Physics 2010

Projek Jawab Untuk Jaya (JUJ) Pahang

LIST OF PHYSICS TERMS and DEFINITION

CHAPTER ONE (INTRODUCTION TO PHYSICS )
ITEM
Physical quantity
Kuantiti fizik
Base quantity
Kuantiti asas
Derived quantity
Kuantiti terbitan
Precision /
Consistency
Kepersisan
Accuracy
Kejituan

Sensitivity
Kepekaan
Error
Ralat
Systematic error
Ralat sistematik

Random error
Ralat rawak

Parallax error
Ralat paralaks

Bahan Seminar

MEANING / DEFINITION
A quantity that can be measured
Kuantiti yang boleh diukur
A physical quantity that cannot be defined in terms of other physical
quantities
Kuantiti fizik yang tidak dapat ditakrifkan dalam sebutan kuantiti fizik
yang lain
A physical quantity that is derived by combining base quantities. This
can be done by multiplication or division or both.
Kuantiti fizik yang dihasilkan daripada gabungan kuantiti asas secara
pendaraban atau pembahagian atau kedua-duanya
A measurement is more consistent when there is a smaller deviation
among the readings.
Suatu pengukuran adalah lebih konsisten apabila terdapat sisihan
yang kecil antara bacaan-bacaan
The accuracy of a measurement is how close the measurement is to
the actual value of the quantity being measured.
A measurement is more accurate when the reading is closer to the
actual value
Suatu pengukuran adalah lebih jitu apabila bacaan itu lebih hampir
kepada nilai sebenar
The ability of an instrument to detect small changes in the physical
quantity that is measured
Kebolehan alat mengesan perubahan kecil pada kuantiti yang diukur.
The difference between the reading obtained and the actual value
Perbezaan antara bacaan yang diperoleh dan nilai sebenar
A systematic error is an experimental error that will produce readings
which are either always higher or always lower than the actual value
that is being measured.
Ralat sistematik ialah ralat eksperimen yang akan menghasilkan
bacaan-bacaan yang sama ada sentiasa lebih besar atau sentiasa
lebih kecil daripada nilai sebenar yang sedang diukur.
A random error is caused by uncertainties in a measurement that will
produce readings that could be higher or lower than the actual value
that is being measured.
Ralat rawak adalah disebabkan oleh ketakpastian dalam suatu
pengukuran yang akan menghasilkan bacaan-bacaan yang lebih
tinggi atau lebih kecil daripada nilai sebenar.
Is a random error which occurs when the eye of the observer is not
directly above the scale of the instrument, causing the line of sight to
be not perpendicular to the scale
Ialah ralat rawak yang berlaku apabila mata pemerhati tidak tegak di
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Physics 2010

ITEM
Zero error
Ralat sifar
Manipulated
variable
Pembolehubah
dimanipulasikan
Responding
variable
Pembolehubah
bergerakbalas
Fixed variable
Pembolehubah
dimalarkan

Projek Jawab Untuk Jaya (JUJ) Pahang

MEANING / DEFINITION
atas skala alat pengukur, menyebabkan garis penglihatan tidak
serenjang dengan skala itu
Is a systematic error where the instrument does not show zero reading
when it is not taking a measurement.
Ialah ralat sistematik di mana alat itu tidak menunjukkan bacaan sifar
semasa tidak membuat pengukuran
A physical quantity which you control and change for the purpose of
investigation in an experiment
Kuantiti fizik yang dikawal atau diubah untuk tujuan menjalankan
penyiasatan dalam suatu eksperimen
A physical quantity which changes in response to changes to the
manipulated variable
Kuantiti fizik yang yang berubah disebabkan oleh perubahan kepada
pembolehubah dimanipulasikan
A physical quantity which is kept constant throughout the experiment
Kuantiti fizik yang dikekalkan malar sepanjang eksperimen

CHAPTER TWO (FORCES AND MOTION)

ITEM
Linear motion
Gerakan linear
Scalar quantity
Kuantiti scalar
Vector quantity
Kuantiti vector
Velocity
Halaju
Speed
Laju
Acceleration
Pecutan
Distance
Jarak
Displacement
Sesaran
Inertia
Newtons First law
Hukum Pertama
Newton
Bahan Seminar

