Climate Change Adaptation

Plan for SEQ 2015-2035

Griffith Student
Ensuring a prosperous, liveable and sustainable regional South-East
Queensland, resilient to climate change and rapid population growth

Authors: Matthew Bitzios, Sophia Cassimatis, Joseph Gagie, Daphne Huari & Jonathon Kelly

Table of Contents
Executive Summary ................................................................................................................................................................ 1
1.0 Introduction....................................................................................................................................................................... 2
2.0 The South East Queensland Region ........................................................................................................................... 3
2.1 Regional Attributes and Linkages ....................................................................................................................... 4
2.3 Regional Key Issue Area ...................................................................................................................................... 7
2.4 Management Frameworks and Stakeholders..................................................................................................... 9
3.0 Agriculture ...................................................................................................................................................................... 10
4.0 Water ................................................................................................................................................................................. 13
5.0 Tourism ............................................................................................................................................................................ 15
6.0 Transportation .............................................................................................................................................................. 17
7.0 Land Use ........................................................................................................................................................................... 20
9.0 Timeline ........................................................................................................................................................................... 25
10.0 Strategic Framework ................................................................................................................................................ 26
10.0 IPCC Evaluation ........................................................................................................................................................... 27
11.0 Conclusion..................................................................................................................................................................... 29
11.0 Reference List .............................................................................................................................................................. 30
12.0 Image Credits ............................................................................................................................................................... 31

List of Figures
2.1 SEQ Attributes Map
2.2 SEQ Linkages Map
2.3 SEQ Issue Areas Map
8.1 Spatial Strategy Diagram
9.1 Implementation Timeline

Regional Overview

10.1 GHG Emission Pathways

List of Abbreviations
CCAPSEQ Climate Change Adaptation Plan for South East Queensland.
CCAPSEQ Vol 2 Climate Change Adaption Plan South East Queensland Volume 2, (accompanying supporting
document.
DA Development Application
DERM Department of Environment and Resources management
DEW Department of Energy and Water

DILGP Department of Infrastructure Local Government and Planning.

DSDIP Department of State Development, Infrastructure and Planning.
DTESB - Department of Tourism, Major Events, Small Business and Commonwealth Games.
DTMR Department of Transport and Main Roads
EDQ Economic Development Queensland
GHG - Greenhouse Gas
IGA Identified Growth Area
IPCC - Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
NBN National Broadband Network
RCP Representative Concentration Pathway
RLRPA Regional Landscape Rural Production Area

RSA Road Safety Audit

SEQ South East Queensland
SEQ South East Queensland
SEQRP South East Queensland Regional Plan
TAFE Technical and Further Education
TEQ Tourism Event Queensland
UNFCC - United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change

VPD Vehicles per Day

Regional Overview

RPDM Road Planning and Design Manual

Glossary
Agrotourism The combination of tourism and agriculture providing economic benefits to rural areas.
Crop Yields The amount of produce harvested from cropland.
Development Application - A submission to local council pending the approval of a development assessing the
suitability, benefits and negative effects of a development.
Extreme Weather Events A weather event that is significant to the annual average, usually linked to climate
change.
Land Degradation Deterioration in the quality of land (BusinessDictionary.com n.d.)
Peak Oil The point of maximum oil production, after which production declines (Oxford University Press 2015).

Stringent Overriding Needs Test I criteria designed for assessing the feasibility of a development to be
constructed outside of the urban footprint.
Urban Sprawl Urban development expanding from the city centre into undeveloped regional land.

Regional Overview

Waste Water Water that has been used and or contaminated and is no longer potable.

Elabana Falls, Springbrook

Rapid population growth and climate change

and land use. Each issue area has been

pose significant risk to the future of the South

individually assessed in a strategic framework

East Queensland (SEQ) Region. The Climate

and evaluation to establish relevant goals and

Change Adaptation Strategic Plan (CCASPSEQ)

objectives. This is to provide direction to

proposes a 20-year plan that encompasses

successfully adapt and implement each issue

feasible goals, strategies and objectives to

area from the predicted concerns of climate

provide direction from previous implementation

change and rapid population in the SEQ

to combat the effects posed on SEQ. This plan

region. The strategic framework has been

identifies SEQs significant environmental

evaluated against Cutt Co.s vision and the

attributes, linkages and explores the key issue

established Intergovernmental Panel on

areas of SEQ. The key issue areas that were

Climate Change (IPCC) scenario. Overall this

identified as most significant to the region in

plan has contributed to guarantee in ensuring

regard to adapting to the predicted risks of

a prosperous, liveable and sustainable regional

climate change and rapid population growth

SEQ, resilient to climate change and rapid

include; tourism, water, transport, agriculture

population growth.

Executive Summary

Executive Summary

Natural Arch, Springbrook

The sole purpose of the following 20-year Climate

CCAPSEQ will contain a background study that

Change Adaptation Plan for South East Queensland

includes SEQs significant environmental attributes,

(SEQ) 2015-2035 (CCAPSEQ) is to combat the effects

linkages, and key issues. The key issues that were

of climate change and rapid population growth

identified as most significant to the SEQ region in

through the development of viable strategies for the

response to climate change and rapid population

SEQ region. The CCAPSEQ VOL 2 (the supporting

growth were tourism, water, transport, agriculture

document) will provide a more in depth insight

and land use. This has been evaluated against the

concerning the key issues, strategies, environmental

Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC)

assessments and appropriate case studies.

Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) 6.0.

Introduction

1.0 Introduction

Purling Brook Falls, Springbrook

2.0 The South East Queensland Region
The SEQ region is consistently one of the fastest

The expansive region stretches 240 kilometres south

growing regions in Australia, with a projected yearly

to the New South Wales border from Noosa in the

increase of 70,600 people (2% of region) however,

north and extends 160 kilometres west to

this number expected to increase (Queensland

Toowoomba (DIP 2009b).

population will reach 4.6 million by 2031 totalling 70%

of Queenslands total population (Queensland
Treasury, 2011 p. 14).

