Science

Science

Grade -1

Essential Learning

Culminating Performance`

The concept of Myself.

To tell about themselves and their families.
Details about their family members, concept of
big and small family.
Rules and manner in the classroom and at
home. Appreciate good manners.
Learn about living and non-livingthings.Correlate and compare themselves with living and
non-living things.

To bring about an awareness about oneself.

To develop observation and exploring skills.
To count their own family members.
To make students familiar with themselves
their name, age, likes, dislikes etc.
To understand the values of good manners
that they should follow in the classroom.
Construct knowledge about themselves based
on their experience inside and outside the school.
Students learn the use of three magic words
------Sorry,thank you and please.
Find the relationship between oneself and
other living being.
Identify living and non-living things.
To know the characteristics of living, non-living and correlate themselves whether living or
non-living.
Know the transformation of living things.
E.g., a small plant grows into a big plant,ababy
girl grows into a woman,and a baby boy grows
into a man.

Describes themselves and their family

members.
differentiates big and small family
perceives importance of different celebrations
understands and follows the rules and
good manners
compares living and non-living things
with their characteristics

OUR BODY
Health and hygiene of our body
Sense organs- Recall
Caring of sense organs
Importance of cleanliness,
Identify daily cleanliness habits and routines.

To comprehend the importance of cleanliness.

To explore the different ways to take care of
the sense organs.
Explore facts and information about human
body.
To enable the students to appreciate the basic
needs of man to keep clean.

Knows the importance of personal

well-being.
Possess a fair idea about the caring of
different body parts.

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Theme

Theme

Culminating Performance`

MEANS OF TRANSPORT
Concept of ancient and modern means of
transport.
Different kinds of vehicle movement
(Slow& fast).

To appreciate the importance of transport to

move from one place to another.
To recall transportation in ancient times.
Compare and differentiate between the ancient and the modern means of transport.
Appreciate the choice of the mode of transportation used in the past and the present, and
the impact of these on the environment today.
To compare the speed of different modes of
transport.
Classify various vehicles in terms of speed
and size.
Build up a relation between distance and use
of vehicles accordingly.

Develops an awareness regarding different means of transport.

Understands the different means of
transport that we use to go from one place to
another.
Understands how people moved from
place to place before the invention of motorized transport.
Observes and differentiates slow moving and
fast moving vehicles.

PLANT LIFE
Kinds of plants - herbs, shrubs, trees, climbers and creepers, Uses of plants-things we get
from plants like fruits, vegetables, foodgrains
and other materials.

To understand the importance of plants.

To know how to take proper care of plants.
Classify plants on the basis of their physical
characteristics
Identify the features and role of trees.
Differentiate the plants as shrubs and herbs.
Categorise the plants as creepers and climbers.
To explain unique features of each type of
plant.
To discuss about the uses of plants.
To observe the resources of different products.
Define and classify plants into trees, shrubs,
herbs,climbers, and creepers.
Name different materials available from plants
and list their uses
Discuss medicinal values of certain plants.

Identifies plants as trees, shrubs, herbs,

creepers and climbers.

328

Essential Learning

Science

Develops an understanding and knowledge about uses and importance of plants in

human life.
Notices,wonders and explores plant kingdom

Science

329

Theme

Essential Learning

Culminating Performance`

FOOD
Food from plants (fruits, vegetables and food
grains), Food from animals(milk, oil, meat,
egg), good food habits,

To understand that food is essential for all

living beings.
To discuss about two main sources of foodplant and animals.
To identify the sources of various food items.
To know about table etiquettes.
To observe the measures that should be adopted to ensure hygiene.

Identifies the sources of food

Develops awareness about goodeating
habits and understands the need of it.

ANIMAL LIFE
Different food habits of animals.
Comprehendplant eaters, flesh eaters, both
plant-flesh eaters, grain eaters, insect eaters.
Size and movement of animals, different things
that we get from animals

To comprehend andanalyse different food

habits of animals.
To differentiate the animals according to their
food habits.
To be conscious about the different animals
based on its size and movement.
To comprehend and list out the things that we
get from animals.
List different animals found in their neighbourhood.
Observe how animals change from infancy to
childhood.
Suggest how to treat animals with great care
and sensitivity.
Explain how animals are alike and different.
Identify and comprehend some common insects.

Classifiesthe animals according to food

habits.
Achievesawareness about the salient features of animals.
Identifies and differentiates plant products
and animal products

Theme
WATER
Need of water for the survival of all living
things.
Sources of water.
Uses of water.
Conservation of water.