MEANING / DEFINITION
Motion along a straight line
Gerakan sepanjang satu garis lurus
A physical quantity which has only magnitude
Kuantiti fizik yang mempunyai magnitud sahaja
A physical quantity which has both magnitude and direction
Kuantiti yang mempunyai magnitud dan arah
The rate of change of displacement
Kadar perubahan sesaran
The rate of change of distance
Kadar perubahan jarak
The rate of change of velocity
Kadar perubahan halaju
The total length of the path travelled
Jumlah panjang lintasan yang dilalui
Displacement is the shortest distance from one point to another point
along a specific direction
Jarak terpendek dari satu titik ke titik yang lain mengikut satu arah
tertentu
The tendency of an object to resist change to its state of rest or motion.
Sifat semulajadi sesuatu objek yang menentang perubahan kepada
keadaan asalnya sama ada pegun atau bergerak
An object will remain at rest or motion with uniform velocity along a
straight line unless it is acted upon by an external force.
Suatu objek akan berada dalam keadaan pegun atau gerakan dengan
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Physics 2010

ITEM
Newtons Second
law
Hukum Kedua
Newton
Newtons Third law
Hukum Ketiga
Newton
Momentum
Momentum
Principle of
conservation of
momentum
Prinsip keabadian
momentum
Force
Daya
Impulse
Impuls
Impulsive force
Daya impuls
Weight
Berat
Mass
Jisim
Free fall
Jatuh bebas
Work
Kerja
Energy
Tenaga
Gravitational field
Medan gravity
Potential energy
Tenaga keupayaan
Elastic potential
energy
Bahan Seminar

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MEANING / DEFINITION
halaju seragam sepanjang garis lurus kecuali dikenakan satu daya luar
The net force on an object is proportional to the rate of change in
momentum.
Daya bersih pada suatu objek berkadar terus dengan kadar perubahan
momentum
To every action there is an equal and opposite reaction
Bagi setiap tindakan terdapat satu tindakbalas yang mempunyai
magnitud yang sama dan bertindak pada arah yang bertentangan.
The product of mass and velocity of an object
Hasil darab jisim dengan halaju bagi suatu objek
The total momentum of a system is constant if no external forces act on
the system.
Jumlah momentum suatu system adalah tetap jika tiada daya bertindak
pada sistem itu.
A push or a pull that can change the size, shape or velocity of an object.
Suatu tolakan atau tarikan yang boleh mengubah saiz, bentuk atau
halaju suatu objek
Change of momentum.
Perubahan momentum
A large force that acts for a short period of time during a collision or
explosion
Daya yang besar yang bertindak untuk masa yang pendek semasa suatu
perlanggaran atau letupan
The force of gravity which is exerted on it by earth.
Daya tindakan gravity ke atas suatu jasad.
The amount of matter in the object.
Jumlah kuantiti jirim di dalam suatu objek.
Free fall occurs when an object falling under the force of gravity only
without being affected by any other external forces.
Jatuh bebas berlaku apabila suatu objek jatuh disebabkan oleh daya
gravity sahaja tanpa kesan daripada sebarang daya luar.
The product of force and the displacement along the direction of the
force
Hasil darab daya dengan sesaran dalam arah daya itu.
The capacity to do work.
Keupayaan melakukan kerja.
The region in which an object experiences a force due to gravitational
attraction.
Kawasan di mana suatu objek mengalami daya yang disebabkan oleh
tarikan graviti
The energy of an object because of its position.
Tenaga yang dimiliki oleh suatu objek disebabkan oleh kedudukannya.
The energy of an object when it is stretched or compressed
Tenaga yang dimiliki oleh objek yang diregang atau dimampat
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Physics 2010

ITEM
Tenaga keupayaan
kenyal
Kinetic energy
Tenaga kinetic
The principle of
conservation of
energy
Prinsip keabadian
momentum
Power
Kuasa
Elasticity
Kekenyalan
Hookes law
Hukum Hooke
Elastic limit
Had kenyal
Force constant
(spring constant)
Pemalar daya
(pemalar spring)

