Nepal Government

Ministry of Urban Development

Department of Urban Development and Building Construction

Presented By:
Sunil Kumar Karna
(Deputy Director General)
Nava Raj Pyakurel
(Senior Divisional Engineer)

Title: Engineering Management and its

importance in Nation Building

Theme:
Role of Urban Planning and Housing Sector in
Nation Building

Public Infrastructure Building is

the means to achieve planned
urbanization and Decentralization

Introduction:
Nepal - predominately a Rural Country with
more than 70% of the people living rural area
26.494504 million of people
Urban Population - 17% of total population
1, 47, 000 sq. m. of area., linear in shape,
stretching about 500 Km East-West and about 290
Km north- south.
Geographically - three ecological regions;
mountains, hills and terai.
The fast pace of urbanization that has taken place
after 1970's

Introduction:
In the beginning Urban Development and
Building sector was not in the priority of the
nation.

As urbanization could be observed from:

Spatial expression of structural changes in the
economy
Structural shift in the economy
move from primary production to secondary and
tertiary activities based on manufacturing trade and
specialized services
Higher per capita productivity compared to rural areas

Urbanization Trend in Nepal

S.
No.

Census
Year

No
of
Towns

Urban
Population
in Millions

Percentage of
Average
Urban
Annual urban
Population
Growth (%)

1.

1954

10

0.238

2.9

2.

1961

16

0.336

3.6

1.65

3.

1971

16

0.462

4.1

3.23

4.

1981

23

0.957

6.3

7.55

5.

1991

33

1.696

9.2

5.89

6.

2001

58

3.28

13.9

6.65

7.

2011

58

4.52

17.07

3.25
Source: P. Sharma

Characteristics of Urbanization in Nepal

Enormous religious and ecological
differences, some gap in social value
interferences by the indigenous society
Primacy of Kathmandu Remains strong
Poor economic base, only based on service
and trade less manufacturing
Significant migration
Poor rural urban linkage
Weak revenue

In Nepal urbanization is happening in the

following context:
Rural to urban migration
Change from agriculture activities to non agriculture
activities
Change in occupational structure form agriculture to
industry and services
Change from spare settlement to dense urban
settlement
Change in behaviors, values etc.
Change in physical environment
Increased modern amenities

Problems of Urban Financing:

Project Approach
Leakage and system loss
Duplication of efforts
Unknown cost of production
Lack of city marketing approach
Limited cost recovery
Inability to draw adequate resources from the
market
preparation of sectoral plan in isolation

Problems of Urban Environmental Management:

Inappropriate building system

Inadequate housing system conditions
Unplanned development
Lack of open space
Traffic congestion
Water pollution
Poor sanitation health
Solid waste management

Problems in Urban Areas

Sewerage System and Sewage
Treatment Plant

Solid Waste Management

Slum and squatters

Green City Concepts and Conditions

Concept:
Promotion of healthy city
Healthy cities principle and values
Equity
Participation and empowerment
Working in partnership
Solidarity and friendship
Sustainable development

Green City Concepts and Conditions

Condition:
A clear safe physical environment of high quality
Sustainable Ecosystem
Low energy Consumption
A strong, naturally supported and non exploited
society.
A high degree of participation
A meeting of basic need
Assess to wide variety of resources
A diverse, vital innovative city economy
Higher health status

Vision Paper -Ministry of Urban Development (2012)

Clean, Beautiful and Managed Cities and
settlements with adequate Infrastructure and
Services.

Vision Paper / Policies

Vision Paper of Ministry of Urban
Development
National Urban Policy 2008 (2064)
National Shelter Policy 2012
etc

Acts and Regulation

Ancient Monument preservation Act, 2013 B.S.

Development Committee Act- 2013 B.S.
Town Development Act, 2045 B.S.
Apartment Housing Ownership Act, 2054 B.S.
Apartment Housing Ownership Regulation 2060 B.S.
Building Act, 2055 B.S.
Building Regulation 2061 B.S.
Land Acquisition Act, 2034 B.S.
Public Road Act, 2031 B.S.
Commercial Transaction of Land and Building Bill; 2063 B.S.
Town Development Regulation 2061 B.S.
Guidelines for Building Maintenance
Working Procedure for implementation of Building Code
User's committee Manual 2062 B.S.
National Building Code 2060 B.S.

