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The Role of Intelligence in National Security STAN A. TAYLOR Chapter Contests + Introduction {© Deintons ana theory of itetsence © lnteigence services dierent nations «= Intaigancecolactionescpines The neligence procs © Intetigance and security since the Sacond Word War = Leal and ethical issteswvohingitligence 1 oer action = Terrors, ag, andthe contemporary secur condition oneusion ers Guide ‘This chapter explores the tenuous and increasingly complex and crit! elation: between secur and inteligence Folbing tome basic intuductry remaras Including detinons and » theowtil framework. then presents an oeriew of some ofthe mae santiant relignce services major ans, it describes the vary of inteligance cciplins ihe ways italien cect followed by » «scusson of whst scaled te intligence process—the wayinfrmation needs are Aetced by decison makers and what happens between than and the time they rect that information After giving examptes of intligene suczeses and ites in meen history the chapter conhides with cussion of se ofthe ethic ‘seus inolvedinnteligence area trie discussion ofthe contemporary secunty/ Intetigence enaranment Introduction ‘Sonny is a fundamental goal of ll states in com “Seprary world afar. To support that search for “evil states collet ntligence—some merely ‘ote more resources tothe process than others. "osiznifcance of ineligence hasbeen recognized ‘soutien one ofthe enlest recorded uses of “9 Sases ordered spies into Canaan t ‘spy out Sv ie to See whether or at the Iseelites could cpt. The Chinese general Sun Tau (2.500 nc) Jot thelastehaptrin his sill widely ead book, Fe At of War, to the roe of spies. Sun Ti, like st carly users of intelligens, sought information “Soul the military capabilites and plan of poten Jet coanie. Roman armies under Caesar seouted ‘Ss ovements and capabiliesof enemy troops. In os caves the information was useful, but not ‘hes etcal tothe batle otcome, Although the desire and need fr intligence has ‘been constant for centuries, the information avail~ abl, the technology of communications, the means ‘of collection, and the speed and accuracy of tur ing raw information into finshed intelignce for decision makers have all changed dramatically, ‘These changes have Become the critical and dein ing characteristics of what is now called. the Information Age. Both the information sought and ‘themeans by it which was sought were one thin: for examples the industrial age. But they are com: pletely different in a post-industrial, post-service economy information age where governments businesses, and common Socal intercourse areal driven by the need for and availablity of informa- tion.aswellasby the need, at ines to keep informs tion secret from others. aT «| Sun Teu on inteligence Jus whet enables the wise sovereian and the ened ner fo stike ard eonguey, an acne things [yard he each of erinary mon. sor dnowledse ow ths lorknowledge cannot 3 eeited rom spt Jp tesnnot be obtained incetvny rom experienc, For by ary deductive caletsten, Krowled eof the ‘anys hspostons can only be obta ned rom other ‘en Thorlo enlightened rales and pod gnerale ie a abot obtain nteligert agent a spies 70 Sarai br great seheverents © Thesllction ants, and use af intsigence ane tue~all sates do this to one degree oF © afaigence has bean es by rulers and enero ‘or eavliest mento te preset. 1 you know the enemy and know yours, you nad rst far a rundrea bates you Know yours ond at the enemy, for avery victery you wil suffer 9 | Cota you kaow fitter youre nor the enemy yu ara fol ana willmeet tat in eery Batt, (Fram chapter 13. ‘O» Spi ty Sun Tu. The A of 13006 inthe Shans, © The Informstion avalabe, 2s all ast mete

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