Escolar Documentos
Profissional Documentos
Cultura Documentos
ECUACIONES DIFERENCIALES
MB-155
TEMA: TRANSFORMADA DE LAPLACE
f (t ) k
L{k }
ke
0
k
st
dt k e
0
st
dt
k
1
st
L{k } k e
s
s
0
k
L{k }
F (s)
s
k
L k
s
1
f (t ) t
L{ f (t )}
e
0
st
tdt
1 1 st
1
L{ f (t )} e
2
s s
s
0
1
L{ f (t )} 2 F ( s )
s
1
L 2t
s
1
f (t ) t
L{ f (t )}
2
st
(t ) dt
st
L{ f (t )}
s e
2
2
L{ f (t )} 3 F ( s )
s
2
2
2
L 3t
s
1
2
st
s e (t ) dt
0
0
Lt
n!
n1
s
f (t ) e
wt
L{e wt }
st wt
e
e dt
( s w)t
e
dt
1 ( s w)t
L{e }
e
s w
0
1
wt
L{e }
F ( s ), s w
sw
wt
1
wt
L
e
s w
1
iwt
cos wt isenwt
entonces :
s
L{cos wt} 2
2
s w
w
Lsenwt 2
2
s w
senh( wt )
wt
e
2
wt
Operando se obtiene :
w
Lsenh( wt ) 2
2
s w
s
L{cosh( wt )} 2
2
s w
PROPIEDADES:
Lkf (t ) hg (t ) kL f (t ) hLg (t )
L f (t ) F ( s); entonces :
wt
L e f (t ) F ( s w)
1
wt
L F ( s w) e f (t )
L f ' (t ) f (0) sF ( s)
General :
0
L f (t ) s F ( s) s
n
n 1
f (0) s
n2
f ' (0).... f
n 1
(0)
L f (t ) F ( s ); entonces :
t
F (s)
L f (u ) du
s
0
t
1 F ( s )
L
f (u ) du
s 0
L f (t ) F ( s ); entonces :
n
n
n d F ( s )
L t f (t ) ( 1)
n
ds
n
1
n d F ( s )
n
L ( 1)
t f (t )
n
ds
F (t )
f (t )
L
F (u )du existe Lim
t s
t 0 t
Convolucin :
t
L F ( s ).G ( s ) f (u ) g (t u )du
1
0
t
L F ( s ).G ( s ) f (t u ) g (u )du
1
RESOLVER :
y ' ' y '2 y sent , y (0) y ' (0) 0
Ly ' ' y '2 y Lsent
1
Ly ' ' Ly ' 2 Ly 2
s 1
s 2 y ( s ) sy (0) y ' (0) sy ( s ) y (0) 2 y ( s )
1
y(s) 2
( s 1)( s 2 s 2)
Ly (t ) y ( s )
1
1
1
y (t ) L y ( s ) L 2
2
( s 1)( s s 2)
1
s2 1
Como :
1
As B C
D
2
2
( s 1)( s 2)( s 1) s 1 s 2 s 1
As 3 / 10 1 / 15 1 / 6
L 2
s 2 s 1
s 1
3 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
1 As
L 2 L 2 L
L
s 1 10 s 1 15 s 2 6 s 1
1
3
1 2 t 1 t
y (t ) A cos t sent e e
10
15
6
FUNCIONES PERIDICAS
Supongamos que f (t) es una funcin peridica de periodo T.
Entonces:
1
F ( s) L f (t )
F ( s)
sT 1
1 e
donde F1(s) es la transformada de Laplace de la funcin f(t)
sobre el primer periodo y cero fuera.
T
F1 ( s) e st f (t )dt
0
14
0
T
st
0
T
f (t )dt e
s ( T )
f ( T )d ,
e st f (t )dt e sT e s f ( )d
0
T
e
0
0
st
f (t )dt e
sT
F (s)
t T
T 2a
1
F ( s)
F ( s)
2 as 1
1 e
a
2a
2a
F1 ( s) e
0
st
2a
1 as 2 as
f (t )dt e dt e e
s
a
st
e as e 2 as
1
F ( s)
2 as
s(1 e ) s(1 e as )
16
CIRCUITOS ELCTRICOS
De la Fig tenemos
di
1 t
L Ri (t ) i ( )d E (t )
dt
C 0
EJEMPLO
t
di
0.1 2i (t ) 10 i ( )d 120t 120U (t 1)
0
dt
Y entonces
I ( s)
1 1 s 1 s
0.1sI ( s) 2 I ( s) 10
120 2 2 e e
s
s
s s
1
1
1
s
s
I ( s ) 1200
e
e
2
2
2
( s 10)
s ( s 10) s ( s 10)
1/100 1 / 100
1 / 10
1 / 100 s
1200
e
2
s 10 ( s 10)
s
s
1 / 100 s
1 / 10 s
1
e
e
2
s 10
( s 10)
( s 10) 2 e s
0 (t
t0 )dt 1
, t t0
(t t0 )
0, t t0
x
0 (t t0 )dt 1
, x > t0
Para t0 > 0,
L { (t t0 )} e st0
Demostracin
1
a (t t0 ) [ U (t (t0 a) U (t (t0 a))]
2a
La Transformada de Laplace es
1 e s ( t0 a ) e s ( t0 a )
L{ a (t t0 )}
2a s
s
sa
sa
e
st0
e
2sa
sa
sa
st0
e
e
st0
e
e lim
a 0
2sa
L (t ) 1
Ejemplo: Resolver
y" y 4 (t 2 ), sujeta a
a) y(0) = 1, y(0) = 0
b) y(0) = 0, y(0) = 0
Solucin
(a)
s2Y s + Y = 4e-2s
s
4e2s
Y (s) 2
2
s 1 s 1
As
y(t) = cos t + 4 sen(t 2)U(t 2)
Como sen(t 2) = sen t, entonces
0 t 2
cos t ,
y (t )
t 2
cos t 4 sin t ,
(b)
4e2s
Y ( s) 2
s 1
y (t ) 4 sin(t 2 ) U (t 2 )
0 t 2
0,
t t
4 sin t ,