This Climate Change Management Plan focuses on

strategies in adaptation and regional management
towards the ever changing climate and rapid
population growth set to impact SEQ. Thorough

In addition to population growth, SEQ is subject to the

research has led to identify five key issue areas

global issue of climate change. Under a medium

within the region; water resource management,

emissions scenario it is predicted SEQ will undergo an

biodiversity conservation, transport, agriculture and

average temperature increase of 0.9C by 2030, with

the tourism industries.

a heightened frequency of heatwaves (DERM, 2009c

p. 8). Rainfall in SEQ is expected to drop by 3% yearly
however; the intensity of rainfall is expected to
increase, possibly leading to flooding events (DERM,
2009c p. 8). With higher temperatures and less
rainfall, evaporation is likely to increase by 3% with
the possibility of expanding to 6% (DERM, 2009c p. 8).

Regional Overview

Treasury, 2011 p. 14). It is estimated that the SEQ

Curtis Falls, Mount Tamborine

2.1 Regional Attributes and Linkages

A number of key linkages are present within SEQ,

however, there exists some broken or missing
connections, and these are illustrated in figure 2.
Motorways are present within SEQ connecting the
costal urban areas, however, the only east-west

arterial road is the Warrego Highway (Ipswich

Motorway). Similarly a lack of coverage exists for
public transportation, such as heavy rail, outside of
the coastal urban areas and to the south as heavy rail
does not extend into N.S.W.
As a tourist hotspot, the region has several external
links. The region is often visited by domestic and
international tourists. These tourists are able to use
the aforementioned transport linkage to travel
throughout the region to tourist locations across the
coastline and in the hinterland. As SEQ has a strong
economy and heavily populated it has established
itself as a major economic hub. International airports
and seaports allow both importing and exporting of
goods. The motorways extending beyond the SEQ
boarders permit interstate trade.

Regional Attributes and Linkages

SEQs popularity and sustained growth can be

associated to the number of key regional attributes.
These attribute include natural asset in promoting
SEQs attractive image and lifestyle including national
parks, rich biodiversity, popular beaches and other
ecotourism areas as illustrated in Figure 1. The
economy of SEQ relies heavily on tourism and
agriculture, figure one demonstrates rural production
areas and ecotourism hotspots. In order to service
SEQ regionally important infrastructure exists
including international and regional airports,
motorways and heavy rail connecting urban and
regional areas as displayed in Figure 1.

Regional Attributes Map

Figure 2.1: SEQ Attribute Map

Regional Linkages Map

Figure 1.2: SEQ Linkages Map

Mount Warning Drive, Mount Warning

2.3 Regional Key Issue Area

Agriculture, Skilled workforce shortage and a

reduction in quality agricultural land
Water Management, Water shortages and
water over consumption.

Tourism, Dependency on costal-tourism

susceptible to climate change and population
pressures
Transport, Peak oil and undeveloped
transport network.
Land-use, urban sprawl encroaching of fertile
agricultural land and environmentally
sensitive areas. Housing, employment and
infrastructure requirements. Centralised
housing, employment and services in major
cities.

More information on issue areas, environmental

assessments and prior studies can be found within
CCAPSEQ Vol 2

Regional Issue Areas

After the scoping study identified regionally

significant attributes and key linkages, impacts
derived from RCP 6.0 regarding projected population
increase and climatic effects were applied to SEQ. The
resulting list of issue areas were assessed against
criteria in order to outline the most at risk issue areas,
these being: tourism, water availability, agriculture,
land-use and transportation. An environmental
assessment of each issue area was undertaken
providing the foremost problems in each area and are
displayed in figure 3. Major issues found for each area
include:

Regional Issue Areas Map

Figure 2.3: SEQ Issue Areas Map

Moran Falls, Mount Tamborine

Several planning documents attempt to mould SEQ

into a stronger region through development
guidelines and the provision of infrastructure. The
main regional planning document applicable to SEQ
is the South-East Queensland Regional Plan (SEQRP).
The SEQRP focuses on the economic side of the
states development, providing little in the way of
adaptation measures against climate change and
population growth. Whilst the regional plan does
raise climate change and population growth as
problems facing the state, the strategic framework
provided in the document fails to address these
issues. The SEQRP is supported by a number of
documents issued by the regions governmental
stakeholders such as Department of Transport and
Main Roads (DTMR) (Connecting SEQ) and
Department of Energy and Water (DEW) (SEQ Water
Strategy). An analysis of current management
frameworks (CCAPSEQ Vol 2 Section 4.0) found that
current strategic planning policies do not adequately
reflect the myriad of challenges presented by
climate change and rapid population growth.
The current management frameworks have shown
that the two government departments responsible

for generating growth within the region are

Department Infrastructure Local Government
Planning (DILGP) and DTMR. Whilst DILGP is
responsible for the coordination of key hard
infrastructure and standards to which developments
should adhere to, DTMR plays a key role in
connecting the RLRPA to heavily populated urban
areas. Whilst other stakeholders will be affected by
this CCAPSEQ, it is important to recognise the role
that DILGP and DTMR play in providing the scaffold
for regional development.
Despite the important roles which DILGP and DTMR
fulfil, analysis of their respective strategic planning
documents has shown that both departments
primarily focus on urban areas with improvement to
regional areas seen as a by-product of policies to
urban areas.
Other key stakeholders in the region include not for
profit organisations, research institutions and, most
importantly, the residents and businesses of SEQ. A
detailed analysis of the regions stakeholders is
provided in Section 5.0 CCAPSEQ VOL 2.