Essential Learning
To appreciate the basic needs of human beings.
To acquire an understanding about the importance
of water for all living things.
Observe and comprehend different sources of
water.
Develops an awareness about the sources and
uses of water.
Stimulate their thinking skills and aesthetic sense.
Predict and compare amount of water used in
different activities.
Nurture their curiosity and creativity.
Explore and learn the ways and measures to save
water.

330

Understand the importance of house.

Classify the houses according to size and materials used.
Identify the materials used for kachcha and pakka
WE NEED A HOUSE
houses.
Importance of house, Types of house- kachcha, Identify the features of kachcha and pakka houses.
pakka, Materials used for kachchahouse and
Develop awareness to keep the house neat and
pakka house.
tidy for healthy life.
Develop the positive attitude to do routine maintenance to protect the house.
Examine the ways of garbage disposal and segregation to keep our home and surroundings clean.
segregation to keep our home and surroundings
clean.

Science

Culminating Performance`
Develops the ability to identify different
sources of water and their multiple uses.
Realizes that since water is essential for
living beings a conscious effort to conserve it
must be made.
Acquaints themselves with the various
problems related to scarcity of water.
Records observations that incorporate
details.

Understands the importance of house in

their life.
Classifies the different types of houses.
Identifies materials used for each type of
house.

Science
Essential Learning

Culminating Performance`

OUR EARTH AND UNIVERSE

Heavenly bodies (Sun, Moon, stars),Surface of
earth and globe,Phases of moon, Land forms
(plains, mountains, rivers, hills and deserts),
Natural resources and man made structures

To introduce the term our universe

Investigate about surface of earth and different land forms
Define globe and atmosphere
Observe and communicate why life is possible
only on the earth
To analyze the natural resources and manmade structures
Explore and investigate more about sun and
moon
To identify and understand the percentage of
water and land on earth.
Recognise that sun gives us heat and light
without which we cannot live.
Research about people who landed on moon.

Identifies land forms andphases of moon.

Understands the concept of heavenly
bodies and atmosphere of the earth
Differentiates natural things and manmade things
Nurtures the curiosity and interest
through observation and result

Essential Learning

Culminating Performance`

Introduce their self to their classmates.

Comprehends about their own families.
Recognize and differentiate the term extended family and nuclear family.
Classify male and female members in a family.
Analyse the occupation of each member of the
family.
Appreciate relationship with family members
and relatives.

Introduces themselves.
Identifies family members and their importance.
Recognizes the term extended family, nuclear family, male and female members and
their occupations.
Develops sense of need of family

331

Theme

Grade -2
Theme
MY SELF/MY FAMILY.
1. Self-Introduction.
2. Family members.
Extended and Nuclear family.
Male and female members in the family.
Occupation of family members.

332

Theme

Essential Learning

FOOD
Food from plants (fruits, vegetables and food
grains), Food from animals(milk, oil, meat,
egg), good food habits,

To understand that food is essential for all

living beings.
To discuss about two main sources of foodplant and animals.
To identify the sources of various food items.
To know about table etiquettes.
To observe the measures that should be adopted to ensure hygiene.

Identifies the sources of food

Develops awareness about goodeating
habits and understands the need of it.

II. Our body.

1. Changes in human body.
Childhood, teenager, adult, old man.
2. Comparing the body parts of Animals and
Human beings.
3. Internal organs.
Brain, Heart, Lungs, Stomach, Bones and
Muscles.
4. Exercise.

1. Recognize the changes in human body.

2. Analyse childhood, teenage, adult and old
man.
3. Compare the body parts of animals and human
beings.
4. Identify the major internal organs of our body.
5. Identify the location and recognize the functions of the brain, heart, lungs, and stomach
6. Infer the relationship between internal organs
and diseases.
7. Observe and identify bones and muscles.
8. Predict and infer the functions of each.
9. Identify importance of exercise for our body.

1. Recognizes the changes in human body.

2. Compares body parts of animals and human beings.
3. Identifies the major internal organs.
4. Realizes the importance of exercise.

Science

Culminating Performance`

Science
Essential Learning

Culminating Performance`

III. Means of transport.

1. Invention of wheel
2. Transportations used in villages and cities.
3. Public and private transport.

1. To recall transportation used in ancient times.

2. Compare and differentiate between the vehicles used in cities and villages.
3. Appreciate the mode of transportation used in
cities and villages.
4. To investigate importance of vehicles.
5. Differentiate between public and private transport.