Projek Jawab Untuk Jaya (JUJ) Pahang

MEANING / DEFINITION
The energy of an object due to its motion
Tenaga yang dimiliki oleh suatu jasad disebabkan oleh gerakannya.
Energy cannot be created or destroyed. It can be transformed from one
form to another, but the total energy in a closed system is constant.
Tenaga tidak boleh dicipta atau dimusnahkan tetapi boleh berubah
bentuk ke bentuk yang lain. Jumlah tenaga di dalam suatu system
tertutup adalah tetap.
The rate at which work is done or energy is transferred.
Kadar melakukan kerja atau pemindahan tenaga.
The property of an object that enables it to return to its original shape
and dimensions (size) after an applied external force is removed.
Keupayaan bahan untuk kembali ke bentuk dan saiz asalnya apabila
tindakan daya yang dikenakan dialihkan.
The extension of a spring is directly proportional to the stretching force
provided the elastic limit is not exceeded.
Pemanjangan spring adalah berkadar terus dengan daya regangan
dengan syarat had kenyal tidak dilampaui.
The elastic limit of a spring is the maximum stretching force which can
be applied to the spring before it ceases to be elastic.
Had kenyal suatu spring adalah daya maksimum yang boleh dikenakan
pada spring itu sebelum ia hilang kekenyalannya.
The force constant of a spring is the force per unit extension.
Pemalar daya spring ialah daya per unit pemanjangan

CHAPTER THREE (FORCES AND PRESSURE)

ITEM
Pressure
Tekanan
Atmospheric
Pressure
Tekanan Atmosfera
Archimedes
principle
Prinsip Archimedes

Bernoullis
principle
Bahan Seminar

MEANING / DEFINITION
The force acting perpendicularly on unit area of a surface.
Daya yang bertindak secara normal pada seunit luas permukaan
The pressure which is caused by the weight of the thick layer of air
(atmosphere) above the earths surface.
Tekanan yang disebabkan oleh lapisan tebal udara di atas permukaan
bumi.
An object that is completely or partially immersed in a fluid is acted
on by a buoyant force which is equal to the weight of the displaced
fluid.
Objek yang direndam atau separa rendam dalam suatu bendalir akan
dikenakan oleh satu daya julangan yang sama dengan berat bendalir
yang tersesar oleh jasad itu.
In a steady flow of a fluid, the pressure of the fluid decreases when the
velocity of the fluid increases.
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Physics 2010

ITEM
Prinsip Bernoulli
Pascal's principle
Prinsip Pascal
Law of flotation
Hukum apungan
Hydrometer
Hidrometer

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MEANING / DEFINITION
Dalam suatu pengaliran bendalir yang mantap, tekanan bendalir itu
berkurang apabila laju pengaliran bertambah.
The pressure applied on the surface of an enclosed liquid is
transmitted uniformly throughout the liquid
Tekanan yang dikenakan pada permukaan suatu cecair akan
dipindahkan dengan seragam ke seluruh cecair.
The weight of an object floating on the surface of a liquid is equal to
the weight of the liquid displaced by the object.
Berat objek yang terapung adalah sama dengan berat cecair yang
disesarkan
An instrument that measures the relative density of liquids.
Alat untuk mengukur ketumpatan relatif cecair.

CHAPTER FOUR (HEAT)

ITEM
Temperature
Suhu
Heat
Haba
Thermal
equilibrium
Keseimbangan
terma
Heat capacity
Muatan haba
Specific heat
capacity
Muatan haba tentu
Latent heat
Haba pendam
Specific latent heat
Haba pendam tentu
Specific latent heat
of fusion
Haba pendam tentu
Bahan Seminar

MEANING / DEFINITION
The degree of hotness of an object
Darjah kepanasan suatu objek.
Energy transferred from hot object to a colder object.
Tenaga yang dipindahkan dari objek yang panas ke objek yang lebih
sejuk.
Two objects are in thermal equilibrium when the net rate of heat
transfer between them is zero.
Dua objek berada dalam keseimbangan terma apabila tiada
pemindahan bersih haba antaranya
The heat capacity of an object is the quantity of heat energy required
to increase its temperature by 1oC.
Muatan haba adalah kuantiti haba yang diperlukan untuk menaikkan
suhu objek itu sebanyak 1oC.
The quantity of heat energy required to increase the temperature of 1
kg of the substance by 1 oC or 1 K.
Kuantiti haba yang diperlukan untuk menaikkan suhu 1 kg bahan
sebanyak 1 C atau 1 K.
The heat absorbed or the heat released at constant temperature during
a change of phase.
Haba yang diserap atau dikeluarkan pada suhu yang malar semasa
perubahan fasa.
The amount of heat energy required to change the phase of 1 kg of the
substance at a constant temperature.
Kuantiti haba yang diperlukan untuk mengubah
1 kg bahan dari satu keadaan fizikal ke keadaan yang lain.
The quantity of heat energy required to change 1 kg of the substance
from solid to liquid without a change in temperature.
Kuantiti haba yang diperlukan untuk mengubah
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Physics 2010