Existing Guidelines
Guideline for Public Private Partnership for
urban Environment
Land Pooling Manual
Construction Management Manual

Review of Policy Documents

National Urban Policy, 2064
The main objectives :
To achieve a balanced national urban structure through proper guidance to
physical infrastructure development and investment
To achieve healthy, secure and economically vibrant urban environment in
order to bring about improvement in living standards of the urban residents
To strive towards effective urban management: through legal empowerment
and institutional strengthening of the local government bodies and through
effective coordination among and capacity building of the agencies associated
with urban sector development
National Urban Policy: Need for convergence of urban and national development
strategy

Five growth axes

Comparative resources advantages
Development packages accompanying roads
regional political structure

National Shelter Policy 2012

The main objectives:
To increase housing production, suitable to all income
group, safe and environment friendly and to upgrade the
quality of existing housing
To effectively mobilize financial resources required for
the development of housing
To carry out institutional reforms by clarifying the roles of
governmental and non governmental organizations,
private sector and communities.

Review of periodic plans

Since 1956 Nepal has 12 periodic plans.
In every periodic plan there are some issues raised
regarding the urban planning, housing and building.

First periodic plan (1956- 1960):

In Chapter 8. Land Reform Policy; there are some points related to housing:

The protection of tenants

The protection of hired workers
Resettlement of landless farmers
Birta Reform
Provision of agricultural credit
Consolidation of fragmented holding

Second Periodic Plan (1960-1965):

In Chapter 20 :

Resettlement (k'gjf{;), there is the provision of

Rapti Resettlement Plan - some concern of the
government regarding the housing sector.

Third Periodic Plan (1965-1970):

In Chapter 25, there are some provisions to address in the housing
sector.

Government initiation in order to construct 400 new houses.

51.28 hectares of new plots of land will be acquired during the
plan period.
Town Planning: Physical; Development Plan of Kathmandu Valley
Building Construction:
Living quarter of government servants
Guest house for tourists
Jails, Police offices
Laboratory will be constructed during the plan period by Building
Department of HMG

Fourth Periodic Plan (1970-1975)

In chapter 26 , there is the provision to address the Housing and Physical Planning
indicating the followings:

Rapid growth of population

Addressing to migration
Physical development plan for Kathmandu valley
Department of Housing and Physical Planning

Physical Planning:

Parking space
Town Planning
Lumbini Area

Housing:

Increase population density Balaju & Kathmandu

Proposed Rs. 1,28,00,000
This periodic plan focuses on the development of other towns like Pokhara, Biratnagar, Birgunj. Besides this the following
were the projects within the periodic plan:
Dhankuta town development project 1972
Birendranagar Project 1972
Lumbini Development Project 1970
Pokhara town development project 1973/74

This Plan also illustrates the Socio Economic Development Strategy

Regional Development Strategy 4th plan

Reducing inter-regional disparities

integration of the nation economy
north south transport services
induced urbanization
analysis of regional economic structure

Fifth Plan (1975-80)

The speciality of this plan is the various construction works in four development
centers Dhankuta, Kathmandu, Pokhara and Surkhet and reconstruction of
Ranamukteshwor area.
Chapter 32 of the plan deals with housing and urban sector.
Objective:

Planning of new cities

Rehabilitation of new cities
Cost effective building

Policy:

Construction according to Physical Planning

Master Plan
Categorization of building
Housing for civil servants
New town Planning
Research in construction material
Government building Archaeology
Lumbini Development Project
Construction material research project 1975
Kathmandu Valley Town Development Project 1976

Sixth Plan (1980-85):

The main focus - to conduct Physical survey to construct urban area
in planned way - in consolidated way - to promote the use locally
available materials.
Proposed to have some land use policies with rules and regulations with the program of construction in four development centers.
Expenditure = Rs. 250 million.
Development of different projects which were already in position.
Following additional projects were proposed:
Dipayal Town development project 1981/82
Master Plan of Janakpur, Biratnagar, birgunj, Lahan, Nepalgunj, Butwal,
Ghorahi, Gorkha, Jiri and Tulsipur.
Singha Durbar Secretariat renovation project
Government Building Projects
Sewerage disposal project
Government building record project