1. Develops an awareness that different

means of transport have different kinds of
wheels
2. Understands the different means of transport that we use in cities and villages.
3. Understands how people moved from
place to place before invention of motorized
transport.
4. observes and differentiates public and
private transport

IV. Plants
1. Edible parts of a plant
Stem, root and leaves of plant.
2. Functions of root and stem.
3. Leaf diversity
Shapes of leaves.
4. Plants grown in different places.

1. Identify the edible part of stem, root and

leaves.
2. Analyse the role of food we get from root,
stem and leaves.
3. Differentiate between the functions of root
and stem.
4. Observe the shape and colour of leaves.
5. Differentiate the shape of leaves.
6. Investigate about the plants grown in different places.
7. Analyse the structural and functional variations of plants grown in different places.
8. Recognize effect of climate on plants.

1. Identifies edible part of the plant.

2. Acquaints with the functions of root and
stem.
3. Identifies leaf by observing its shape and
colour.
4. Realizes plants grown in different climate.

333

Theme

Theme

Culminating Performance`

V. FOOD
1. Sources of Food
2. Kinds of Food
Energy giving food, body building food,
protective food, balanced diet, vegetarian,
non-vegetarian.
3. Raw food and cooked food.

1. Recall the sources of food.

2. Of food such as fruits, vegetables, pulses,
cereals, egg, fish, meat, milk.
3. Recognize different kinds of food and their
importance (energy giving food, body building
food & protective food).
4. Classify the food items into the three food
groups.
5. Differentiate between non vegetarian and
vegetarians
6. Appreciate the importance of balanced diet
and water for our health.
7. Recall and appreciate difference between raw
food and cooked food.
8. Infer results from poor health habits.

. Recalls sources of food.

2. Recognizes different kinds of food, vegetarian, non-vegetarian and balanced diet.
3. Identifies raw and cooked food.
4.develops sensitivity towards wastage of
food

VI. Animals.
1. Food habits of animals.
Herbivores, carnivores, omnivores, scavengers.
Needs of animals.
2. The teeth of animals.
Incisors,canines, premolars and molars.

1. Differentiate animals based on food habits.

2. Recognizes and distinguishes plant eating
animals-Herbivores, flesh eating animals-Carnivores, Omnivores and scavengers.
3. Promote positive attitude towards the needs
of animals.
4. Identify the different kinds of teeth.
5. Apply the knowledge on structure of the
teeth in making the model of the teeth.

Classifies the animals into different

groups.
Identifies different types of teeth

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Essential Learning

Science

Science
Theme

Essential Learning

Culminating Performance`

335

VII. Air:
1. Air & Atmosphere
2. Properties and uses
Components of air
3. Air Pollution.
Causes & solutions for air pollution.

1.Identify the importance of air

2. Realize the uses of air.
3 Identify the properties of air.
4. Recognize the importance of fresh air.
5 Demonstrate that air takes up space and it has
weight.
6 Recognize that air is a mixture of gases.
7. Analyse the different components of air.
8.Identify the factors that causes air pollution and
the solutions

1. Identifies the importance and uses of air.

2. Identifies properties of air.
3. Recognizes the importance of fresh air.
4. Recognizes that air is a mixture of gases.
5. Identifies the factors that cause air pollution and the solutions.

VIII. Water
1. Forms of water.
Ice, water, water vapour.
2. Evaporation, condensation and freezing.
3. Water cycle.
4. Water pollution
Causes and prevention.

1. Identify three forms of water and their properties.

2. Observe and recognize the process of evaporation, condensation and freezing.
3. Comprehend the process of water cycle.
4. Observe and infer the causes and prevention
of water pollution.

1. Identifies three forms of water.

2. Distinguishes the process of evaporation,
condensation and freezing.
3. Recognizes water cycle.
4. Realizes the causes and prevention of water pollution.
5. Understands the concept and applies
knowledge in daily life.

IX. Universe.
1. land forms
Valley and plateau.
2. Our solar system.
Planets and importance of earth.

1. Recall and revise the land forms.

2. Explore natural surroundings and various
land forms (valley and plateau).
3. Describe the planets in the solar system.
4. Realize the relationship between sun and
planets.

1. Recalls different landforms.

2. Identifiesdifferent planets and realizes
importance of sun. 3.Applies knowledge to
make the model of solar system
Knows about different types of soil and their
properties.
Understands soil erosion and soil conservation.