Management Frameworks and Stakeholders

2.4 Management Frameworks and Stakeholders

3.0 Agriculture
The agricultural industry in SEQ focuses on cropping

such as high intensity cyclones and storms causing

and livestock production of food, wool and raw

potential decreases in crop yields, pasture growth

materials. The prosperity gained from this industry

and livestock production (DERM 2009a). Population

provides employment and generates economic gains

growth in the RLRPA will further impact agriculture.

for the region. Climate change will directly impact the

Causing greater demands on the production of food

agriculture industry through extreme weather events

and

such as high intensity cyclones and frequent drought

unsustainable

periods. An increase in population will create

problems of soil nutrient loss and land degradation.

additional pressures on the industry through greater

The need for appropriate actions to conserve

demands for food and other materials.

agricultural land is essential for supplying the

will have to adapt to more extreme weather events

materials

which

management

regional production demand.

may
practices

result

in

causing

Agriculture

As climate change intensifies, the agriculture industry

other

Strong Agriculture, Strong Economy

GOAL 1.1: THE AGRICULTURAL
INDUSTRY REMAINS ECONOMICALLY
VIABLE

Strategy 1.1.1A - 1.1.2A For SEQs agriculture

Objective 1.1.1: By 2035, increase the

skilled agricultural workforce by 15%.

agricultural sector with a skilled workforce an

Strategy 1.1.1A: Implementation of an

agricultural workplace pathway
campaign.

implemented under the newly formed Department of

Objective 1.1.2: By 2035, 30% of the

agricultural workforce contains a
tertiary education within the
agricultural sector.

Queensland Government under the Department of

skilled workforce will be required. To provide the

agricultural workplace pathway campaign will be
Agricultural Education and Training (see strategy
1.2.2A below). This program will be overseen by
Agriculture and Fisheries. The agricultural workplace
pathway campaign will be funded from the
Department of Agriculture and Fisheries budget.

Strategy 1.1.3A The creation of bio-fuel from

agricultural waste has been widely implemented

Objective 1.1.3: By 2035, 50% of

agricultural waste is used to create biofuel.

throughout many countries and involves extracting

Strategy 1.1.3A: Implementation of a

campaign to promote bio-fuel.

effective in reducing green waste burning by

Objective 1.1.4: By 2035, 75% of SEQs

agricultural land is of high quality.

our dependency on fossil fuels (Demirbas, Balat, and

Strategy 1.1.4A: Implement

conservation farming techniques
throughout SEQ.

SEQ by Department of Agriculture and Fisheries in

Strategy 1.1.4B: Implement incentives

for stakeholders to adopt conservation
farming practices.

bioethanol from green agricultural waste material

(Demirbas, Balat, and Balat, 2009). It has been
agriculture while also lowering fuel prices by reducing
Balat, 2009). This campaign will be implemented in
conjunction with the Clean Energy Regulator and
funded through a partnership with private energy
sector such as Bioenergy Plantations Australia.

Strategy 1.1.4A - 1.1.4B Conservation farming

practices involves conserving soil quality and reducing
moisture loss by the use of mulch to cover the soil. This
practice also prevents soil erosion and degradation by
reducing the need for tillage of valuable farm land. The
implementation and monitoring of conservation
farming practices within SEQ will be implemented by
Department of Agriculture and Fisheries through the
consultation and incentives for stakeholders and
farmers. The costs of implementing conservation
farming practices will be funded by the Department of
Environment and Heritage Protection state budget.

Agriculture

Strategy 1.1.2A: Involve and engage

universities and TAFEs to increase
agricultural training programs.

sector to continue to be prosperous and sustainable a

Climate Change and Agriculture

Objective 1.2.1: By 2035, water

consumption from agriculture is to be
reduced by 25%.
Strategy 1.2.1A: Reclamation of grey
water for agriculture use.
Objective 1.2.2: By 2035, increase
knowledge of agricultural sustainable
management practices.
Strategy 1.2.2A: Implement a
Department of Agricultural Education and
Training.
Objective 1.2.3: By 2035, 50% of
agriculture within SEQ will implement
climate smart practices.
Strategy 1.2.3A: Implementation of
agricultural conservation easements
program.

Strategy 1.2.1A The reclamation of grey water for

agricultural use has been implemented through the
world and has been shown to drastically reduce the
agricultural intensity on water resources (Cordell,
Drangert, and White, 2009). This process involves
collecting wastewater from the urban environment
and treating it to remove any impurities, while no
longer potable, recycled water is effective for
irrigation and farming purposes. The implementation
of grey water for agricultural use will be controlled by
Department of Energy and Water Supply and enforced
by the Queensland Water Commission and will be
funded through the sale of the treated water. It is
important to note that the money which will be
expended on the treated water will be reflected in
cheaper water licence permits.

Strategy 1.2.2A The Department of Agricultural

Education and Training will be a new department
focusing on providing training and knowledge to
students within the agricultural sector in order to
develop a skilled workforce for SEQs agricultural
sector. To implement a Department of Agricultural
Education and Training will allow greater
communication between governing bodies, tertiary
education institutes, employers and students. This
department would be implemented by Department of
Agriculture and Fisheries and funded by the Australian
Federal Governments Smart Futures Fund.

Strategy 1.2.3A Agricultural conservation

easements programs are designed to provide
financial assistance to protect and conserve,
through converting agricultural land, for nonagricultural use. The Department of State,
Infrastructure and Planning will oversee the
implementation of the agricultural conservation
easements program, enforced by Local
Government and funded an introduced property
tax levy controlled by the Australian Tax Office.

Agriculture

GOAL 1.2: THE SEQ AGRICULTURAL

INDUSTRY IS SUSTAINABLE AND
RESILIENT TO CLIMATE CHANGE

Hinze Dam, Gold Coast

4.0 Water
Waterways are as intrinsic to SEQ as the

water contamination. A growing population will

beautiful landscape and relaxed lifestyle that

additionally result in higher demand and

defines the region. They are valuable in a variety

consumption of limited water resources.

Waterways

provide

transport

services,

recreational activities and scenic amenity to

locals and tourists alike, as well as billions of
dollars in industrial production on an annual
basis. It is for this reason that water and
waterways in SEQ must be managed sustainably
and efficiently, especially with climate change
and rapid population growth impacting the
region.
Climate change and rapid population growth
impacts could adversely affect water quality and
supply. Water reduction could occur in regional
supply systems due to evaporation under high
temperatures, while severe weather events and
Continual urban development increase risk of

A list of goals, objectives and strategies

provided below aims to protect water in SEQ so
that the regions environment, economy and
society will not only be preserved, but prosper,
well into the future. For more detail on how
these goals and objected were formulated, see
CCAPSEQ

Vol

2,

for

water

management case study analysis.

demand

Water

of ways: ecologically, economically and socially.