Seventh Plan (1985-1990)

Incomplete projects implemented during sixth
plan period
Lumbini project National priority project
Town development works in the regional centers
Housing Plans and Programs
Singh Durbar secretariat reconstruction Project
Singha Durbar was under fire in 1973

Eighth Plan (1992- 1997):

Chapter 10 deals with Housing and Urban Development sector. Problems related to housing
Housing companies
Land for housing
Loan for Housing
Essential public services and community environment
Targets/Programs:
Urban Development
Municipality Act 1992, Assisstant to municipality
Development of market centres
Improvement of city environment
Greater Janakpur area Development project
Kathmandu Valley city Development
Institutional Development
Housing
Rural housing for the landless 25,000 families
Urban land development
Financial arrangement for housing
Formulation of act and regulation
Improvement of urban housing
Preparation of policy on housing sector
Buildings
Singha Durbar Secretariat Re- Construction Plan
Construction of Quarters for ministries and heads of constitutional bodies
International Conference Building
Projects on Building materials research and code
Projects on the development of the cultural and religious areas of Kathmandu valley
Projects on re-construction and rehabilitation of earthquake affected areas
Basic and primary education project

Ninth Plan (1997-2002):

Long term Approach (
)
A balanced Urban System will be established by creating the healthier, clean, productive, protected and facilitated urban cities of Nepal. The farsighted idea of urbanization will be to promote the concept of planned urbanization, establish rural-urban linkage, small market centre
development and their expansion, and create employment in important places and to develop Kathmandu Valley in the form of cultural and
touristic capital.
For geographically feasible places in rural hilly parts essential infrastructure will be constructed in order to develop them into denser habitat. Plus,
the development of the villages in the areas affected by implementation of projects like hydroelectric centre, highways will be started in
integrated way.
Ninth Plan
Accordingly as National Urban Policy, the role of Urban area in productivity will be strengthen creating more number of jobs so as to act like
supplement in poverty alleviation.In order to properly manage the internal migration in Municipalities and other cities, infrastructures and
public utilities development will be prioritized.The government office buildings and staff residence will be properly managed. In addition, the
historical, cultural and religious sites will be renovated and conserved.
Program (
)
Policy making and investigation (

)
In order to manage the unbalanced and uncontrolled urbanization in the country, the National Urban Policy and work directives will be formulated
and implemented. Likewise bye-laws will be made to form municipalities and categorize emerging towns.
The National Building Policy and work directives will be brought into practive in order to properly use the private and government investment in
making government, semi-government- non-government building construction cost effective, secured and environment friendly.
Less expensive, standard, secured and environment friendly construction technology will be developed to increase the construction of the
number of residential houses having minimum rural and urban services and facilities.
Financial and institutional aid will be managed in providing residential houses to employees working in government, non-government and private
sector. Combined housing system will be used as a model in motivating residential housing construction.
Act, Rules and bye-laws Formulation ( ,

)
Town planning and development Act, Land . Act and House Land Business Act will be formulated and implemented.
National Building Code and Building Act will be implemented.
Prevailing Acts and Rules on Building, Housing and Urban Development will be duly revised.
EIA directives/guidelines will be formulated for Building, Housing and Urban Development works.
Sub-regional Development Program ()
The working role and future direction of major cities of the country will be envisaged and infrastructures will be constructed in appropriate region
in order to plan and address overwhelming urbanization, migration, including problem associated with uncontrolled sub-regional market
and habitation problem in north-south highways and its feeder roads.

