk before we 1s Neela going to have a haircut? Yes, she is, have dinner? ‘ h ‘ 2 you going to have a haircut? Ne, Uy f Patricia is very tired. yowgeing (she) _D_IS Enrico going to play football? _ 1 and go to bed, Are you going to play football? - the) be mater bate taoniyish © DO Roman and Helena want to relax? he can find, Do you want to relax? _ » ——— (you) next week anything to eat with your coffee? 4 Does Neela want to study alot? Do you want to study « lot? _ Short answers € Is Enrico going to see a film? _ CR Are you going to see a fim? Short answers with going “<) toand wont to f Do Roman and Helena want to buy some clothes? ‘Are you going to see her? Yes, 1 Do you want to buy seme clothes? ‘am. No, we aren't next year Does she want to come? Yes, ; ghe docs No. she dosen't g Is Neela going to college? a Are you going to college? Does Enrico want to have a holiday in Europe? _ Do you want to have a holiday in Europe? | Are Roman and Hel na going to get married? Ate you going to get married? 70 would like to and want to Word combinations a Put the words in the correct order to make sentences with Write the words in the box in would like to or want to. the correct category. Look at 1 would like / a footballer / to be / when he’s older / Stephen Page/106 of the Suadents, Book, t necessary. ‘Stephon would like to be « footballer when he's olde 2 you / something / like / to drink? / Would television inbed tt the gym > he shopping pany your homework 3. and 1/4 table / near / My friends / the window, please / would like athome the country ameal the cinema a video ~abarbeeue- a shower a concert the housework 4 want / doesn't / stay /at home / to / Mare 5 this evening? / to see (like / film / Which / would you a What can you have? our things) a party a barbecue 6 a/ taxi / order / 1 to / please f like 7 coffee, / We / thank you / any more / want / don’t - b_ Where can you stay? (two places) 8 in the park? / you / Would / like / for a walk / to go © What can you watch? b Listen and check. Practise saying the sentences, {veo things) Future forms 4 What can you do? 5 Correct the sentences. Add one extra word. (three things) sou 4 Frangoselke to go to Japan one day Tomorrow's Saturday ... I going to stay in bed all day. © What can you go to? © Where do you want go? (four things) d_ Would you to go out for lunch? Chris isn't enjoying his holiday: he to go homel! {My friends are going cook a special meal this evening, ‘What would you like do tomorrow? hh We not going to have a holiday this year. n Vocabulary Education and learning 4 oak atthe extracts rom some textbooks. What subjects are they about? Business Stacie [science Law Economics | Geography Information Technology Medicine | | Engineering Politics Design History | | Mathematics Literature | A Business Studies A business which puts all its money into the stock aacket can easily lose everything. For example, inthe crash of 1987 South America’s largest city and ‘one of the fastest-growing cities in the world. It is the commercial centre of The memory of a computer consists of microchips. ‘There are two types: ROM (read-only memory) contains permanent instructions. D In the fourteenth century, Arab traders sailed across the Indian Ocean and introduced Islam to many Asian countries, In 1511, (= Romeo and Juliet was one of Shakespeare's early. plays but in it he wrote some of his most_ beautiful poetry. When Romeo leaves Itis often better for the person not to take antibiotics if the illness isn’t serious. In the past doctors often gave too many antibiotics and Se 76 G 0 This chemical symbol for water means that each water molecule contains two atoms of byrogen and one atom of The world’s longest bridges are now all suspension bridges. In the case of Walker versus Thompson, where a man killed his business partner. the judge gave him 20 years in prison because K Bauhaus furniture and ordinary objects were famous in the early twentieth century but are still very popular today. For example, Bauhaus chairs and lamps = L The Communist Party was started by Vladimir tlich Lenin in 1903. Communism became popular, first in Russia and later in China M The economy of a country depends in part om its natural resources. For example, if @ country is rich in diamonds, or oil, SS module 13 78 Listen and re GEAD Listen to andior read about The five ages of English Match the pictures with the paragraphs. © The five ages of English 1 Old English From about the ninth century, the Vikings ~ who lived in what is now Sweden and Norway, began to arrive in the north of England. The language people spoke began to change. In the south of England, people began to translate books from Latin into English. 