Water for the Future

Objective 2.1.1: By 2025, reduce

consumption of water resources by 25%.
Strategy 2.1.1A: Introduce new water
pricing scheme in regional SEQ
Strategy 2.1.1B: Distribute water-saving
technologies to SEQ residents and
businesses.

GOAL 2.2: ENSURE RESILIENCE OF

WATER QUALITY AND AVAILABILITY
AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE IMPACTS IN
THE REGION
Objective 2.2.1: Implement watersaving innovations into water supply
network from 2016
Strategy 2.2.1A: Find effective and
sustainable water-saving technologies
Strategy 2.2.1B: Determine optimal
location for installation within water
supply network.
Objective 2.2.2: Introduce water-saving
innovations into new developments
from 2016
Strategy 2.2.2A: Find water-saving
technologies suitable for implementing in
new developments
Strategy 2.2.2B: Enforce installation
through development policy
Objective 2.2.3: Protect natural water
sources from environmental
degradation by 2020
Strategy 2.2.3A: Identify water systems
in need of environmental protection
Strategy 2.2.3B: Implement
maintenance of threatened water
systems

Strategy 2.1.1A Study data on water consumption,

household type and levels of income in residential
zones to determine efficient and equitable water
pricing to be implemented by 2016.
Strategy 2.1.1B Research, identify and invest in
water-saving technologies suitable for residential
and business use. Offer discounted prices on these
technologies to residents and businesses through
educational campaigns.
Strategy 2.2.1A and Strategy 2.2.2A Research,
identify and invest in water-saving technologies
suitable for installation into existing/ future water
supply facilities. This research will be commissioned
by the Department of Energy and Water Supply.
Strategy 2.2.1B Investigate existing water supply
facilities, or implement outside to expand supply
network through local water supply sources.
Strategy 2.2.2B Research development criteria and
formulate policy/policies to regulate installation of
water-saving technologies where appropriate.
Strategy 2.3.3A Investigate and identify water
systems in need of priority environmental protection
using scientific evaluation.
Strategy 2.3.3B Source and employ ecologists and
other experts to carry out maintenance of
threatened water systems.

Water

GOAL 2.1: PROVIDE A SECURE AND

EFFICIENT SUPPLY OF WATER FOR THE
REGIONS GROWING POPULATION

Surfers Paradise, Gold Coast

5.0 Tourism
Extreme weather events and changing weather

prosperity for rural areas, the objective of

patterns such as floods, storm surges, cyclones

diversifying

and coastal erosion can become detrimental to

advertising and promoting will diminish

the region. These climatic events can decrease

dependence on coastal tourism and achieve a

consumer desire and pose significant loss to

sustainable future for SEQ.

reputation that SEQ thrives on. This will

ultimately, jeopardise the economic wellbeing of
the region as it will become less attractive due to
the volatile weather.

industries

through

CCAPSEQ delivers a key development to

encourage and diversify sustainable tourism
practices to adhere to the abovementioned
issues. These goals, objectives and strategies
were

developed

aligning

with

Cutt.Cos

SEQ will experience an increased risk of erosion,

strategic vision; Ensuring a prosperous,

which will significantly impact coastal areas,

liveable and sustainable regional South-East

ultimately generating economic hardship for the

Queensland, resilient to climate change and

region as a result in a loss of tourism. Peak oil,

rapid population growth. Tourism Australia

fluctuating economies and undiversified tourism

and TEQ will implement and be accountable for

products have the ability to significantly impact

the success for the SEQ tourism industry.

the SEQ tourism industry. To guarantee financial

Tourism

SEQs biodiversity as well as destroy the

tourism

A Strong and Diversified Tourism Industry

Objective 3.1.1: Enhance tourism

experiences in the regional landscape by
35% by 2025
Strategy 3.1.1A: Integrate agritourism in
SEQ to encourage diversification into this
tourism sector
Objective 3.1.2: Increase number of
local tourists to the regional landscape
by 60% by 2035
Strategy 3.1.2A: Local discounts and
promotional packages to generate
business

GOAL 3.2: ENSURING CONTINUING

FLOW OF TOURISTS AND TOURISM
REVENUE IN SEQ
Objective
3.2.1:
Expand
recovery
developments to respond to natural
disasters to threshold economic influences
from loss of tourism by 2020
Strategy 3.2.1A: Work with local media
or develop marketing campaigns to cover
the recovery of the disaster zone to
assure tourists of their safety after a
disaster
Strategy 3.2.1B: Create a better coping
mechanism when dealing with cancellations
(legislation/guide) to reduce economic impact

Strategy 3.1.1A Diversifying agricultural land

for tourism use across the RLRPA, injecting
diverse tourism products and economic
advantage to rural areas. This reduces stress on
coastal attractions and injects economic growth
in RLRPA. Marketing campaigns, although
expensive, would be beneficial to attract an
influx of tourists to this new diversification in
tourism products. Department of Tourism,
Major Events, Small Business and the
Commonwealth Games (DTMESB) will instil this
strategy.
Strategy 3.1.2A Promotional packages present
within the RLRPA include an urban and rural stay
offer (e.g. stay 2 nights in the urban area of SEQ
and 2 nights in rural areas and get 1 night free).
Enhancing initial desire for business and entice
international tourists, however, this strategy will
only have transient impact. Private tourism
enterprises are sole providers for application.
Strategy 3.2.1A Tourism within SEQ will
benefit from the development of adequate
coping legislations and guides, providing best
practice of management and protection of
cancellations, ensuring profit margins in the
event of a disaster. Tourism Queensland and
local councils such as the Queensland Tourism
Industry Council will conduct development of
adequate legislations and guides for SEQ.
Strategy 3.2.1A Introduction of marketing
campaigns restoring misconstrued stigmas and
assurance to future tourist location within the
RLRPA, after a climatic disaster. While costly,
marketing campaigns have the ability to reach a
local and international audience increasing
consumer desire and attracting tourists. DTESB
and DSDIP will implement recovery marketing
campaigns
pg. 16