ITEM
pelakuran
Specific latent heat
of vaporisation
Haba pendam tentu
pengewapan
Boiling
Pendidihan
Boyles law
Hukum Boyle
Charles Law
Hukum Charles

Pressure law
Hukum Tekanan

Projek Jawab Untuk Jaya (JUJ) Pahang

MEANING / DEFINITION
1 kg bahan dari pepejal ke cecair tanpa perubahan suhu.
The quantity of heat energy required to change 1 kg of the substance
from liqiud to gas without a change in temperature.
Kuantiti haba yang diperlukan untuk menggubah
1 kg bahan dari cecair ke gas tanpa perubahan suhu.
A process where a liquid changes to vapour at a constant temperature
known as the boiling point.
Proses di mana cecair berubah menjadi wap pada suhu tetap yang
dikenali sebagai takat didih.
The pressure of a fixed mass of gas is inversely proportional to its
volume provided the temperature of the gas is kept constant.
Tekanan bagi suatu jisim tetap gas berkadar songsang dengan isipadu
apabila suhu adalah tetap.
The volume of a fixed mass of gas is directly proportional to its
absolute temperature provided the pressure of the gas is kept
constant.
Isipadu suatu jisim tetap gas berkadar terus dengan suhu mutlaknya
apabila tekanan gas itu dikekalkan tetap
The pressure of a fixed mass of gas is directly proportional to its
absolute temperature provided the volume of the gas is kept constant.
Tekanan suatu jisim tetap gas berkadar terus dengan suhu mutlaknya
apabila isipadu gas itu dikekalkan tetap

CHAPTER FIVE (LIGHT)

ITEM
Reflection of light
Pantulan cahaya
Laws of reflection
Hukum pantulan
cahaya

Refraction of light
Pembiasan cahaya

Laws of refraction
Hukum pembiasan

MEANING / DEFINITION
Reflection of light occurs when a light ray is incident on a mirror and
changes its direction of propagation
Pantulan cahaya berlaku apabila suatu sinar cahaya ditujukan pada
suatu cermin dan arah perambatannya berubah
1 The incident ray, reflected ray and the normal at the point of
incidence all lie in the same plane.
2 The angle of incidence is equal to the angle of reflection.
1 Sinar tuju, sinar pantulan dan garis normal di titik tuju berada
pada satah yang sama.
2 Sudut tuju sama dengan sudut pantulan
The change of direction of propagation light when it crosses the
boundary between two materials of different optical densities.
Perubahan arah perambatan sinar cahaya apabila sinar itu melintasi
sempadan antara dua medium dengan ketumpatan optik yang
berlainan.
1
2

Bahan Seminar

The incident ray, refracted ray and the normal at the point of
incidence all lie in the same plane.
Snell's law : The ratio (sin i) / (sin r) is a constant.
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Physics 2010

ITEM

Apparent depth
Dalam ketara
Real depth
Dalam nyata

Total internal
reflection
Pantulan dalam
penuh
Critical angle
Sudut genting

Convex lens
Kanta cembung
Concave lens
Kanta cekung
Focal length
Panjang fokus

Projek Jawab Untuk Jaya (JUJ) Pahang

MEANING / DEFINITION
1 Sinar tuju, sinar biasan dan garis normal di titik tuju berada
pada satah yang sama.
2 Nisbah (sin i) / (sin r) adalah suatu pemalar
The distance of the image formed by refraction from the surface of the
water.
Jarak dari permukaan air ke imej yang dibentuk oleh pembiasan
The distance of the object from the surface of the water.
Jarak dari permukaan air ke objek

