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Title Author

Social support
contributes to
resilience among
physiotherapy
students:
a cross sectional
survey and focus
group study
(va Br, Ilona
Veres-Balajti,
Karolina Ksa)

Sample
Study
And
Objectives Sampling
Design
to
130
investigati physiothera
ng mental
py students
resilience
at years 1,
and its
2, and 3.
determinan
ts
among
undergradu
ate
physiother
apy
students
using
quantitativ
e and
qualitative
tools

Instrumen

Kind of Social
Supports

Finding/ Results

Conclusions

A
questionnair
e-based
crosssectional
survey
supplemente
d by 2 focus
groups

Social
supportfromfamilyan
dpeers.
Three quantitative
indicators
of psychological
resilience were
composed of three
dimensions thatreect
general resistance
resources.Higher
scores, in strong
association with
measures ofhealth.
Another aspect of
psychological
resilience is
social
support assessed by
the resources that are
embedded
withinan individuals
social networkand is
conceptualized

Resilience was lower [mean difference 4.8

(95% CI -3.4; 13.1)], and the occurrence
of psychological morbidity (32.5% vs.
0%)washigher among female compared to
malestudents. However, the proportion of
students fully supported by their peers was
higher among
females
(63% vs. 37.5%). Female students, unlike
their male counterparts, experienced
higher stress compared to their peers in the
general
population.Socialsupportdeclined as
students progressed in their studies though
this proved to be the most important
protective factor for
theirmentalwell-being

Resultswerefe
dbackto the
course
organizers
recommending
the
implementatio
n of an
evidencebased method
to improve
socialsupporta
sdelineated by
the Guide to
Community
Preventive
Services of the
US the
outcomes of
which are to
be seen in the
future

Relationships
between
perceived social

The
purpose of
this study

This was a
crosssectional

Perceived
social
support was

as information
leading people to
believe that
theyare cared for and
loved, esteemed and
valued, and
membersof a network
of communication
and mutual
obligations. A third
indicator was support
perceived to
beobtained from
peers at the
university. Based on
the
resultsof the
quantitative part of
the study, focus
groups
wereorganized to
uncover determining
factors of stress and
resiliencein depth in
order to make
suggestions for
improvement.
Support from family, A total of 1212 patients completed the
friends,
cross-sectional survey; 809 (66.7%) had
and signicant others. good perceived

Retention,
thus, had no
signicant

support and
retention patients
receiving
methadone
maintenance
treatment in
China mainland
(Kai Na Zhou, et
al)

was to
explore the
relationshi
ps between
perceived
social
support
and
retention in
Chinese
mainland
patients
receiving
methadone
maintenanc
e treatment
(MMT).

two-year
follow-up
study. The
data
collected
included
patients'
baseline
characterist
ics,
perceived
social
support and
retention in
MMT.

evaluated
using the
MSPSS,
which
is a 12-item
self-report
questionnair
e designed
to measure
the
perception
of an
individual's
level of
support
from family,
friends,
and
signicant
others.
Each item is
rated on a
seven-point
Likert
scale
ranging
from 1 (very
strongly
disagree) to
7 (very

Perceived social
support has been
conceptualized as a
function
of beliefs about one's
self-worth and the
availability and
responsiveness of
others.Previous
studies have shown
family
support, family
relationships,
families' supportive
attitudes toward
MMT, and living on
support from family
or friends to all be
signicant
predictors of
retention in MMT.
However, few studies
have explored the
inuence of
perceived social
support on retention
in MMT patients.
Long-term MMT has
shown a satisfactory
effect on improving

social support and 458 (37.8%) had

experienced readmissions. With and
without controlling for baseline
characteristics, past retention had no
signicant inuence on perceived social
support. By the end of the
follow-up, 527 (43.5%) patients had
terminated MMT. The patients without
good perceived social support
were more likely to terminate treatment
than those with good perceived social
support [hazard ratio:
1.31, 95% condence interval: 1.10, 1.57;
1.25 (1.04, 1.51)] regardless of their
baseline characteristics and
past retention.

inuence on
perceived
social support
in MMT,
whereas
good
perceived
social support
was a strong
protective
predictor of
retention.