Ninth Plan (1997-2002):

Kathmandu Valley Development Program (

Valley-wide extensive geo-usage work policy in municipalities and local area plan in VDCs in Kathmandu Valley will be introduced and implemented
conglomerating all the metros, sub-metros, municipalities and VDCs inside Kathmandu Valley into one unit. Continuing with the Kathmandu Urban
Development Project, the integrated infrastructure construction and improvement work like water supply, drainage, electrification and road
improvement programs will be carried out as according to the Development Strategy Plan.
Physical Infrastructure management concerning building and construction of building of Ministry of Finance, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Women
and Social Welfare, Ministry of Defence, Ministry of Law and Justice under Singhadurbar Secretariat Reconstruction Program will be carried out. In
addition, the old west lounge of Singhadurbar improvement works will be completed and construction work of Ministry of General Administration will
start.
The unused government land will be emphasized to increase its productivity. In mutual participation of private and government bodies, building
complex construction works will be started to operate commercial activities and scattered government and non-government offices in same place in a
properly managed way.
Appropriate projefcts will be implemented for reliable and sustainable management to conserve, promote and improve historical, cultural, religious and
other heritages with touristic importance.
Public open places and ponds will be listed for conservation and improvement
Five of the unmanaged settlement within the urban region will be merged and their physical improvement will be done.
Nagarkot, Sankhu, Chapagaun, Tokha and Thankot regions, which are identified by Kathmandu Valley Strategy Plan, will be reconstructed, extended
and conserved. One or two sub-municipalities development will be prioritized suitable regions in valley.
The environmental improvement programs of open spaces next to major rivers of the valley will be continued.
District-wide Integrated Physical Development Program (
)
With the intention of fulfilling regional and local requirements of rural economics, 20 districts integrated physical plan will be prepared and implemented
through concerned authorities.
Urban Areas Development Program
City Plan for 22 municipalities that were formed in FY 53/54 will be drafted preparing base map and with clear demarcation of financial role of these
municipalities.
For 20 of those municipalities whose city development plan are not prepared, integrated action plan will be prepared and possible secondary cities
development will be given priority.
In order to improve and develop physical infrastructures of different municipalities of the nation, loan investment on projects prepared by TDF will be carried
out.
Small Town, Emerging villages and market centre development program (

)
Following programs will be implemented to make all services and facilities provided by government accessible to rural regions in an integrated way, and
make improvement in the National Urban Policy and make rural-urban linkage more effective.
Prepare physical development plan for different market centre and implement them through different authority.
Enhance capacity development for Town Development Committee.
Different open spaces development, market centre development, bus stops, banks, post offices, police area and institutional areas will be developed.
Rural road, bridges and culverts will be constructed to increase linkage between emerging villages and market centers.

Tenth Plan (2002-2007):

Long-term Approach (

Strengthening the inter-relationship of uncontrolled urbanization with rural areas

by management through physical plans, building earthquake resistant residence
as per public affordability and adapt construction technology to build cost effective
public and private buildings are the long-term approaches of tenth plan.
Objectives:
Urban Development
Strengthen the village-city relationship by sustainable development of urban
areas. And in doing so, conserve and promote the existing cultural, touristic and
historical areas.
Housing and Rural Habitation
Provide safe, secured and cost effective residences and promote administered
habitation.
Building
Build houses that reflect national or local architecture and develop safe, cost
effective and environmental appropriate buildings.

Three year interim plan (2007-2010):

Chapter 34 deals with the Housing and Urban Development

Census 2001 14% of total area in urban area.

Long term vision:

To manage haphazard urbanization through physical
planning and strengthen the urban rural interrelationship
to provide affordable and safe housing in alliance with the
private sector and to mobilize requisite technology to
make public and private buildings safe and economical.

Three Year Plan Approach Paper (2010/11-2012/13):

Expected Output:
Five regional cities would have been developed in five
development regions
Integrated infrastructure development of ten cities : five
medium and five small
seven thousands low cost housing construction
preparing city profile, resource map, periodic plan of
municipalities
Guidelines for the development of national and state
level towns

BUSINESS PLAN
OF
THE DEPARTMENT OF URBAN DEVELOPMENT AND
BUILDING CONSTRUCTION
Background
Department of Urban Development and Building Construction
(DUDBC) under Ministry of Urban Development (MUD), GoN has its
origins from Department of Building.
In 1962, Government of Nepal decided to do away with the then
Public Works Department and established two separate departments
such as Department of Road and Department of Building. This newly
established Department of Building was primarily assigned the
responsibility to carry out design, cost estimates, and supervision
works of the government buildings.