Total internal reflection occurs when light travelling in a denser

medium towards a less dense medium is totally reflected when the
angle of incidence exceeds the critical angle
Pantulan dalam penuh berlaku apabila cahaya yang merambat dalam
medium yang lebih tumpat kea rah medium yang kurang tumpat
dipantul sepenuhnya apabila sudut tuju melebihi sudut genting
The angle of incidence in the optically denser medium for which the
angle of refraction in the less dense medium is 90o
Sudut tuju dalam medium lebih tumpat yang menyebabkan sudut
biasan dalam medium yang kurang tumpat menjadi 90o
Converges parallel light rays to a point
Menumpukan sinar-sinar selari pada satu titik
Diverges parallel light rays from a point.
Mencapahkan sinar-sianr selari dari satu titik
The distance between the principal focus, F and the optical centre, O
of a lens.
Jarak antara fokus utama, F, dan pusat optik suatu kanta

CHAPTER SIX (WAVES)

ITEM
Wave motion
Perambatan
gelombang
Wavefront
Muka Gelombang
Transverse wave
Gelombang
Melintang
Longitudinal wave
Gelombang
Membujur
Amplitude
Bahan Seminar

MEANING / DEFINITION
Wave motion carries energy from one place to another place in a
medium without the transfer of the particles along the medium.
A wavefront is a line or plane where the vibrations of every point on it
are in phase
A wave in which the vibration of particles in the medium is at
perpendicular to the direction of propagation of the wave.
A wave in which the vibration of particles in the medium is parallel to
the direction of propagation of the wave.
The maximum displacement from its equilibrium position.
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Physics 2010

ITEM
Amplitud
Period
Tempoh
Frequency, f
Frekuensi
One complete
oscillation
Satu ayunan
lengkap
Wavelength,
Panjang
gelombang
Damping
Pelembapan
Forced oscillation
Ayunan paksa
Natural frequency
Frekuensi asli
Resonance
Resonans
Reflection of waves
Pantulan
gelombang
Incident waves
Gelombang Tuju
Reflected wave
Gelombang
Pantulan
Angle of incidence
Sudut Tuju
Angle of reflection
Sudut pantulan
Law of Reflection
Hukum Pantulan
Refraction of waves
Pembiasan
Gelombang
Diffraction of wave
Pembelauan
Gelombang
Principle of
superposition
Prinsip superposisi
Coherent waves
Bahan Seminar

Projek Jawab Untuk Jaya (JUJ) Pahang

MEANING / DEFINITION
The time taken to make one complete oscillation
The number of complete oscillations made by a vibrating system in
one second
A complete oscillation may be referred as the movement of a vibrating
system from one extreme position to the other and back to the same
position.
The wavelength is the distance between successive points of the same
phase in a wave.
Damping occurs when an oscillating system loses energy due to
frictional forces.
Forced oscillation occurs when a system oscillates under the influence
of an external driving force.
The frequency of a system when it oscillates freely.
Resonance occurs when a system oscillates at the maximum amplitude
when the driving frequency is equal to the natural frequency of the
system.
Reflection of waves is the change in direction of propagation when a
wave strikes an obstacle.
The waves moving towards an obstacle.
The wave which has undergone a change in direction of propagation
after reflection.
The angle between the direction of propagation of the incident wave
and the normal
The angle between the direction of propagation of reflected wave and
the normal.
The angle of incidence is equal to the angle of reflection
Refraction is the change of direction of propagation when the speed of
a wave changes as it moves from one medium to another
Diffraction of waves is the spreading of waves as they pass through an
aperture or around the edge of an obstacle
The sum of the displacements of all the component waves at the point.
Waves of the same frequency and are in phase.
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Physics 2010

ITEM
Gelombang
Koheren
Interference
Interferens
Constructive
interference
Interferens
membina
Destructive
interference
Interferens
memusnah
Antinode
Antinod
Node
Nod
Sound wave
Gelombang bunyi
Loudness
Kenyaringan
Pitch
Kelangsingan
SONAR
Electromagnetic
waves
Gelombang
elektromagnet

Projek Jawab Untuk Jaya (JUJ) Pahang

MEANING / DEFINITION

Superposition of two coherent waves constructively or destructively

Occurs when two waves that are in phase superimpose
to produce a wave with crests and troughs of maximum amplitude.
Occurs when two waves that are out of phase superimpose to produce
zero resultant amplitude
A point where constructive interference occurs.
A point where destructive interference occurs.
Sounds are longitudinal waves produced by vibrations such as the
vibrations of the diaphragm of a loudspeaker, guitar string and tuning
fork.
The intensity of a sound as heard by an observer (depends on the
amplitude of the sound)
The pitch of the sound is an indication of the sharpness of a sound
(depends on the frequency of the sound)
Sound Navigation and Ranging (SONAR) is a system used to detect
underwater objects or to determine the depth of the water by means of
an echo.
Electromagnetic waves are propagating waves in space with electric
and magnetic components.

