Nathan Rothery-Unit 19-assignment 1

Unit 19 Digital Graphics for interactive

media
Pixels
Pixels also known as a picture element are the components to
make an image. The components are thousands of dots which
are referred as pixels. These pixels combine together to make
an image. If youve set the picture size to a higher quality this
is made by the increase of more pixels expanding the definition
of the image, this is where the term high resolution comes
into play. Also sometimes screen image sharpness is expressed
as a DPI (dots per inch). DPI is determined both physical
image size and resolution size. However, if an image doesnt
have a high resolution or a good DPI the quality of the picture
isnt as sharp or clearer as a picture that has a higher resolution
or a good DPI.

Pixels use specific colours that describe in three blend which

are Red, Green and Blue (RGB). Three bytes of data are
allocated for specifying a pixels colour. One byte for each major
colour component. A true colour or a 24-byte colour system use
all three of the colour components. Yet, many systems only use
one byte limiting the display to 256 different colours these
colours determine a pixels intensity for example the more of
the pixels the more someone can zoom on an image without
losing the high resolution. Intensity of a pixel is the amount of
pixels in the image this determines the quality of the image
when the magnification has increased so the image quality is
still good even if its zoomed in.

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Raster Image
A raster images are digital images that have been created or
captured. For example, by scanning in a photograph.
Furthermore, a raster image has different types of compression.
The first one I am going to be talking about is a lossless file also
known as a lossless compression because it allows the user to
recreate an original file exactly. All Lossless compression is
based on an idea of breaking a file into a smaller form,
therefore the user can use it for transmission or storage and
then the user can put it back again and proceed to use it once
again.
The other type of compression is known as a Lossy file or
Lossy compression and Lossy compression works very
differently to Lossless compression because these programs are
used to eliminate unnecessary bits of information for tailoring
the file to be smaller. This type of compression is used on
Bitmap images. Raster graphics are made out of pixels this
allows the quality of the graphic to vary because if the raster
image has not a lot of pixels when the image is zoomed the
quality of the image decreases. Yet, if the amount of pixels
increases when the image is zoomed the quality will stay the
same.

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A raster file is usually larger than a Vector graphic image file. A

raster file is usually hard to modify with losing information,
however there is some software tools which allow the raster file
to convert into a Vector file. These software tools are:
BMP (bitmap): is a digital image composed of a matrix of
dots. When viewed at 100%, each dot corresponds to an
individual pixel on the screen.
TIFF (tag image file format): is a format which is commonly
used for exchanging a raster file into a bitmap between
application programmes.
GIFF (Graphics interchange file format): is an imaging
format file which is commonly used for images on the web and
sprites software and is also limited when it comes to the colour
of the image.
JPEG (Joint Photographic Experts Group): is not limited to a
certain amount of colour. This means that JPEG is the best for
compressing photographic images.
PSD (Photoshop Document): is a layered image file used in
Adobe Photoshop. PSD is the default format that Photoshop
used for saving data. PSD is a proprietary file that allows the
user to work with the images individual layers even after the
file has been saved.

Vector Image
Instead of GIF and JPEG a vector graphic does not use a pixel
grid this means that the vector graphic allows a high resolution
on images which have a curves, angles and points. The vector
graphic can allow this by the use of different paths, these paths
can be determined by a line, square, triangle or just a curved
shape. The paths can create simple drawings or complex

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diagrams. The paths are even used for define the character of
specific typefaces.

File extensions:
.AL: is a drawing created with Adobe Illustrator, a vector
graphics editing program. It is also composed of paths
connected by points, rather than bitmap image data and is
commonly used for logos and print media.

.EPS: is a postscript file that may contain 2D vector graphics.

This means that it is viewable through text.

.SVG: is a two-dimensional vector graphic format created by

the World Wide Web consortium. Developed for displaying
vector format of the web.

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.DRW: is a drawing format used to create a drawing tool for

technical drawings.

Bit depth
Bit depth describes the potential accuracy of a particular
hardware or software that processes audio data. The more bits
that are available, the more accurate the resulting output form
the data is being processed. Bit depth is commonly used in
analog-to-digital-converters and bit depth is also commonly
seen in digital-to-analog-converters.

The word bit depth sampling is about the size of the sample of
the audio can take up. There are 16 bit of data and there are 24
bit of data. These are the different sizes of audio files and 24 bit
being the largest taking up a lot of storage. The Highcolour is
the colour scale which is also used for the pixel gradient. The
Highcolour determines the colouration of the image. It also
helps the image quality for when you magnify the quality. The
BPP or bits per pixel is the number of bits stored per pixel of an
image or displayed by a graphics adapter. The more bits there
are, the more colours can be represented, but more memory is
required to store the image.

Colour space

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Colour space, also known as the colour model, is an abstract

mathematical model which simply describes the range of
colours as a range of numbers, typically 3 or 4 values or colour
components (e.g. RGB). The greyscale is range of greys without
apparent colour. The darkest possible shade is black which
absence of is transmitted or reflected of light. The lightest
possible shade is white total transmitted or reflection of light at
all visible wavelengths. RGB is the primary components which
represents the number from decimals 0 to 255.

YUV is quite unusual. However the Y component determines the

brightness of the colour (referred to as the Luma). The U and V
component determines the colour of itself (referred to as the
chroma). Each of the colours help the image have shades to
intensify the image quality.

Image capture
A scanner is a device that allows the user to capture images
from photographic prints, posters and magazine pages.
Scanners can come in many different forms such as hand-held,
feed-in and flatbed types. Digital cameras are similar to the
traditional film-based camera, however when the user takes a
picture using the digital camera it forwards the image digitally
through sensors in the camera. The sensors are also known as
charged couple devices or CCD. Yet digital cameras do not
save images on an analog film like traditional cameras. Digital
cameras save images / photographs on a digital memory.
Resolution is the number of pixels contained on a display
monitor, expressed in terms of number of pixels on the
horizontal axis and the number on the vertical axis. The
sharpness of the images depends on the resolution of the
image this means that more pixels in the image the higher the
quality the image is going to be. Furthermore, resolution can

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still be effected by the monitor size as if the monitor is small

the resolution is going to be sharper then a larger monitor.

There are many file types for a digital image, yet one file called
a JPEG has a file size of 24 bit RGB which means that there is a
lot of file storage to save images. Another file type which is
used for digital image is a TIF. This file type has the file size of
96 bit which demonstrates the size of the file and how much
space there is for images to be stored.

Optimising
Optimising involves increasing the efficiency or general
performance of something, in terms of digital graphics it
involves creating a balance so the quality of the image and the
file size are responsive enough.
Target destination is the destination where the user wishes the
graphics to be located on their network. In order the user needs
a folder which they intend to save all their graphics, this will
insure that the server can located their graphics easily and
quickly.
Bit depth is the volume of colour per pixel, by reducing the Bit
depth it will not only lower the file size but the user is likely
going to affect the quality of the image.
Resolution can affect the file size and also optimise the image
quality, however not at the same time for example you can

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enlarge the file size which may not be beneficial but risk having
a less quality image, yet for a graphics user having a high
resolution image is very beneficial and not having a very large
file size.
Dimensions relate to the length and width of a digital image, by
controlling the dimension of the image, the user can adjust the
image size making it smaller or larger depending on the
purpose or the location of the image. When changing the
dimension of an image the volume of pixels stay the same.
Intended image output is essential as they need to not only fit
onto a webpage, but also be a decent standard to get accessed
and processed quickly by the user. The output is the data found
in the file which informs on the graphic output.