Tourism

GOAL 3.1: DIVERSIFY TYPES OF

TOURISM IN SEQ (ECOTOURISM,
CULTURAL, ADVENTURE, EVENT,
AGRITOURISM, FOOD AND WINE
TOURISM)

Surfers Paradise, Gold Coast

6.0 Transportation
The RLRPA within SEQ is often found to be

allowing them to share the load associated

underserviced when compared with urban

with the doubling of our population.

communities in the RLRPA across the

country, it is important for the future of
SEQ to reconnect these rural areas to the
three major cities of the region as to
provide access to key services. Partly as a
result of the disconnect between rural and
urban areas, Australians have flocked to
cities in order to be closer to key services
and

employment.

With

Australias

population set to reach 40 million people

by 2050 (DSDIP 2014), it is essential that

In order to protect and enhance our

existing transport linkages between RLRPA
and urban areas, several goals have been
developed which aim to provide SEQ.
These goals reflect the constraints placed
on the transport sector by peak oil,
population growth and climate change.
The following pages briefly outline the
strategies which should be adopted in
order to circumvent the issues that these
constraints cause.

we begin to connect our cities to the RLRPA

pg. 17

Transport

areas. Whilst this has become the norm for

Planning for a Busier Future without Oil

Objective 4.1.1: Modal Shift of 10%

towards Public Transport/ Active
Transport by 2025
Strategy 4.1.1A: Expand existing heavy
rail network into regional centres
Strategy 4.1.1B: Invest in bus routes
between towns within the RLRPA
Objective 4.1.2: A 20% reduction in
vehicle kilometres travelled (VKT) for
freight vehicles by 2025
Strategy 4.1.2A: Identify and develop
freight activity centres in rural and
metropolitan SEQ

GOAL 4.2: DELIVER A FASTER AND SAFER

ROAD NETWORK FOR REGIONAL
MOTORISTS
Objective 4.2.1: Improve 2015 level of
service (LOS) on regional roads by 2035
Strategy 4.2.1A: Upgrade existing
regional motorways
Strategy 4.2.1A: Trial a congestion
charge on congested motorways
Objective 3.2.2: Improve the 2015 level
crash rate of regional motorways by 2020
Strategy 3.2.2A: Conduct biennial road
safety audits (RSAs) of key regional
motorways
Strategy 3.2.2B: Provide downgrade
passing lanes on all roads which exceed
4000 vehicles per day (vpd)

Strategy 4.1.1A and Strategy 4.1.2A both

involve improvements to the current public
transport network. In particular, the public
transport network will be expanded into the
RLRPA. Existing contractors will be offered the
rights to operate and construct proposed public
transport routes. Both strategies will seek to
involve the Commonwealth Government and
the Queensland Government in the funding
model.
Strategy 4.1.2A Freight activity centres are
large areas near shipping ports and airports,
zoned for use by warehouses. Goods from these
activity centres are then exported en masse to
the region. This policy will be implemented by
DILGP. CCAPSEQ Vol 2 (Section 9.3.1) provides
more information on freight activity centres and
how they will be implemented in SEQ.
Strategy 4.2.1A Strategy 4.2.2B will be solely
implemented by DTMR with funding to be
obtained from both the Commonwealth
Government and the Queensland Government
as extensions of existing programs. Funds
obtained through Strategy 4.2.1B will be used to
partially fund Strategy 4.2.1A.
Strategy 4.2.2A Traffic engineers using RSAs
determine the safety of roads and how closely
they conform to the standards established in
DTMRs Road Planning and Design Manual and
Austroads Guide to Road Design. These RSAs
will be undertaken by independent consultants
for DTMR.

pg. 18

Transport

GOAL 4.1: ALLOW THE TRANSPORT

SECTOR TO CONTINUE TO DRIVE THE
ECONOMY WHILST REDUCING RELIANCE
ON OIL

Planning for a Busier Future without Oil

Objective 4.3.1: Ensure 60% of key

regional roads are resistant to 1 in 100
year floods by 2030
Strategy 4.3.1A: Update Road Planning
and Design Manual (RPDM) to ensure all
new roads are flood resistant
Strategy 4.3.1B: Upgrade roadside
drainage on key regional roads

Strategy 4.3.1A and Strategy 4.3.1B Roadside

drainage is important infrastructure which
allows the regions road network to continue to
operate during heavy rainfall. However, the
states current drainage system is considered
sub-standard when compared to drainage in
other flood prone areas around the world.
Roadside drainage upgrades will be jointly
implemented by DTMR and the DILGP. These
upgrades will be solely funded by the
Queensland Government. CCAPSEQ Vol 2
(Section 9.3.4) provides more information on
drainage. Strategy 4.3.2A will also be funded
and implemented by DTMR and DILGP and will
be implemented in conjunction with upgrades
derived from Strategy 4.2.1A and Strategy
4.2.2A.

Transport

GOAL 4.3: DESIGN AND UPGRADE THE

ROAD NETWORK AS TO ALLOW FOR ALL
WEATHER EVENTS

pg. 19

7.0 Land Use

The continuing rapid population growth

continues to expand thanks to increasing

SEQ is experiencing places pressure on

population growth and has led to habitat

land-use within the region. Urban sprawl

fragmentation for SEQs fauna and flora

continues

fertile

and national parks especially within Scenic

agricultural land and environmentally

Rim. Additionally, this urban sprawl

sensitive areas.

continues to encroach on the fertile

expand

onto

Throughout the RLRPA it is estimated an

additional 148 000 dwellings are to be
constructed prior to 2031 (DIPa 2009,
p.91). Moreover, employment, services
and

infrastructure

need

to

be

implemented for the growing population.