CHAPTER SEVEN (ELECTRICITY)

ITEM
Current
Arus
Ampere, A
Coulomb, C
Electric field
Medan elektrik
Potential Difference
Beza keupayaan
Ohms Law
Hukum Ohm
Bahan Seminar

MEANING / DEFINITION
Current is the rate of flow of electric charge
SI unit of current
A unit of charge
An electric field is a region where an electric force acts on a particle
with an electric charge.
Potential difference is defined as the work done to move a unit of
charge from one point to another in an electric field.
The electric current flowing through a conductor is directly
proportional to the potential difference across the ends of the
conductor, if the temperature and other physical dimensions remain
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Physics 2010

Ohmic Conductor
Konduktor Ohm
Non Ohmic
Conductor
Konduktor bukan
Ohm
Resistance
Rintangan
Effective Resistance
Rintangan berkesan
Electromotive
Force (e.m.f)
Daya gerak elektrik
(d.g.e.)
Internal Resistance
Rintangan dalam
Electrical Energy
Tenaga elektrik
Power
Kuasa
Power Rating
Kadar kuasa

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constant.
Material which obey Ohms Law
Material which do not obey Ohms Law

Resistance is defined as (potential difference)/(current)

The effective resistance is the combined resistance in the circuit.
The total energy supplied by a cell when one unit of charge flows
through the cell.
The resistance within a cell due to its electrolyte or electrodes
Energy supplied by a source of electricity (cell / battery) when current
flows in a closed circuit.
Power is the rate of transfer of electrical energy
The power rating of an appliance denotes the rate at which it
consumes electrical energy at a certain voltage

CHAPTER EIGHT (ELECTROMAGNETISM)

ITEM
Electromagnet
Elektromagnet
Magnetic field
Medan magnet
Catapult field
Medan lastik
Direct current
motor
Motor arus terus
Electromagnetic
induction
Aruhan
electromagnet
Induced e.m.f.
Bahan Seminar

MEANING / DEFINITION
An electromagnet is a device in which magnetism is produced by an
electric current. It is a temperory magnet. It acts as a magnet when the
current is flow and ceases to be a magnet when the current is switched
off.
A magnetic field is a region in which a magnetic materials experiences
a force.
The resultant field produced when a straight wire carries a current in a
uniform magnetic field.
A direct current motor is used to convert electrical energy into
rotational kinetic energy.
The production of an electromotive force in a conductor due to a
changing magnetic flux.
An emf produced in a conductor when there is a changing magnetic
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Physics 2010

ITEM
D.g.e. teraruh
Induced current
Arus teraruh
Faraday's law
Hukum Faraday
Lenz's law
Hukum Lenz
Direct current
Arus terus
Alternating current
Arus ulang alik
Transformer
Transformer
Step-up transformer
Transformer injak
naik
Step-down
transformer
Transformer injak
turun
Ideal transformer
Transformer unggul
Transmission of
electricity
Penghantaran
elektrik
National Grid
Network
Rangkaian Grid
Nasional

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MEANING / DEFINITION
flux or cutting of magnetic flux by the conductor
Induced current is produced in a circuit when there is a changing
magnetic flux or cutting of magnetic flux by a conductor
The magnitude of the induced e.m.f is directly proportional to the rate
at which a conductor cuts through the magnetic flux.
Lenz's Law state that an induced electric current always flows in such
a direction as to oppose the change in magnetic flux.
Current which flows in one direction.
Current which flows back and forth in two opposite directions
A device which steps up or steps down the voltage of an alternating
current.
A transformer that steps up voltage
A transformer that steps down voltage

A transformer where the output power is equal to the input power and
the efficiency is 100%
The transmission of electricity from the power station to consumers
(industries and residential areas) by electric cables
The national grid is a network of electrical cables connecting electrical
power stations to consumers of electricity.