Grade - 3
Essential Learning

Culminating Performance`

THINGS AROUND US
Living and non-living things
Characteristics of living and non-living things.
1. Living things grow and develop
2. Living things need food and water
3. Living things responds to stimuli.
4. Living things breathe
5. Living things move
6. Living things reproduce and die.

To recognize and describe the differences

between living and non- living things
To identify what living things need in order
to live.
To comprehend about the life cycle of animal.
To identify and provide examples of living
things belonging to the following major groups
of living things(birds, insects, mammals, fish
and flowering plants)
To experiment and observe what happens
when we touch the leaves of touch me not plant
To investigate and predict the breathing system of plant and animals.
To observe that living things move
To observe and appreciate that the living
things reproduce young ones like themselves.

Differentiates between living and non-living

thing.
Identifies characteristics of living
things
Shows curiosity and interest through listening
and questioning to seek further information.
Investigates ,observes and predicts.

OUR BODY
Cell, tissue and organ
ORGAN SYSTEMS.
1. Skeletal system
2. Muscular system
3. Digestive system
4. Breathing system
5. Circulatory system
6. Nervous system
7. Excretory system
Traits and heredity

To define cell , tissue and organs

To observe and analyze different bones present in the skeletal system.
To observe different muscles present in our
body.
To comprehend the process of digestion in
the digestive system
To explore the process of breathing system
Inhaling and Exhaling
To investigate and record the circulation of
blood in circulatory system.

Understands the concept of organ system and

can explain all the organ system and realizes and appreciates importance of traits and
heredity.

336

Theme

Science

Science
Theme

Essential Learning

Culminating Performance`

To investigate and explore the function of

brain
To observe and analyse the work of kidneys
in excretory system.
Discuss the similarities and differences of
appearance and nature in a family. To research
how some traits are inherited from parents.

337

KEEPING SAFE
Safety rules while travelling in a bus.
Safety on the road , in playground, home and
in school
First aid

To comprehend the safety rules while travelling in a bus

To analyse safety measure to be taken on the
road , in playground , home and in school
Identify and list out the things to be kept in
first aid box.

Realizes the importance of safety rules while

travelling in a bus, the safety on the road , in
playground , home and in school,
Applies knowledge to make first aid box.
Understands the concept with application in
different practices

PARTS OF A PLANT
Tap root and fibrous root
Leaf- simple and compound leaf.
Structure and function of leaf .
Flowers
Structure of flower.
Pollination.
Seed dispersal.
Agents of pollination
Fruits and seeds
Compost pit

Understands the different parts of a plant.

Differentiates tap roots and fibrous roots
Understands the process of pollination
Identifies compost pit

To recall the different parts of a plant

To analyse the different types of root
To differentiate between simple and com
pound leaf.
To analyse the structure and function of leaf.
To infer the functions of leaf.
To interpret the structure of flower
To define pollination and to recognize the
agents of pollination.
To make a compost pit and appreciate the
importance of it.

Theme
STATES OF MATTER
Matter and its properties.
Molecular arrangements.
Solids that dissolve in liquids.
Mixture-Preparation and their separation
(Solid - solid, liquid-liquid, liquid-gas).

Essential Learning

Culminating Performance`

identify matter
compare and contrast different properties of
matter.
Differentiate the molecular arrangement of
solids, liquids and gases.
To experiment to find out the solids that dis
solve in liquids.
Recognize that the volume of determined by
the size and shape of the container.
Compare substances and mixtures and con
duct an experiment to explain how mixtures
can be prepared and separated

Identifies matter and its properties

ANIMAL LIFE
Animals that swallow their food whole
Animals that take in liquid food
Lapping
Sucking
Animals that eat grass and chew(cud chewing
animals)
Extinct animals
Fossils

To analyse the animals that swallow their

food as a whole
To appreciate the process of lapping
To observe the process of sucking
To observe and predict the process of chewing the cud
To investigate and record the extinct animals
To understand the term fossil

Identifies animals that swallow their food

whole
Perceives importance of lapping, sucking,
cud chewing.
Explores fossils and identifies extinct animals

BIRDS
Different Parts of a bird
Wing movements
1. Upstroke
2. Down stroke
Feathers,beak,feet ,claws and nests

Communicates and explains parts of a bird

,its wing movements
Identifies different kinds of feet,claws and
beaks
Shows curiosity and interest through observation of different kinds of nests

Methods of separation like hand picking, winnowing, sieving.