Large cities including Gold Coast and
Sunshine

Coast

are

expanding

agricultural land. Section 3 outlines the

economic

and

social

benefits

the

agricultural industry provides for SEQ. The

future population of SEQ must be
accommodated
natural

while

environment

preserving
and

the

fertile

agricultural land in order for SEQ to

continue to function.

unconventionally due to the popularity of

low-density housing leading to urban
sprawl (Spearritt, 2009). This urban sprawl

pg. 20

Land Use

to

Protecting the Rural Production Area

GOAL 5.1: PREVENT URBAN SPRAWL

ENCROACHING ON FERTILE
AGRICULTURAL LAND AND
ENVIRONMENTALLY SENSITIVE AREAS
Objective 5.1.1: Prevent the rezoning of
urban footprint on fertile agricultural land
and environmentally sensitive areas
beyond 2015 boundaries
Strategy 5.1.1A: Prohibit the rezoning of
fertile agricultural or environmentally
sensitive land to urban footprint across all
council areas in SEQ
Strategy 5.1.1B: Review and tightening of
the stringent overriding needs test of
developments allowing local councils to
change current land-use categories and
overlays identified in the SEQRP
GOAL 5.2: DISTRIBUTE POPULATION
GROWTH AND EMPLOYMENT
OPPORTUNITIES THROUGHOUT SEQS
RLRPA
Objective 5.2.1: Increase densities
within identified growth area (IGA) in
order to accommodate 20% of SEQs
population growth (detailed density
targets for each IGA are present within
CCAPSEQ Vol 2).
Strategy 5.2.1A:
Establish Priority
Development Area (PDA) of each IGA town
centres allowing incentives and fast
tracked DA processes
Strategy 5.2.1B: Height restrictions within
IGA are to be increased from 2-3 storeys by
utilising transfer development rights
allowing higher densities.
Objective 5.2.2:
Diversification
regional employment

of

Strategy 5.2.1A:
Fast track National
Broadband Network rollout to IGAs

Strategy 5.1.1A Assessment and research will

be undertaken by universities within the region
in order to prevent other priorities of
government from shaping policy. This research
and assessment will identify environmentally
sensitive areas and fertile agricultural ground.
These areas are prohibited from being rezoned
by local and state councils ensuing they are
protected from being developed and assisting in
stopping urban sprawl.
Strategy 5.1.1B - The stringent overriding needs
test is to be reviewed and altered by the
Queensland Government. Changes should
ensure developments must meet more highly
selective criteria before local councils are
permitted to change land-use categories and
overlays from the South East Queensland
Regional Plan (SEQRP). This significantly limits
urban sprawl and allows the spread of
development to be contained by the urban
growth boundary identified in the SEQRP.
Strategy 5.2.1A Economic Development
Queensland (EDQ) has the capacity to declare an
area a PDA. Through this process EDQ works
closely with local governments in order to
respond to a need including rapid population
growth. PDAs provide a fast-tracked
development application process and provide
relaxed planning requirements in order to
respond to needs of businesses and
communities. A thorough investigation and
analysis of creating PDAs in SEQ can be located
within CCAPSEQ VOL 2.
Goal 5.2 continued overleaf

Strategy 5.2.1B: Support for emerging

industries and new businesses operating
within IGA through low interest loans
pg. 21

Protecting the Rural Production Area

Objective 5.1.1: Prevent the rezoning of

urban footprint on fertile agricultural land
and environmentally sensitive areas beyond
2015 boundaries
Strategy 5.1.1A: Prohibit the rezoning of
fertile agricultural or environmentally
sensitive land to urban footprint across all
council areas in SEQ
Strategy 5.1.1B: Review and tightening of the
stringent overriding needs test of
developments allowing local councils to
change current land-use categories and
overlays identified in the SEQRP
GOAL 5.2: DISTRIBUTE POPULATION
GROWTH AND EMPLOYMENT
OPPORTUNITIES THROUGHOUT SEQS
RLRPA
Objective 5.2.1: Increase densities
within IGAs in order to accommodate
20% of SEQs population growth
Strategy 5.2.1A:
Establish Priority
Development Area of each IGA town
centres allowing incentives and fast
tracked DA processes
Strategy 5.2.1B:
Height restrictions
within IGA are to be increased from 2-3
storeys by utilising transfer development
rights allowing higher densities.
Objective 5.2.2:
Diversification of
regional employment
Strategy 5.2.1A:
Fast track National
Broadband Network (NBN) rollout to IGAs

Strategy 5.2.1B Transfer of development

rights allows individuals and organisations in
rural low-density areas (giving area) to sell the
unused height restrictions to development
companies permitting the construction of higher
density in IGAs (receiving area). Giving areas are
to be determined by local governments and all
transfers must be approved by council
preventing a runaway effect. A case study
centring transfer development rights can be
found in CCAPSEQ VOL 2 (Section 10.3.3)
detailing implementation within SEQ.
Strategy 5.2.1A NBN.CO was created in 2009
and is owned and funded by the Commonwealth
Government. NBN.CO has been tasked with the
design, construction and operation of the NBN.
This Government Business enterprise works
with local governments, however, implementing
infrastructure can be expensive. In response
NBN.CO has created a co-development program
allowing third parties to assists in providing
infrastructure thus fast tracking the
implementation (NBNCO 2015).
Strategy 5.2.1B There are various government
agencies that provide affordable loans through
different programs. The main criterion for this
loan is the business must be operating (or plan
to operate) in an IGA. In order to prevent over
allocation of funds, a monetary allowance is to
be provided and determined by government
each year for the duration of the program (10
years).