BUSINESS PLAN OF DUDBC.

Background

In 1971 Department of Building was reconstituted as Department of

Housing, Building and Physical Planning. In the context of Nepal this
department can be regarded as the pioneer institution in the field of
physical planning. Again in 1987 in order to specialize the works of
building and physical planning two separate departments
Department of Housing and Urban Development and Department of
Building were created. This process continued even in 2000, these
two departments were amalgamated to form the present Department
of Urban Development and Building Construction to work as the main
government agency responsible to work in building construction,
housing and urban development sector in Nepal.

Roles and Responsibility of DUDBC

The long term vision of the department is:
Safe, economical and environmentally friendly building construction
Affordable housing
Sustainable urban development
The objectives of the three divisions are as follows:
Housing Division
Promote safe and affordable housing through development of planned
settlements
Building Construction Division
Promote construction and development of safer, economical, and
environmentally friendly buildings which also foster local architecture
Urban Development Division
Promote sustainable urban development and urban rural linkages through
development of modern physical facilities and conservation of cultural,
religious, and historical heritage sites

Roles and Responsibility of DUDBC

The function and responsibilities of DUDBC are:
Formulation, planning and implementation of urban policies
Formulation, planning and implementation of housing plans and
policies
Design construction, repair and maintenance of the government
buildings

Need of Business Plan

A business plan is a formal document which lists a set of
activities to be accomplished within a given time frame.
A typical business plan should cover the following aspects:

A typical business plan should cover the following aspects:

Vision and mission
Goal and objectives
Benchmarks and targets
Expected results (outcomes and outputs)
stakeholders analysis
Problems and challenges
Strengths and opportunities
Strategic interventions and options
Core activities

Business Plan of the Housing Sector

Vision, mission and objectives of National Shelter Policy,
2012 are:

Long term vision

To provide housing, which is safe, adequate and affordability to all.

Mission
To develop the concept of housing by including the families remaining below
the poverty line and residing in unplanned and unsafe settlements.

Objectives
1. To increase appropriate, safe and environment-friendly production of housing
suitable to all income groups and to upgrade the existing housing.
2. To mobilize effectively the financial resources necessary for the development
of housing.
3. To carry out institutional reforms by clarifying the roles of governmental, nongovernmental, private sector and communities in housing sector.

House and household number

Household size

Census year

Population

Household number
Total

Urban
area

Rural
area

2058

2,31,51,423

42,53,200

5.44

4.85

5.55

2068

2,64,94,504
Urban 45,23,820
Rural 2,19,70,684

54,27,302
Urban 10,47,297
Rural 43,80,005

4.88

4.32

5.02

Population projection
Census
year

National
population

Urban
population

Rural
population

Urban
Rural
Urban
population population household
%
%
number

2028

1,15,55,983

4,61,938

1,10,94,045

4.0

96.0

2038

1,50,22,839

9,56,716

1,40,66,123

6.4

93.6

2048

1,84,91,097

16,82,274

1,68,08,823

9.1

90.9

2058

2,31,51,423

32,27,879

1,99,23,544

13.9

86.1

2068

2,64,94,504

45,23,820

2,19,70,684

17.1

82.9

10,45,575

2078 a

3,39,94,453

91,22,848

2,48,71,605

26.8

73.2

21,46,552*

2080 a

3,54,46,922

1,02,40,708 2,52,06,213

28.9

71.1

24,09,578*

Rural
household
number

43,77,722
49,74,321
**
50,41,243
**

Note: "a" means estimated * - Household size of 4.25 members and ** - household size of 5 members

Quantitative requirement of housing production

Description

Total

Urban

rural

Requirement of housing units in 2080 BS (coming ten 20,00,000 13,00,000 7,00,000

years)
Addition of just rooms and floors (urban 30% and rural 5,00,000
15%)
New construction

4,00,000

1,00,000

15,00,000 9,00,000

6,00,000

Quantity of housing targeted for the deprived groups

Description

Total

Total poverty in percentage (As per Economic Survey Report, 2068)

Urban

Rural

(25)

