PARALLEL STRUCTURE

1. Introducting : Vitamin C
In the past people suffered from a disease called
scurvy. Their gums bled, their skin became rough, their
wounds did not heal, and their muscles wasted away. The
cause of these symptoms was a lack of vitamin C, people
ate preserved meats and foods and could not get fresh
vegetables and fruits.
The best sources of vitamin C are oranges, lemons,
grapefruits,
cantaloupes,
strawberries,
and
fresh
vegetable. These fruits must be fresh because vitamin C is
destroyed by heat, storage, or exposure to air.
Although today more people take vitamin C pills than
any other supplement, some people still have scurvy,
including some of the elderly, alcoholics, and the
chronically ill.
Research shows that vitamin C reduces the severity of
colds and can help prevent cancer. There is also evidence
that vitamin C prevent gum disease, and helps protect us
from pollutant such as cigarette smoke. Some recent
research also shows that vitamin C has a positive effect on
some mental disorders and increases life span.

2. Grammar : Parallel Structure

Many sentences present information in a series of list. The
series may have two, three, or more parts that all have

the same grammatical structure. This is known as Parallel

Structure.

STRATEGY
Make sure that words in a sequence have the same form.
These may be nouns, adjectives, verbs, adverbs,
pharases, and so on.
a. Series
Pharases

Containing

Nouns
storage, or

Nouns,

Adjectives,

Adverbs

or

1. Vitamin C is destroyed by heat,

exposure to
air.

2. We have a new tab and gadged.

Adjectives : 1. The criticism that taking vitamin C
supplement is a
waste of money is
considered to be inaccurate and
unwarranted by some.
Verbs
:
1. There is evidence that vitamin C
prevents heart
disease, speeds
wound healing and helps gum
disease.
Adverbs : 1. Vitamin supplements can be prepared
naturally and
synthetically.
kindly to our

2. We have to speak either politely or

parent.

b. Gerunds or infinitive
Infinitive : 1. When people get scurvy their cells tend
to
disintegrate and to fall
apart.

with our

2. At home, we like to watch and to read

family.

Gerunds : 1. Claims for vitamin C such as reducing

stress and
improving athletic
performance have not been
scientifically demonstrated.

c. Correlative Conjunction
1. both and

3. neither nor

2. either or

4. not only but also

Both fruits and vegetables are rich sources of

vitamin C.
Since vitamin A is not created in the body, it must be
supplied by either food or supplements.

Exercise
The following sentences contain a series. Underline the
parallel structure, then say what type of series the
sentence contains by using the following abbreviations :
nouns (N), verbs (V), adjectives (ADJ), adverbs (ADV).
1. Vitamin E protect against heart disease, prevents
cancer, and fight
skin problems. (V)
2. The mineral fluoride is found naturally in soils, water,
plants, and animal tissue. (N)
3. The tomato plant needs a long growing season and
light, rich, well-drained soil. (ADJ)
4. Vitamin E is being employed slowly but steadily in
medicine in an expanding range of ailment. (ADV)

5. Studies have shown that vitamin C can reduce the

severity and length of colds, but not the number of colds a
person gets. (N)

PARALLEL STRUCTURE
MAKALAH
ENGLISH

KELOMPOK 1
1. ASRIL ANHARI (2014140568)
2. DEDY SETIAWAN (2014140172)
3. FAJAR ANDRIANTO (2014140148)
4. PIRMANSYAH (2014140089)

5. RIYATNO (2014140081)

TEKNIK INFORMATIKA
UNIVERSITAS PAMULANG