CHAPTER NINE (ELECTRONICS)

ITEM
Thermionic emission
Pemancaran
termionik
Cathode ray
Sinar katod
Semiconductor
Semikonduktor
Doping
Pendopan
n-type
Bahan Seminar

MEANING / DEFINITION
A process of emitting electrons from a hot metal surface.
A beam of fast moving, high energy electrons
Materials whose resistance is between those of good conductors and
good insulators.
The process of adding a small amount of impurities into the
semiconductors.
Semiconductor where the majority charge carriers are free electrons
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Physics 2010

semiconductor
Semikonduktor
jenis-n
p-type
semiconductor
Semikonduktor
jenis-p
Semiconductor diode
Diod semikonduktor
Forward-biased
Pincang ke hadapan
Reverse-biased
Pincang songsang
Rectification
Rektifikasi
Half-wave
rectification
Rektifikasi separuh
gelombang
Full-wave
rectification
Rektifikasi penuh
gelombang
Smoothing Capacitor
Kapasitor perata
n-p-n transistor
Transistor n-p-n
p-n-p transistor
Transistor p-n-p
Logic gate
Get logic
Truth table
Jadual kebenaran
AND gate
Get DAN
NOT gate /Get TAK
Or gate
Get ATAU

Projek Jawab Untuk Jaya (JUJ) Pahang

Semiconductor where the majority charge carriers are holes

A p-n junction device which conducts current in one direction only

A diode is forward biased when the p-end is connected to the positive
terminal of the battery and the n-end is connected to the negative
terminal of the battery.
A diode is reverse biased when the p-end is connected to the negative
terminal of the battery and the n-end is connected to the positive
terminal of the battery.
To convert alternating current into direct current using diodes
The process of rectification using a diode which allows current flow
in half of a cycle.
The process of rectification using four diodes to allow current to flow
in a complete cycle and in the same direction.
A capacitor that is used to smoothen the output voltage of a
rectification process
A transistor which consists of a layer of p-type semiconductor
sandwiched between two layers of n-type semiconductors.
A transistor which consists of a layer of n-type semiconductor
sandwiched between two layers of p-type semiconductors.
A logic gate is an electronic switch with one or more inputs and only
one output.
A truth table shows the results of every possible output given every
possible input.
A logic gate where the output is 1 only when both inputs are 1
A logic gate that inverts the input
A logic gate where the Output is 1 except when both inputs are 0

CHAPTER TEN (RADIOACTIVITY)

Bahan Seminar

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Physics 2010

ITEM
Nucleus
Nukleus
Nucleon
Nukleon
Proton number, Z
Nombor proton
Nucleon number, A
Nombor nucleon
Nuclide
Nuklid
Isotope
Isotop
Radioisotope
Radioisotop
Radioactivity
Radioaktiviti
Radioactive decay
Reputan radioaktif
Alpha decay
Reputan alfa
Beta decay
Reputan beta
Gamma decay
Reputan gama
Half life
Setengah hayat
Atomic mass unit
(a.m.u)
Unit jisim atom
Nuclear fission
Pembelahan nuklear
Chain reaction
Tindak balas
berantai
Nuclear fusion
Pelakuran nuklear
Nuclear reactor
Reaktor nuklear

Bahan Seminar

Projek Jawab Untuk Jaya (JUJ) Pahang

MEANING / DEFINITION
The small core of the atoms which contains the protons and neutrons
Protons and neutrons
The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom
The total number of protons and neutrons in an atom.
A nuclide is one type of nucleus with a particular proton number and
a particular nucleon number.
Atoms of an element which have the same proton number but
different nucleon numbers
Isotopes with unstable nuclei
Radioactivity is the spontaneous disintegration of unstable nucleus
into a more stable nucleus with the random emission of radiation.
Radioactive decay is a process where an unstable nucleus becomes a
more stable nucleus by emitting radiation
A radioactive decay where an alpha particle is emitted
A radioactive decay where a beta particle is emitted
A radioactive decay where gamma rays are emitted
The time taken for mass or activity of a radioactive substance to
become half its original value
The atomic mass unit (a.m.u) is used to measure the masses of atomic
particles.
A process involving the splitting of a heavy nucleus into two lighter
nuclei and several neutrons at the same time
A chain reaction is a self-sustaining reaction in which the neutrons
produced in a reaction can initiate another similar reaction.
Nuclear fusion is the combining of two lighter nuclei to form a
heavier nucleus
A nuclear reactor produces tremendous amount of energy through
nuclear fission.

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