Scrap book science

THE IMPORTANCE OF HEALTHY

RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

NAME : NUR AINA BATRISYA BINTI

OTHMAN
CLASS : 3 NILAM
TEACHERS NAME : MR. PUVEN

Introduction
The respiratory system is
essential for our survival. Thus,
it is important to have a healthy
respiratory system. To keep our
respiratory system healthy, we
must make sure that the air we
breathe in is clean and free of
harmful substances.

Substances Harmful to the

Respiratory System
The quality of the air can have
significant effects on our
respiratory system.

As air moves into our lung,

harmful substances in the air
may enter too. These harmful
substances can cause disease or
even death.
Air pollutants include smoke of
cigarettes, gases from the
industries, exhaust of engines
and haze.

Harmful Substances In Air

Pollutants
Air pollutant
Cigarette Smoke
Gases from
Factories
Exhaust Fumes
Haze

Harmful
substances
Nicotine, Tar
Sulphur Dioxide,
Nitrogen Dioxide
Carbon Monoxide
Smoke, Dust

Cigarette Smoke
from Factories
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Gases

Exhaust Fumes

Haze

The Effects of Harmful

Substances on the
Respiratory System
Nicotine
a.
A drug that
causes addiction to cigarette
smoking.
b. Cause rapid heartbeat,
increased blood pressure and
rapid breathing.
c. The disease related.
Tar
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a. Contains carcinogens(substances
that cause cancer).
b. Irritates the respiratory tracts,
causing smokers cough.

Sulphur dioxide
a.
Exposure to
sulphur dioxide can cause the
irritation of the respiratory
system.
b.
Can cause
temporary or permanent damage
to the lungs.
Carbon monoxide
a.
Combines
with haemoglobin in the blood
faster than oxygen can, hence it is
poisonous gas which causes
suffocation.
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~ Low concentration of carbon

monoxide can cause dizziness,
headache and fatigue where as
high concentrations can fatal.
~ Particular matter(fine particles in
the air)
a. Continuous exposure to
particulate matter causes
coughing, nasal congestion,
watery nose, constant sneezing
and chest pain.
b. Those who are very likely to be
affected by haze are children, the
elderly and people with illnesses
like asthma, bronchitis and
pneumonia.

Diseases of the Respiratory

System

Asthma
Caused by the narrowing of the
fine airways (bronchi and
bronchioles) due to the
contraction of muscles in their
walls. This is perhaps because of
sensitivity to air pollutants
including smoke.
A patient will find it different to
breathe, wheezing and feeling
tightness in the chest.

Heart disease
Nicotine raises the blood pressure
and increase the level of bad
cholesterol in the blood.
This make a smoker more likely to
suffer from a stroke or a heart
attack.

Bronchitis
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 Chronic bronchitis can be defined

as a condition characterized by
recurrent or chronic cough every
day over a period of several
months.
Caused by the inflammation of
the lining of bronchioles. This may
be due to infection by bacteria or
viruses, or chemicals such as
those found in tobacco smoke.
Smokers cough is an early sign of
chronic bronchitis.
In severe cases, the patient may
turn blue which is specially
noticeable at the lips and fingers
due to poor oxygenation of blood.

Lung cancer
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 Caused by a change in the cells

inside the lungs such that they
divide out of control and produce
lumps of cells (tumours) which
interfere with the normal
functions of the lungs.
May not have any symptoms.
When it is detected, the cancer
cells may have spread from the
lungs to other organs.

Emphysema

Is a condition in which the

structure of the alveoli is broken
down by coughing. This reduces
the surface area for gas
exchange.
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Ways to Improve Quality

of Air
Improving indoor air quality
Avoid smoking indoors
Make sure there is a steady supply of
fresh air.
Minimize air conditioning use.
Keep carpets and floor dust free.
Maintain a low humidity to prevent
mould growth.
Improving outdoor air quality
Avoid open burning of leaves and
trash.
Do not allow cars or other motor
vehicles idle for more than a minute.
Walk, ride a bicycle, car pool or use
public transportation.
Keep the motor vehicle well
maintained and use a fuel- efficient
vehicle.
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Reduce, reuse and recycle waste

materials.
Implement laws and regulations to
control air pollution.

The Practices of Maintaining

Clean Air
Do not smoke.
Do not carry out open
burning.
Save energy such as gas and
electricity.
Walk or cycle instead of
travelling by car.
Go to work in a car pool
Use public transport such as
buses and LRT.
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 Keep your home wellventilated.

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