Você está na página 1de 5

Name

_ Date

Motion and Energy

_ Class

Chapter Test A

Motion and Energy


Multiple Choice

Write the letter of the correct answer on the line at the left.
1. Speed measurements are given in units of
a. distance/time.
b. time2/distance.
2
c. distance / time .
d. time / distance.
2. Measurements of acceleration are given in units of
a. distance/time.
c. distance Ztime/

b. time/ / distance.
d. time/distance.

3. An airplane that moves 50 meters in one second has a speed of


a. 500 cm/ s.
c. 180,000 m/h.

b. 1,800 km/h.
d. 5,000 m/h.

4. The length of a path between two points is called


a. relative motion
c. velocity

b. distance
d. speed

5. A car traveling at 25 m/ s speeds up to 40 m/ s over a period of


15 seconds. The average acceleration of the car is
a.
b.
c.
d.

1 m/s2.
15 km/s2.
15 m/s2.
cannot be calculated from the information given

6. A rider finishes a 120-km bicycle trip in 3 hours. The average


speed of the rider is
a. 360 km/h.
c. 40 km/h.

b. 3.6 m/s.
d. 4 m/s2.

7. It can be important to know the velocity of an object, not just its


speed, because
a.
b.
c.
d.

velocity also tells acceleration.


speed is always an average.
velocity also tells direction.
speed is useful only for fast-moving objects.

8. A runner starts a 5-km race at 10:15 a.m. and finishes at 10:35 a.m.
Given this information, you can calculate the runner 's
a.
b.
c.
d.

velocity.
average speed.
acceleration
reference point.

Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall. All rights reserved.

96

Name

_ Date

Motion and Energy

_ Class

Chapter Test A

9. What is the formula for calculating mechanical energy?


a.
b.
c.
d.

weight X height
potential energy+ kinetic energy
mass X speed
1/2 X mass X speed/

10. Energy of motion is


a.
b.
c.
d.

potential energy.
chemical energy.
electromagnetic energy.
kinetic energy.

Completion

Fill in the line to complete each statement.


11. An object is in motion if it is moving relative to a(n)
12. To calculate the acceleration of an object moving in a straight line, divide
the change in
by the time during which the
acceleration occurs.
13. The velocity of an object gives both its speed and
14. You can calculate an average
both the total distance and the total time of a trip.

if you know

True or False

If the statement is true, write true. If it isfalse, change the underlined word or words
to make the statement true.
_________________

15. An object cannot be accelerating if it has a constant speed.

_________________

16. The information needed for describing velocity


is distance, time, and direction.

_________________

17. To determine the speed of an object, divide distance by acceleration.

_________________

18. The gravitational potential energy of an object


depends on its weight and its height.

_________________

19. If you know the speed of an object, you also


know the direction of movement.

Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall. All rights reserved.
97

Name

_ Date

Motion and Energy

Class

Chapter Test A

Essay

Write an answer for each of the following questions. If you need more space, use a
separate sheet of paper.
20. You are seated in a train that is stopped at a station. Use two different
reference points to explain that the train can appear to be moving and
not moving.

21. Even if an object is moving at a constant speed, how can it accelerate?


Give two examples.

22. Explain the difference between gravitational potential energy and elastic
potential energy. Give one example of each.

Using Science Skills: Interpreting

Graphs

Earth's continents move at very slow speeds. The graph below shows the movement
of an imaginary continent. Use the graph to answer questions 23 through 25. If you
need more space, use a separate sheet of paper.
Motion of an Imaginary Continent

400

~ 300
u

...lij 200

-----7

'"

15 100

/'

2,000 4,000 6,000


Time (yr)

23. Interpreting
years?

a Graph How far does the continent move in the first 1,000

24. Calculating What is the average speed of the continent over the entire
6,000-year period?
25. Applying Concepts Does the motion of the continent accelerate over the
6,000-year period? Explain.
Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall. Allrights reserved.

98

.----------------------------------

Name
Motion and Energy

_ Date

Class

Chapter Test A

Using Science Skills

The graph below plots the speed of a baseball thrown straight up in the air. Answer
the following questions on the lines provided.
Speed of a Baseball
Thrown Into the Air

t
'Vi'

V1

196
9.8

-r-~."!~~~~~~
i

-+---+--I-f----+---+--

Time (5)

26. Interpreting Graphs What happens to the baseball at 2 seconds?


27. Interpreting Graphs What happens to the baseball at 4 seconds?
28. Interpreting Graphs What is the velocity of the baseball at 3 seconds?

Essay

Write an answer for each of the following questions. If you need more room, use a
separate sheet of paper.
29. Why could it be important to use velocity instead of speed when you
describe how a storm is moving?

30. A child blows on a pinwheel

to start it spinning. Use the law of


conservation of energy to explain why the pinwheel slows and
eventually stops.

Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall. Allrights reserved.

99

Chapter 9 Test A
1. a
2. c
3. c
4. b
5. a
6. c

7. c
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.

b
d

reference point
speed
13. direction
14. speed
15. can
16. true
17. time
18. true
19. velocity
20. Answers may vary. Sample: Using the station as a reference point, the train would not be
moving. Using a nearby moving train as a
reference point, the train would appear to be
moving.
21. Answers mayvary. Sample: An object moving at a constant speed is accelerating if its direction of movement is changing. Possible
examples include Earth orbiting the sun and a
bicycle tire rotating around its axis.
22. Sample answer: Gravitational potential
energy is the energy of a stationary objectpositioned at some height above a refetencepoint,
such as the top seat of a Ferris wheel or a roller
coaster at the top of a rise. (Some students may
add that gravitational potential energy canbe
calculated by multiplying the weight of an
object by. its height.) Elastic potential energy is
the energy ofan.object that has been squeezed
or stretched, such as a coiled spring compressed
bya weight.
23.100 m
24. 5cm/yr
25.. Yes. Its speed changes from 10 cm/yr for
the first 2,000 years to a cm/ yr for the last 2,000
years.

26. It stops moving and reaches maximum


height.
27. Answers may vary. Sample: It hits the
ground. It falls back to the person who threw it.
28. 9.8m/s down
29. Answers may vary. Sample: If you know
the velocity of the storm, you know the direction of movement, which can be used to warn
people in the path of the storm.
30. According to the law of conservation of
energy, energy is never destroyed. The pinwheel slows and eventually stops because the
kinetic energy of its motion changes to heat as it
encounters air resistance. (Some students may
mention friction and the rubbing of the wheel
against the post on which it is mounted.)

Você também pode gostar