15

27

Housing units which will be addressed by adding rooms and floors

90000

60000

30000

Housing units to be newly constructed

300000

150000

150000

Total required housing units

390000

210000

180000

Quantity of housing units requirement apart from/other than deprived group

Description

Total

Urban

Rural

Housing units to be addressed by adding rooms and floors

410000

340000

70000

New housing units to be constructed

1200000 750000

Total required housing units

1610000 1090000 520000

450000

Quantitative requirement of the housing production

Description

Housing requirement in 2089 BS (in the coming 20 years )

Total

3800000

Urban

Rural

1026000 2774000

Adequate with addition of floors or rooms (Urban 30% and 1418000

rural 40% )

308000

1110000

New construction

718000

1664000

2382000

Quantity of housing targeted to the poor

Description

Total

Urban

Rural

25

15

27

567000

111000

456000

100000

100000

Squatter housing provision as per MDGs (100families per year)

2000

2000

Apartment housing for the urban poor (25 families per year in
10cities)

5000

5000

Cooperative farming and land bank programme(500 families per

year

10000

10000

Housing improvement programme as Ashram and Correction centre

2000

1000

1000

Low cost rental housing programme (500 families per year)

10000

5000

5000

Some percentage of low cost plots in private housing programme

20000

10000

10000

Concessional /subsidized housing loan programme

418000

88000

330000

Total

567000

111000

456000

Total poverty in percentage(As per Economic Survey Report )

Housing units to be newly constructed
Housing programme targeted to the poor
Poor oriented community housing programme (5000 units per year)

Quantity of housing units requirement other than deprived group

Description

Total

Urban

Rural

Quantity of housing units requirement other than

targeted to the poor

1815000

607000

1208000

Apartment housing (3000 units per year

60000

60000

Group housing (Colony, 1500 units per year) _

30000

30000

Land pooling and demonstration house pooling (1000

plots per year)

200000

50000

150000

Housing plots facilities (Private plotting 20000 per

year)

400000

100000

300000

Demonstration/model settlement development (100

families per year in 5 places)

10000

Model housing programme (50 units per year)

1000

200

800

Rental housing (5500 per year)]

110000

60000

50000

Use controlled individual housing with necessary loan

1004000

306800

697200

Total

1815000

607000

1208000

Housing production programme

10000

Investment requirement for the business plan period of 20 years

S.No.

Investors

Investment requirement in the base

year (Rs.in Lakh)

Total investment requirement

(Rs.in Lakh)

Share %

416606

0.89

914053

1.96

12457382

26.73

32812920

70.41

46600961

100.00

7170
1

Government

Corporation

Institutional

Individual

15955
217500
572900
813625
Total

Sectoral Share
Govt.
1%

Corpora
te
27%
Individu
al 70%

Corpora
ti on

2%

Business Plan of the Building Sector

Analysis of existing legal instruments and policy relating to building
National Building Policy,2069(Draft):
The National Building Policy,(Draft) prepared in 2069 BS for building sector is in the
process of approval. This draft document is primarily prepared with an objective to
construct safe,durable,comfortable and cost effective public and private buildings using
local construction materials and technology as far as possible. This draft policy has
divided the entire buildings into 16 categories based on the use. The objective of this
draft policy is to make safe and quality buildings according to National Building Code .
Attemps have been to made to identity and effectively mobilize the financial instruments
in order to make necessary investment in the building sector by this policy. It
emphasizes the need to formulate the policy for the maintenance of the building
standard and bye laws for different buildings.
Building Act, 2055:
The pervasiveness of building act implemented in 2055BS covers all municipalities and
village development committees of the country.It has categorized all the building into
four types from the structural point of view as per the building code.Major thrust in this
act is given to construct safe building by wider application of the building code therefore
implementation instrument relating to that and provisions for punishment for not
complying to building code are mentioned in the act .