338

To comprehend different parts of a bird

To analyse different types of wing movement
To observe and record different types of feathers.
To analyse and explore different types of beak
To interpret different types of feet and claws
To explore different types of nests

Science

Performs exploratory activities to acquire

basic psychomotor skill with different methods of separation of mixtures

Science
Theme

339

Essential Learning

Culminating Performance`

LIGHT AND SOUND

Luminous and non-luminous objects
Shadow formation ,different kinds of sounds

To differentiate between luminous and non

luminous object
To observe and infer the formation of shadow
at different times of the day.
Discover how different sounds are produced.
Observe that vibrations create sound.
Describe the volume and pitch of sound.
Recognise sound as a form of energy.
To identify and record the different types of
sound.

Recognises and explains luminous and non

luminous objects, formation of shadows and
sound.
Communicates about volume and pitch of
sound.

SOIL
Kinds, formation and uses of soil
Components of soil(gravel,sand,clay,humus,air
and water)
different kinds of rocks.
Weathering

To recall the importance of soil

To investigate kinds and formation of soil
To investigate and compare components of
soil samples
To experiment and predict soil contain water
To experiment and observe soil contain air
To investigate the process of weathering
To identify different kinds of rocks
to know uses of soil
compare and contrast sandy and clayey soil

Identifies soil and its components

understands the process of weathering and
communicates different kinds of rocks ,Uses
of soil

Grade - 4

340

Theme

Essential Learning

Food and Microbes.

Why do we eat food.
Components of Food
Carbohydrates, fats, proteins, vitamins, minerals, fibre, their sources and significance for
human health
Role of water and roughage in digestion.
Balance diet.
Good eating habits for proper digestion.
Significance of cooking.
Food preservation.
Adulteration
Microbes and diseases.
Useful microbes.

To analyze the components present in the

food and their functions.
To identify the food containing such nutrients.
To understand the role of water and roughage
in digestion.
To define balance diet.
To appreciate good eating habits for proper
digestion.
To understand the significance of cooking.
To define food preservation.
To analyze and research different methods of
food preservation.
To define and experimenting adulteration.
To predict and infer the health hazards due to
adulteration.

Knowledge about components of food and

their role in our body.

Solids, Liquids and Gases

Three states of matter, Properties of matter,
Molecules and molecular arrangements.
Solute,solvent and solutions

To experiment with the properties of matter.

To know the definition of molecules.
To understand more about molecular arrangements in different matter.
To investigate the solids dissolve in liquids.
To recognize the fact that the volume of water does not change even after dissolving sugar
in it.
To define the terms solute, solvent and solution
To understand how gases
dissolve in liquids

Applies knowledge to understand about

properties of matter, molecules and molecular
arrangements.

Science

Culminating Performance`

Understands good eating habits.

Applies knowledge to understand importance
of food preservation and different malpractices in food adulteration.

Understands the solids that dissolve in liquids

and Volume of liquid is equal to volume of
solid that dissolve in it.
Applies knowledge about solute solvent and
solution and gases dissolve in solids.

Science

341

Theme

Essential Learning

Culminating Performance`

Electricity and Magnetism

Good conductors and bad conductors of electricity.
Magnetic attraction and repulsion.
Materials which attract magnets

To differentiate the good conductors and bad

conductors of electricity.
To recognize that magnets attract and repulse
To identify and explore the materials that are
attracted by magnets.

Understands the bad conductors and good

conductors
Knowledge about magnets attraction and
repulsion
Applies knowledge in daily life.

Animals
Habitat
Adaptations
a.in terrestrial animals
b.aquatic animals
c. in amphibians
d. in arboreal animals
e.in aerial animals
adaptation in behavior
a. Hibernation
b. Aestivation
c. Migration
Adaptation for protection
Camouflage
Shells and spines
Strong legs
Poison
Endangered animals
Reproduction
Mammals
Life cycle
Hen, Frog, Reptiles, Cockroach and Butterfly

Recalls Terrestrial, Aquatic, Amphibians,

Arboreal and aerial.
To define the terms habitat and Adaptation
To analyze the different
Types of adaptations in animals according to
their habitat.
To enable the students to understand the
adaptations of animals in their behaviour.
To differentiate hibernation and aestivation.
To realize the importance of migration of
birds.
To observe and recognize adaptation for protection of animals.
To investigate and record of endangered animals.
Define reproduction.
List out different ways by which animals
reproduce
Define the term mammals and give examples.
Identify different parts of egg.
Appreciate parental care by certain animals
to their young ones.
Identify the different stages of hen,
Cockroach, frog and butterfly.
Define the term metamorphosis

Identifies different adaptations of animals.