Strategy 5.2.1B: Support for emerging

industries and new businesses operating
within IGA through low interest loans

pg. 22

Land Use

GOAL 5.1: PREVENT URBAN SPRAWL

ENCROACHING ON FERTILE AGRICULTURAL
LAND AND ENVIRONMENTALLY SENSITIVE
AREAS

Building Up, Not Out

Objective 5.3.1: Proportion of infill

development verses fringe (suburban)
development equals 40% throughout
Scenic Rim, Summerset and Lockyer
council areas by 2035
Strategy 5.3.1A: Imposing impact fees on
developers constructing estates or strata
title structures outside of IGA centres.
Strategy 5.3.1B: Imposing impact fees on
developers constructing estates or strata
title structures outside of IGA centres
Objective 5.3.2: 40% decline in new
housing developments accommodating
50 or more people situated outside of IGA
Strategy 5.3.1A: Application of urban
service boundary surrounding IGA ensuring
developers must pay installation of
required infrastructure

Strategy 5.3.1A Developers constructing

estates and or strata title developments will be
charged impact fees covering the cost for local
governments to provide both physical and social
infrastructure to distant areas. It is possible the
developer may transfer these cost to residents
through higher housing costs. The resulting
higher cost acts as a deterrent for urban sprawl.
Additionally these fees can be transitioned into
providing low interest loans for businesses
(Strategy 5.2.1B).
Strategy 5.3.1B Local governments will only
supply required services and infrastructure to a
specified distance from the IGA centre ensuring
development outside of this boundary must pay
the price of sprawl. The distances will vary for
each IGA, a review of current infrastructure and
cost undertaken by local councils strategic
planning team will determine the distance the
boundary resides from each urban centre. The
increased cost of infrastructure provision can
lead to innovative alternatives as explored in
CCAPSEQ VOL 2 (Section 10.2.2).
Strategy 6.3.1 Mixed-use development is set
to become a common urban form within IGAs.
However, mixed-use developments are
associated with greater costs. In response
government agencies (both state and or local)
may enter into a partnership with single or
multiple private companies. This partnership
allows the additional costs to be offset.
Combining this strategy with the support for
emerging industries and new businesses
(Strategy 5.2.1B) increases the viability of
mixed-use developments. A case study can be
found in CCAPSEQ VOL 2 (Section 10.3.4).

pg. 23

Land Use

GOAL 5.3: ENCOURAGE COMPACT,

DENSE, MIXED- DEVELOPMENT WITHIN
SEQS URBAN FOOTPRINT AND IGA AREAS

Linkages Map
Figure 8: Spatial Strategy Diagram

pg. 24

9.0 Timeline
Figure 9.1 below shows the implementation schedule of the listed strategies. This implementation schedule is
subject to funding approvals from the Commonwealth Government and the Queensland Government.

Issue Area

Agriculture

2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 2030 2031 2032 2033 2034 2035
1.1.1A Implement agricultural pathways campaign
1.1.2A Increase agricultural education through universities and TAFEs
1.1.3A Implement bio-fuel campaign
1.1.4A Implement conservation farming techniques
1.1.4B Implement incentives for conservation
1.2.1A Reclaim agricultural grey water
1.2.2A Implement a Dept. of Agricultural Education and Training
1.2.3A Implement agricultural easements program
2.1.1A Introduce water pricing scheme
2.1.1B Distribute water saving technologies
2.2.1A Research water saving technologies

Water

2.2.1B Implement water saving devices in existing developments

2.2.2A Change development policy to reflect WSUD and researched technologies
2.2.3A Identify water systems which need protection
2.2.3B Maintain threatened water systems
3.1.1A Integrate agritourism
3.1.2A Provide local discounts
3.2.1A Post-disaster marketing campaign
3.2.1B New legislation for disaster-related cancellations

Transport

4.1.1A Expand Heavy Rail Network

4.1.1B Increase bus services in RLRPA
4.1.2A Develop Freight Activity Centres
4.2.1A Upgrade existing regional motorways
4.2.1B Trial congestion charge
4.2.2A Undertake biennial RSAs
4.2.2B Provide downgrade passing lanes
4.3.1A Update RPDM (flooding)
4.3.1B Upgrade roadside drainage

Land Use

5.1.1A Prohibit rezoning of agricultural land to urban footprint

5.1.1B Review stringent overriding needs test for local councils
5.2.1A Establish PDAs in IGA town centres
5.2.1B Increase height restrictions in IGAs
5.2.2A Fast track NBN rollout to IGAs
5.2.2B Low interest loans for businesses in IGAs
5.3.1A Impose fees on construction outside of IGAs
5.3.2A Apply urban service boundary to IGAs
5.3.3A Public-Private Partnership in mixed use developments

Implementation Schedule

Tourism

Figure 9.1: Implementation Timeline

pg. 25

10.0 Strategic Framework

The strategic framework for agriculture shows how
the goals and objectives work in conjunction with
each other to provide a sustainable, prosperous
and liveable SEQ. For SEQs agricultural sector to
remain economically viable it is essential that a
workforce skilled in agriculture is available.
Therefore, Cutt Co.s strategic framework involves
providing career pathways for tertiary education
for agricultural training. This is also reflected in
Cutt Co.s strategy of engaging universities and
TAFE institutions to increase agricultural training
programs. However, it is also important that the
agricultural sector reduces its dependency on fossil
fuels, water consumption and a reduction of
impacts on the environment. Cutt Co. has
developed a strategic framework which aims in
reducing the dependency on fossil fuels through
the implementation of a bio-fuel reclamation
program which aims at recycling green waste for
bio-ethanol use. Water consumption will be
reduced by the reuse of reclaimed urban grey
water and finally, the adoption of conservation
farming techniques which will reduce tillage, soil
erosion and moisture loss on agricultural land.

10.2 Water Management

Water management strategic framework has been
established by Cutt Co. to provide an efficient and
secure supply of water for growing SEQ. To reduce
the consumption of water, the introduction of a
new water pricing scheme in conjunction with
water saving technology will be implemented. This
will also maintain water availability and water
quality in the event of climate change impacts. The
implementation of effective water saving
technology, the identification of water systems
which require environmental protection and the
maintenance and monitoring of impacted water
systems will provide an effective strategic
framework for protecting natural water sources
and reducing water consumption throughout the
SEQ region.