Business Plan of the Building Sector

Analysis of existing legal instruments and policy relating to
building
Apartment Act, 2054:
The Apartment Act implemented in 2054BS paved the way for the private sector to involve in the
development of housing in an organized way. The broad subjects like the right of ownership of the
apartment, operation and management of such buildings, users rights of the housing units, responsibilities
of the buyers, responsibilities of the developers etc. are included in the act. The act has made mandatory
provision to form users committee for the smooth operation and maintenence of the apartment and the
complex.
Building Regulation, 2066:
It is necessary to pay certian amount of money by every individual including government, semi government
offices for getting building permit from concerned office.There is also provision in the regulation to issue
the building permit within 30 days by the concerned municipalities provided that application fulfils all the
requiremnts mentioned in it.There is a provision various process for approving different categorized
buildings as per national building code. Along with application form there are four types of technical firms to
be filled and signed by the engineer or an architect along with affidavit paper attached in the annex.
National Building Code:
The building code has really taken the strong footing and dynamism only after the destruction resulted from
the earthquake of 2045BS though the efforts had been made in the past towards the formulation of the
building code to make building construction works safe and organized in Nepal. The plan for the
preparation of the National Building Code was started by the then Building Department under the financial
assistance of the UNDP/UNCHS following the request made by then Ministry of Physical Planning and
Works to UNDP .Building code was prepard within two years period from 1992-94.

Categories of the Building Code

Level

Type of code

Context and use

State of art Design

Professionally
engineered buildings

Mandatory
thumbs

rule

Encouragement to ultra modern technology and

equipments in design and construction
Free use of ultra modern technology and principle

Professional designers
Design according to designated standard

of -

Guidelines for Remote Rural Buildings

Medium level technical subject matter

Readymade designs and detail plans to be used by
engineers, technicians, builders and house owners
Appropriate for all owner builder buildings can be
used up to three storeys buildings
Construction works using only traditional materials
and technology without involvement of the technicians
(mud, stone, wood, adobe brick etc)

Twenty years long term vision,mission and

objectives- Building Sector

Long term vision: To make public and private buildings

safe,durable,comfortable and cost effective by utilizing the local construction
materials and technology as far as possible.
Mission: To construct and develop safe,durable, cost effective and
environment friendly public and private buildings reflecting indigeneous y /local
architecture as far as possible.
Objectives:
To construct safe,durable, comfortable and cost effective buildings.
To promote local architecture, building construction technology related
knowledge and skills and construction materials.
To encourage the use of modern technology and new materials in the building
construction.
To develop effective financial instrument in the building sector.
To make special arrangement for the design,construction,use and
maintenence of the government buildings.
To improve in the institutional and legal structures of the building sector.

Working policy and action plans

(a) Working policy to implement different guidelines and bye
laws/standards to make building safe, comfortable and cost
effective by categorizing buildings from the point of view of
use.
(b) Working policy to implement maintenance plan by
formulating it
(c) Working policy to ensure quality assurance in building
construction
(d) Working policy for full compliance to building code by timely
improvements
(e) Working policy to promote and conserve the local
architecture
(f) Working policy to encourage local appropriate construction
technology, knowledge and skills

Working policy and action plans...

(g) Working policy to encourage the use of locally available
construction materials
h) Working policy to internalize the modern technology in
the building construction
(i) Working policy to encourage the use of new materials in
building construction
(j) Working policy to identify possible financial resources in
the building construction
(k) Working policy to establish and develop appropriate
financial instrument in building sector
(l) Working policy to increase the involvement of the
financial sector in building
(m) Working policy to maintain certain identity and facility
while desigining the government building

Working policy and action plans...

(n) Working policy to regulate the system of renting
government building
(o) Working policy to manage maintenence of the
government buildings
p) Working policy to enhance the capacity ofthe
stakeholders by institutional improvement in building
sector
(q) Working policy to improve timely in the existing legal
instruments relating to building sector

Proposed major programmes

1)Building sector regulation programme:
- Building design guidelines
- Building construction guidelines
-Public building maintenence guidelines and working policy
- Private building maintenence guidelines
- Geen building guidelines
- Building norms
-Specifications of the building construction works
-Guidelines relating to high rise building
-Minimum design standard for public buildings
- Minimum design standard for private buildings
-Different building design based on application and
construction guidelines

Proposed major programmes...