Understands the importance of adaptation
among animals.
Identifies the two ways animals reproduce.
Applies knowledge to understand the developmental changes in the life cycle of insects.

Theme

342

Essential Learning

Culminating Performance`

Force, Work and Energy

Force, Effects of force,
Types of force
a. Gravitational force
b. Friction
Simple machine.
a.lever
b. Pulley
c. Iclined plane
d.Screw
e.Wedge
f.Wheel and Axle
Work
Energy
Sources of energy
Sun,Wind and water.

To define force.
To observe and analyze the different effects
of force.
To conduct experiment on friction and gravity.
To categorize simple machine
To appreciate the uses of simple machine.
To identify when work is said to be done.
T define energy
To recognize different sources of energy and
its uses.

Defines Force, Work and Energy and identifies the effects of force.

Adaptation of plants
Terrestrial plants in
a. Desert
b. Mountain region
c. Plain region
d. Hot and humid region
e. Heavy rainfall region,
Aquatic plants
a. Fixed aquatic plants
b. Under water plants
c. Floating plants
Plants with poison.
Insectivorous plants
Saprophytes

To recall call aquatic plants and terrestrial

plants
To classify plants according to their environment.
To analyse different adaptations shown by
them.
To explore selected habitat to observe and
examine a variety of plants.
To define non green plants and conduct research how do they get their food.
To investigate how insectivorous plants get
their food.

Classifies plants according to their environment

Understands adaptation found in some plants.
Explores and observes different habitats

Science

Applies knowledge to understand Friction,

Gravity and the sources of energy.
Understands the concept with good reasoning
skill.

Science
Theme

Culminating Performance`

Soil
Different types of soil
a. clayey soil
b. Loamy soil
c. Sandy soil
Soil erosion
Causes of soil erosion
Soil conservation.

To observe and classify different types of

soil.
To investigate the properties and uses of
different types of soil.
To define and compare soil erosion and soil
conservation.
To identify the factors responsible for soil
erosion.
To define terms crop rotation and over grazing.
To investigate the ways of conserving soil.
To create an awareness about the importance
of fertile soil.

Knows about different types of soil and their

properties.

Air , Water and Weather

Understand and analyze changes in weather.

Predict and communicate the elements which
contribute to weather.
Define the terms wind storm, humidity, land
breeze, sea breeze
Compare weather and climate.
Infer how weather changes affect people.
Interpret and record weather data.
Experiment and record different ways of
purification of water.
Predict weather conditions by looking at the
sky.

Knows about changes in weather and role of

sun in weather changes.

343

Essential Learning

The changes in weather, various elements of

weather, role of sun in weather changes,humidity,sea breeze, land breeze,hailstones,snow
dew frost,fog,sea breeze, concept of purification of water. (sedimentation, decantation)

Understands soil erosion and soil conservation.

Understands the terms humidity, sea breeze,

land breeze, hailstones, snow dew frost, fog.
applies knowledge to understand the methods of purification of water

Theme
Green Plants.
Different parts of a leaf and functions of each
part ,working of leaves, how do leaves prepare food, stomata, how do the plants use
their food, test of the presence of starch, green
plants and non green plants, energy flow in
living things ,interdependence of plants and
animals, balance in nature

Essential Learning

Culminating Performance`

344

Recall different parts of a leaf and their func- Identifies parts of leaf and its functions.
Identifies some unusual plants.
tions.
Applies knowledge to understand importance
Recognize simple and compound leaves and
of balance in nature
reticulate and parallel venations.
Experiment to show iodine gives blue black
colour with starch.
Investigate and explain that sunlight and
chlorophyll are necessary for photosynthesis.
Analyze how cactus plant and other non
green plants get their food.
Define food chain and food web.
Knowledge of the fact that a balance between
the number of plants and animals is essential to
maintain balance in nature.
predict ways to conserve plants.
Investigate fo0d chains and food webs in
ecosystems and communicate their functions.

Science

Science
Grade - 8
Theme
FOOD.

345

Crop production:
Soil preparation,
selection of seeds,
sowing,
applying fertilizers,
irrigation,
weeding,
harvesting and storage,
nitrogen fixation,
nitrogen cycle.

MICRO ORGANISMS
Micro organisms useful
and harmful,.
.