10.3 Tourism

variety of tourism types. This will be achieved by

enhancing the experience of tourists and therefore
increasing the number of tourists visiting regional
SEQ. To accomplish this Cutt Co. has developed a
strategic framework to promote agritourism which
will encourage tourists to regional SEQ and
provided promotional packages and local
discounts to ensure that tourism levels remain high
year round.

10.4 Land Use

The strategic framework for land use within RLRPA
is designed to prevent urban sprawl whilst also
distributing population increases and employment
opportunities. The reduction of urban sprawl is
important to prevent the encroachment of urban
development on agricultural land protecting the
food production for the increasing population of
the region and will be achieved by preventing the
rezoning of important agricultural land. Cutt Co.
has also developed a strategic framework to
distribute future population and employment
opportunities by establishing PDAs in IGA town
centres, fast tracking DA approval times and the
height restriction of developments within the IGA
is to be increased to allow higher densities.

10.5 Transportation
The strategic framework for transportation sector
within RLRPA allowing the economy will continue
to grow whilst reducing the dependency on oil, the
road networks remain safe and the road network
upgrades are achieved to allow for severe weather
events. To achieve this
Cutt Co.s strategic
framework focus on improving the heavy rail
network to IGAs, then providing linkages with
additional bus routes. This will result in a reduction
in heavy vehicles on roads which will increase road
safety. For SEQ roads to become resilient to severe
weather events Cutt Co. has developed a strategy
of upgrading roadside drainage for key regional
roads to reduce the likelihood of road flooding.
This will be used in conjunction with an updated
Road Planning and Design Manual to ensure future
road construction is flood resistant.

For tourism in SEQ to remain economically viable,

it is important that the sector provides a diverse
pg. 26

Strategic Framework

10.1 Agriculture

10.0 IPCC Evaluation

The threat of climate change and population
growth is a key concern for the future of the region
and by implementing appropriate strategies, the
region will grow and diversify into a liveable,
connected and prosperous region that is resilient to
climate change. With a current population of
three million residents, it is Australias fastest
growing region and is projected to reach 4.4 million
by 2031 (Office of Economic and Statistical
Research 2011; Department of Environment and
Resource Management (DERM) 2009).
The effects of change in climate still remain
unknown to the potential variability and extent we
are to see. Figure 10.1 (below) demonstrates the
aspects of future climate change in which there is
greater confidence to the climate variability we are
going to witness. It is evident that there is high
confidence of changes in CO2 concentrations,
regional changes and extremes in temperature as
well as changes in regional rainfall.
In the last decade SEQs average annual
temperature has increased by 0.4C and is believed
to continue to increase by 0.5C to 1.5C by 2030.
Rainfall in the SEQ region has also declined in the
past decade by nearly 16% and is expected to

continue to decline into the future by at least 5%

by 2030. The region is also expected to have a 10%
increase in cyclonic activity and storm surges which
is expected to create sea level rises of at least 0.30
metres by 2030 (DERM 2009; Grains Research and
Development Corporation 2011). Queenslands
C02 emissions were 155 million tonnes in 2009 and
are projected to increase to 185 million tonnes by
2020. Although Queensland remains a high
emitter in absolute and per capita terms, the state
has demonstrated the greatest reductions in
recent years compared to other states (DERM
2011). Therefore emission increases in SEQ are
projected to remain lower than current global
emissions trends.
The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
(IPCC) assesses scientific, technical and socioeconomic elements relevant to understanding the
risks of climate change. The IPCC provides advice to
the United Nations Framework Convention on
Climate Change (UNFCC) and its relevant bodies.
With the establishment of varying scenarios, the
IPCC has covered a wide range of driving forces of
future emissions from economic, technological and
demographic developments. The Special Report on
Emissions Scenarios have been created to provide
alternative images of the future and have become
pg. 27

IPCC Evaluation

2011 Brisbane Floods, Brisbane

a key component for policy makers to determine

the extremity of policies needed for climate change
mitigation and adaptation purposes. The scenarios
are represented in four families formally known as
representative concentration pathways (RCP) 2.6,
RCP 4.5, RCP 6.0 and RCP 8.5. (IPCC 2014).
For the purpose of providing the SEQ region with
local solutions in achieving economic, social and
environmental sustainability, the objectives and
strategies of the SEQ Climate Change Management
Plan 2015-2035 are in line with the projections of
the RCP 6.0 scenario. RCP 6.0 describes a world of
intermediate population and economic growth,
emphasising local solutions to economic, social,
and environmental sustainability (IPCC 2014).

IPCC Evaluation

The RCP 6.0 scenario presents a particularly

favourable climate for community and social

innovation, especially in view of the high

educational levels.
Land use management
becomes better integrated at the local level and
the focus on human welfare, equality, and
environmental protection all have high priority
under the RCP 6.0 scenario. The issues are
addressed through community-based social
solutions in addition to technical solutions.
Transport infrastructure is a particular focus of
community innovation, and contributes to a low
level of car dependence and less urban sprawl. The
need to use energy and other resources more
efficiently spurs the development of less carbonintensive technology in some regions (IPCC 2000a).
The CCAPSEQ focuses on key issue areas of water
management, transport, agriculture, land-use and
tourism which have proposed goals, objectives and
strategies that meet the projected RCP 6.0
scenario.

Figure 10.1: GHG Emission Pathways

(IPCC 2011)

pg. 28

Binna Burra, South East Queensland

11.0 Conclusion
CCAPSEQ has identified current and

in this strategic framework have been

predicted issues in regard to climate

addressed in affiliation with the set vision

change and rapid population growth that

of Cutt Co. and the IPCC scenario RPC 6.0.

were established and expanded upon from

CCAPSEQ has been produced ensuring the

the past four phases. The identified issues

future of SEQ as a prosperous, liveable and

have significant impact on tourism, water,

sustainable region, resilient to climate

transport, agriculture, and land use within

change and rapid population growth.

the SEQ region. The issues acknowledged

pg. 29

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