2)Disaster minimization programe:
3) Conservation of local architecture,technology and
construction materials:
4) Programme to use innnovative/new technoogy and
construction materials:
5) Building repair and improvement programme:
6) Building construction programme:
7) Financial attraction in building sector
8) Government building special programme:
9) Building sector institutional improvement programme:

Roles and Responsibility of Urban Development Division of

DUDBC
Vision: Sustainable urban development
Objective: Promote sustainable urban development and urban rural
linkages through development of modern physical facilities and
conservation of cultural, religious, and historical heritage sites
Major Roles and Responsibilities:
Preparation and Implementation of Development Plans
Physical Development Plan
Periodic Plan
Integrated Development Plan
Long Term Development Plan
Urban environment related program
Mapping and Data base preparation
Municipal Base Map
Land Use Map

Roles and Responsibility of Urban Development Division of DUDBC

..
Management of Urban Development Project
Urban and environment Improvement Project
Urban Governance Development Project
Integrated Urban Development Project
New Town Development Project
Secondary Town Integrated Urban Environment Improvement Project
Project Preparation and Proposal Writing for Donor Agencies
Small Town and Market Centre Planning and Implementation
Urban Infrastructure Planning and Construction
Land Development
Land Pooling
GLD
Human Resource Support and capacity building (man power supply)
Trainings
Technical personnel deputation to Municipality, TDCs
Cultural and Historical site conservation and planning
Advocate in ministry for contemporary policy, acts and strategies

Urban Size
Population

Classes

by Number of Municipalities

Total

Terai

Hill

Mountain

>= 100,000

10

50,000 99,999

10

16

< 50,000

17

15

32

Organization for Implementation of Physical Planning ,

housing and Building Construction

The then existing department of building was proposed to execute additional

two sectors; housing and urban development in B.S. 2028. In 1969 Physical
development plan of Kathmandu valley was prepared. Town Development
implementation Act 2029 was prepared to develop four regional centers;
Dhankuta, Kathmandu, Pokhara and Surkhet.
In 2045 Ministry of Physical Development was formed and consequently the
department of housing and urban development was formed to implement the
housing and urban related activities. And, the department of building looked
after the building related activities under the same ministry. In 2057 B.S. the
two departments were merged to form the department of urban development
and building construction.
However, there are 58 municipalities and 198 town development committees
and more than 132 small towns and their role is similar to that of the
department. Sometimes they have land development activities to address
the urban development issue and they issue the building permit hence
looking directly the building related issues.

The specific objectives of Department of Urban

Development
and
Building
Construction:

Urban development:
Sustainable urban development, by protecting
culture, tourism and historical areas and
strengthen the rural urban linkages

Housing:
Planned settlement and efficient housing

Building Construction:
Safe, economical and environmental friendly
building construction addressing to vernacular
architecture.

Organization Structure Existing) :

Department of Urban Development and Building Construction
Department of Urban Development and Building Construction

Urban Development
Division

Housing Division

Building Division

Housing Section

Building Construction
Section

Urban Environment
Section

Monitoring Section

Building Code Section

Small Cities Section

Small Cities Section

Building Service
Section

Municipality section

Monitoring Section

Physical planning and

Urban Development
Section

Statistical and GeoInformation Section

Building Maintenance
and Evaluation Section

Projects under DUDBC

- Secondary Towns Integrated Urban Environmental

- Improvement Project Integrated Urban Development Project
- Outer Ring Road Project
- Mahendranarayan Nidhi Mithila Cultural Central Project
- Special Physical and Infrastructure Area Development Project
- Biratnagar Outer Ring Road Project
- Health Related Programs
- etc
People Housing Program
Executing Sections/ Units
- 24 divisions
- Building Construction Maintenance Division
- Building Technology Research and training Centre

Issues Related to Urban Development- General

Policy / strategy for urban cum industrial development

Strengthening urban rural linkage
comprehensive legislative framework
institutional capacity for resource mobilization and
management
Environmental issues
urban land development and housing
long term plan for Kathmandu Valley
Urban Poverty
etc

Issues related to the Department .

Inadequate human resources

Municipality
with..(MOFALD)

Recommendation

Huge investment in urban area

Cost Recovery Mechanism
Optimal use of resources
Location of economic activities