Essential Learning

Culminating Performance`

To understand about agriculture

To be aware of Various cropping patterns
such as Rabi crops and Kharif Crops
To identify Various practices of crop production
To find out the steps behind preparation of
soil.
To identify steps related to selection and
sowing of seeds.
To enumerate the various irrigation methods
To understand the various weeding techniques
To identify the harvesting and various effective storage methods.
To enumerate the role of nitrogen and its
fixation.

Get an awareness on various agricultural

practices and implements

To enumerate the roles of Micro-organisms

in our life
To differentiate the major groups of microorganisms.
To identify the useful and harmful micro organisms.
To understand the various food preservation
methods.

Understand the steps involved in nitrogen

cycle
Acquire knowledge about the beneficial
and harmful effects of microbes
Classify microbes into different categories

Theme
MATERIALS
Synthetic clothing materials.
Other synthetic materialsespecially plastics, usefulness of plastics and
problems associated
with their excessive use.
There are a variety of
Fibrous materials in use.
material is chosen based
on desired property.
346

Metals and Non-Metals

Combustion, flame
All fuels release heat on burning. Fuels differ
in efficiency, cost etc. Natural resources are
limited. Burning of fuels leads to harmful by
products.

Essential Learning

Culminating Performance`

To differentiate various synthetic fibres such

as artificial silk, nylon etc
To understand about plastic
To identify the useful and harmful effect of
plastic
To understand the various uses of fibrous
materials
To analyse the Physical and chemical properties of materials

Explore physical and chemical properties

of materials.
Classify fibres based on their properties.
Understand the disadvantages of synthetic
fibres.
Create an environmental friendly mind.

Able to differentiate between metals and

non metals.
To identify the physical and
Chemical properties of metals and non metals.
To understand uses of metals and non metals.

Understand the physical and chemical

properties of metals and non metals.
Able to apply the knowledge acquired in
real life.

To understand the difference between combustible and non-combustible substances.

To enumerate the limitations of fossil fuels.
To understand the conditions necessary for
the combustion.
To identify the nature of fuel
To aware about the harmful effects of burning of fuels.
To identify the fire fighting techniques

Acquire a basic knowledge on fuels.

Identify the conditions required for combustion.
Site the limitations of fossil fuels.
Appreciate the efforts of fire fighters.

Science

Science
Theme

347

Essential Learning

Culminating Performance`

The world of the living

Conservation of
biodiversity/wild life/
plants; zoos, sanctuaries,
forest reserves etc. Flora,
fauna .Endangered species,
Red data book; endemic
species, migration.

To understand about importance of biodiversity

To identify the endangered species.
To understand the importance of conservation
To understand the terms flora and fauna.
To identify the importance of red data book.
To be aware of endemic species.
To enumerate the cause and effect of migration process.

Develop an awareness on the importance

of conservation of biodiversity

The cell
Cell structure, plant and
animal cells, use of stain
to observe, cell organelles
nucleus, vacuole,
chloroplast, cell
membrane, cell wall.

To identify the structure of cell

To understand the staining process.
To identify the various parts of a cell
To differentiate between animal and plant
cell

Understand the structure and function of

cell
Identify the cell organelles and their role
Differentiate plant cell and animal cell

How babies are formed

Sexual reproduction and endocrine system in
animals, secondary sexual characters, reproductive health; internal and external fertilisation.

To understand about mode of reproduction

To identify the difference between sexual and
asexual reproduction
To analyse the secondary sexual characteristics
To aware about reproductive health.
To differentiate between external and internal
fertilisation

Understand the importance of reproduction in living organisms

Compare sexual and asexual reproduction
Identify the secondary sexual characters
in male and female
Realise the importance of maintaining
reproductive health

Theme

Essential Learning

Culminating Performance`

348

MOVING THINGS , PEOPLE AND IDEA

Idea of force Idea of force-push or pull; change
in speed, direction of moving objects and
shape of objects by applying force; contact and
non-contact forces.

To understand the concept of force

To identify the effects of pressure
To enumerate the unit of force
To differentiate the classification of force.
To understand the result of application of
force on an object such as change in its state of
motion or its shape
To identify the difference between contact
and non-contact forces

Acquire knowledge of resultant force

Develop a basic knowledge of pressure.
Explore the result of application of force
on an object such as change in its state of
motion or its shape

FRICTION
Friction factors affecting friction, sliding and
rolling friction, moving; advantages and disadvantages of friction for the movement of automobiles, airplanes and boats/ships; increasing
and reducing friction.

