CHAPTER 1 RESPIRATION

SUBJECTIVE QUESTIONS
1.1 Human Breathing Mechanism
1

Label the human respiratory systems structure using the

words given.
Diaphragm
Lung

Nasal cavity
Bronchioles

Bronchus
Trachea

Alveolus
Blood capillaries

(a)
(h)

(b)
(c)
(d)

(g)

(e)

(f)

1.2 Transport of Oxygen in the Human Body

2

Fill in the blanks correctly.

(a) The exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide occurs in
the ____________ by diffusion.
(b) _____________ is a complex molecule consisting of
iron and protein that gives blood its red colour.
(c) Oxygen combines with haemoglobin in red blood cells
to form ______________ .
(d) Haemoglobin picks up carbon dioxide from the bodies
cells to transports them back to the __________ where

(e)

the carbon dioxide is exhaled.

The oxygen dissolves in the moist lining of the alveolus
and then _________ into the blood capillaries.

1.3 The Importance of a Healthy Respiratory System

3

Match the types of disease to the human respiratory system

with its symptoms.

Types of disease
(a) Pneumonia
(b) Influenza
(c) Emphysema
(d) Bronchitis
(e) Lung cancer

Symptoms
Fever, chest pain, cough that brings up
mucus
Chest pain, high fever, cough
Difficulty in breathing
Persistent cough, weight loss, coughing
up blood, chest pain
Chill, fever, headache, aches

OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS
1.1 Human Breathing Mechanism
1

Diagram 1 shows a part of the human respiratory system.

Diagram 1

Which of the following is not true?

A
It has a thin wall
B
It has a moist surface

C
D
2

It is surrounded by capillary
It reduces the surface area for oxygen diffusion

The information shows the characteristics of structure X for

the human respiratory system.
Small branches inside the lungs
At the end of these tubes are the alveoli
What is structure X?
A Bronchus
B Bronchioles

C
D

Diaphragm
Intercostal muscles

1.2 Transport of Oxygen in the Human Body

3

Diagram 2 show the process of gas exchange in the lungs.

L
Diagram 2

What are K and L?

K
A
B
C
D

Oxygen
Carbon dioxide
Nitrogen
Nitrogen

L
Carbon dioxide
Oxygen
Oxygen
Carbon dioxide

1.3 The Importance of a Healthy Respiratory System

4

Which of the following is not caused by smoking?

A
Bronchitis
C Sore throat
B
Hepatitis B
D Lung cancer

Diagram 3 shows an experiment that displays the effects of

smoking on the lungs.
Thermometer
Pump
Glowing
cigarette
Moist
cotton

Bicarbonate
indicator
Diagram 3

What can be observed during the experiment?

I
The temperature of the thermometer increases
II
The bicarbonate indicator is turned into yellow
III White cotton is turned into brownish with black spots
A
I and II only
C II and III only
B
I and III only
D I, II and III
REVISION
1

Which of the following comparison between inhaling and

exhaling are correct?

Inhaling
Exhaling
I Thoracic cavity becomes
Thoracic cavity becomes smaller
bigger
II Air is forced into the lungs Air is forced out of the lungs
III Air pressure inside the lungs Air pressure inside the lungs is

is lowered
A
B

I and II only
I and III only

increased
C II and III only
D I, II and III

When the muscles of the diaphragm contract,

A
the ribs are raised
B
the ribs are expanded
C
air is pushed out of the ribs
D
the diaphragm becomes flat

During the respiration process, food is oxidised by oxygen to

produce carbon dioxide, water and energy. Energy is used to
A
do work
B
warm the body
C
breathe and move
D
do work and warm the body

Which of the following shows the path taken by air as it

flows into the lungs?
A Trachea
Bronchus
Bronchiole
Alveolus
B Alveolus
Trachea
Bronchus
Bronchiole
C Bronchus
Bronchiole
Alveolus
Trachea
D Bronchiole
Alveolus
Trachea
Bronchus

Diagram 1 shows an experiment that displays the effect of

smoking on human lungs.

Thermometer
Pump
Glowing
cigarette
Moist
cotton

Bicarbonate
indicator
Diagram 1

Which of the following is not true?

A
Cigarette smoke is acidic
B
The moist cotton turns brown
C
The temperature remains unchanged
D
The indicator solution changes from red to yellow
6

Diagram 2 shows a part of the human respiratory system.

Diagram 2

Which of the following is not a characteristic of this part?

A
Thin walls
B
Low moisture
C
Big surface area
D
Large network capillaries
7

Diagram 3 shows a blood capillary carrying blood to the body

cells.

Q
Blood capillary
P

Body cell

Diagram 3

(a) Name the label of P and Q.

P : _________________ Q : _________________
(b)

What is a product formed when oxygen combines with

haemoglobin in red blood cells?
___________________________________________

(c)

State three substances that are found in cigarette smoke.

__________________________________________
__________________________________________
__________________________________________