2 Middle English In 1066, the Normans invaded England and French became the official language. Most educated people had to speak three languages: French, Latin and English! At this time, English Titerature began to develop. One of the most famous writers was the poet Geoffrey Chaucer in the fourteenth century. His language is a litte like the English of today. 3 Barly Moder English (1450-1750) This period inchudes the time of William Shakespeare ~ England's greatest writer. By the end of the seventeenth century, great scientists, like Isaac Newton, wrote in English, not in Latin, The British Empire began, and the English language travelled across the Atlantic to North America, and across Asia to India 4 Modern English (1750-1950) English was now a national language. The first dictionary ~ Johnson's Dictionary - appeared in 1755, and the first grammar books appeared soon afier. As the British Empire grew in the nineteenth century, English became a more Intemational language. People began to lean English around the world, The frst English language textbooks appeared in the 1930s. 5 Late Modern English (from 1950) Now, English language teaching is an important international industry. After World War Il, the United States became the most important economic and cultural power in the world, and a world market in audio-visual communication began. CNN Intemational began in 1989 and the Intemet developed in the 1990s. English became a global language, with about two bilion speakers Vocabulary booster In an Internet café (£, © Match the things in the picture to the words in O the box. printer keyboard CD-ROM drive document desk modem Listen and check. Practise saying the words Rewrite the sentences using might or might not instead of the words in bold, 1 Perhaps we'll go swimming this afternoon, We night ge swinesting this alterna, 2. Is possible that the plane will arrive late The plane _ 3. Maybe you'll be rich one day, if you work hard. You I's possible that I won’t be able fo come next week 1 I possibly won’t see Frank this weekend, Perhaps Philip won't stay until the end of the Philip The government will possibly change soon The government B Maybe the exam won't be as difficult as you think, The exam Listen to the sentences. Practise saying them, Rearrange the words to make sentences. probably /« ibe / It / tomorrow / will { nice day It avill probably be a alee day tome 2. time / won't / There / to stop for lunch | be / probably 88 / probably / for / late / Martha 4 need / your / You / probably / umbrella / won’t 5 be able / tomorrow /T/ 10 come / won't / probably J probably / be j an election / will Listen to the sentences. Practise saying 79 module 13 ight (not) will and won't (©) 2 Tom, Meg, and Sampath are three school friends who have just, finished their exams. Read the notes about their plans for the future. Holiday? University? Job? Tom no plans maybe not! | my father’s company, Greece maybe probably meg. probably Spain next year, all my family are with my parents probably doctars, so why not me? Sampath dar’t think not sure= | who knows ~ an actor? have time pechaps get a job abroad Instead Use the information to write sentences with might, might not, will probably or probably won't. 1 Tom, tight go to Greece frhis holbin, go to Greece) 2 Meg - - . _. (go to Spain) 3. Sampath = (have time for a holiday) 4 Tom = | (Go to university) S Meg (go to university next year) 6 Sampath (get a job abroad instead) 7 Yom _____.. (work for his father’s company) Meg ____.. (become a doctor) Sampath —_. thecome an actor) 80 They might get marred. Vil probably go to university. We use going to to talk about intentions. 1’m going to do a business \_ course. 10 Complete these sentences 1. sotnat they are true for you, a Tot going te study in Australia next year. b T_peohably wienlt get good ‘marks in my English test, et ____ do an tt course this year. dt take on English exam soon. et apply fora new job this year, f 1 earn a lot of money next year 9 _study in the USA this year. nl read a book n English this week. Pronunciation Contracted forms GEESD Listen to the sounds and the example words below. Jor art father car wf know go home Inf work gil, binh GED Notice the same sounds in these contracted forms fouf don’t won't

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