To identify the causes of friction

To differentiate the types of friction.
To understand the factors affecting friction
such as nature of surfaces
To analyse the advantages and disadvantages
of friction
To realize that friction is a necessary evil

Develop a basic knowledge on the importance of friction.

Explore factors affecting friction such as
nature of surfaces
Apply their knowledge in daily life situations.

To identify the concept of pressure.

To understand the applications of pressure
Idea of pressure; pressure exerted by air/liquid; To aware about the atmospheric pressure.
atmospheric pressure
To understand the pressure exerted by fluids
such as water in a bottle, air in inflated balloon

Relate effects of pressure in daily life

situations.
Experience the pressure exerted by fluids
such as water in a bottle, air in inflated balloon

PRESSURE

Science

Science

349
349A

Theme

Essential Learning

Culminating Performance`

SOUND
Various types of sound; sources of sound;
vibration as a cause of sound; frequency;
medium for propagation of sound; idea of
noise as unpleasant and unwanted sound and
need to minimise noise.

To identify the various sources of sound

To identify the various types of sound
To understand the Sources of sound such as
stretched strings, membranes, air columns
To enumerate the structure of human ear
To differentiate the terms noise and music
To aware of noise pollution and the harmful
effects Of noise pollution

Acquire a basic knowledge of sound production.

Explore the sources of sound such as
stretched strings, membranes, air columns
Understand the sensation of hearing.
Develop awareness about the harmful
effects of noise pollution

HOW TO THINGS WORK

Electric current and circuit Water conducts
electricity depending on presence/ absence of
salt in it. Other liquids may or may not conduct
electricity. Chemical effects of current. Basic
idea of electroplating

To identify the terms conductors and insulators

To classify the liquids as good conductors
and bad conductors
To understand the Chemical effects of current such as electroplating

Classify materials into conductors and

insulators.
Demonstrate conductivity of liquids
Relate the concept of electrolysis in daily
life

NATURAL PHENOMENA
Rain , thunder , lightning Clouds carry electric
charge. Positive and negative charges, attraction and repulsion. Principle of lightning
Conductor

To understand about rain ,thunder, lightning

To identify the transfer of charge
To understand the story of lightning
To identify the process charging by rubbing
To differentiate between two kinds of electric charges
To understand the cause and effect of earthquakes.
To aware about the safety measures to be
taken during on earthquake.

Experiences the transfer of charges by

various method
Relate it in daily life situations
Get awareness about the cause and effect
of earthquakes.

349
350B

Theme

Essential Learning

Culminating Performance`

LIGHT
Laws of reflection. Characteristics of image
formed with a plane mirror. Regular and diffused reflection. Reflection of light from
an object to the eye. Multiple reflection
reflection Dispersion of light .Lens becomes
opaque, light not reaching the eye.
Visually challenged use other senses to make
sense of the world around. Alternative technology available. Role of nutrition in relation to
blindness

To understand the law of reflection.

To identify the formation of images in plane
mirror.
To differentiate between regular and irregular reflection
To know about multiple images
To identify the phenomenon dispersion of
light.
To learn about the structure of human eye
To understand about persistence of vision
To understand about the power of accommodation.
To learn about take measures to care of eyes

Verify the laws of reflection

Identify the nature and size of the image
formed by the plane mirror.
Apply multiple image formation in daily
life
Understand the functioning of human eye.
Acquire awareness about the caring of
eyes

NIGHT SKY
Idea about heavenly bodies/celestial objects
and their classification moon, planets, stars,
constellations. Motion of celestial objects in
space; the solar system

To learn and classify the celestial objects

moon, planets, stars.
To understand about the solar system.
To understand about constellations.
To identify the other members of the solar
system.
To aware about the artificial satellites and
their uses.

Acquire a basic idea about the celestial

objects
Get aware about constellations
Understands the uses of artificial satellites

POLLUTION OF AIR AND WATER

Water and air are increasingly getting
polluted and therefore become scarce for use.
Biological and chemical contamination of
water; effect of impure water on soil and living
beings; effect of soil containing excess of
fertilisers and insecticides on water resources.
Potable water

To identify the air pollution and water pollution.

To aware about harmful effects of these pollution.
To understand about the cause and effect of
the excess use of fertilizers and insecticides on
water resources.
To enumerate the methods of water purification at home level.

Explore the various ways by which air

and water get polluted,
Understand the phenomenon of greenhouse effect.
Understand the different methods of water
purification.

Science