strongly
agree). The
total score is
calculated
by summing
the results
of all the
items,
whereas the
individual
subscales
are
calculated
by summing
the
responses of
the items in
each of the
three
dimensions.
The
possible
scores range
from 4 to 28
for each
subscale
and 12e84
for all
items, with
a total score

the proportion of
patients with a good
patientfamily
relationship
; whether MMT
retention also
positively inuences
perceived social
support is still
unclear

over 50
representing
good
perceived
social
support.
The original
MSPSS has
shown good
internal
reliability
across
subject
groups; the
three-factor
model (i.e.,
family,
friends, and
signicant
others) has
been
strongly
supported
by
factorial
validity,
particularly
the family
and
signicant

others
dimensions.
Huang et al
translated
the MSPSS
into Chinese
and
validated
the
instrument
in cancer
patients,
indicating
sound
psychometri
c
properties.
In this
study, the
Cronbach's
a of the
overall
MSPSS was
0.92, with
subscale
coefcients
of 0.88,
0.89, and
0.84
for family,

friends, and
signicant
others,
respectively

The inuence of
social
supportonpatient
s
quality
oflifeafteraninten
sivecareunit
discharge:A
crosssectionalsurvey
(Bram Tilburgs,
et all)

To
determine
the
inuence
of
instrument
al,
emotional
and
informativ
e support
on
the quality
of life of
former
intensive
care unit
(ICU)
patients
and to
establish
their
preferred
sources

A crosssectional
survey has
been
carried out
among
former
ICU
patients
from the
university
hospital
Radboud
umc in
Nijmegen,
the
Netherland
s. 88 out of
the 300
invited
former ICU
patients
participate
d

Two
questionnair
es were
used to
measure
social
support and
QOL,respec
tively. The
rst is the
social
support
interactions
and
discrepancie
s list (SSLI/D). This
Dutch
questionnair
e,
with
demonstrate
d validity
and

Informative support,
emotional
support and
instrumental support.
Informative support
means that the social
environment
gives the patient
advice and
information. For
instance
recommending to the
former ICU patient
what to do to feel less
stressed. One of the
questions being asked
is:
does someone give
you constructive
feedback? Emotional
support stands for
assistance in
controlling the
unwanted

Instrumental and emotional support show

a buffering effect on the physical
dimension of the quality of life. The
discrepancies between the expected and
the received instrumental,
informative and emotional support have a
negative inuence on psychological
quality of life.
Former ICU patients prefer receiving
social support from family members rather
than friends, professional caregivers
orfellow former ICU patients

This study
emphasises the
buffering
effect of social
support on
diminished
quality
of life in
former
intensive care
patients. It is
suggested that
hospitals
provide an
intensive care
after-care
programme
including both
patients and
relatives to
help fullling
this need for
social
support.

of social
support.

in thestudy.
300
patients
who were
admitted
between
January
2010 and
December
2012 were
selected
from the
ICU
admission
database.
This time
frame was
necessary
to be able
to recruit
enough
patients.
Inclusion
criteria
were age
(at least 18
years) and
length of
stay (at
least three

reliability
contains 68
items.
The rst 34
items,
which
measure the
experienced
social
support,
contain six
subscales
which
together
form a
total score
of the
received
social
support.
Three of
these
subscales
are used,
namely
informative
support,
emotional
support and
instrumental

feelings caused by
a stressful situation.
For example, when
the former ICU
patient receives
comfort from a friend
when
feeling sad.
Instrumental support
stands for the
assistance of
someone to
alter a situation to
make it less
demanding. This
means that the social
environment
helps out with
activities like
washing and cooking.

Adequacy of
social support
and satisfaction
with life during
childbirth

The aim of
the paper
was to
determine
whether
there exists
a
difference
between
social
support
received
by women
and social
support
provided
by partners
during the
3rd

days).

support, all
using a
four-point
Likert-scale
ranging
from 1
(seldom or
never) to 4
(very
often).

The
statistical
analysis
included
199 women
in the 3rd
trimester of
pregnancy
and 186 of
their
partners/hu
sbands.
The
subsequent
measureme
nt in the
postpartum
period
involved

In
accordance
with the
research
tool used in
this study, a
division has
been
adopted into
three
types of
social
support:
emotional,
instrumental
and
informative. The
variable

In this study, women

received high levels
of social support in
the 3rd trimester of
pregnancy and in the
postpartum period.
Accuracy of support
was evaluated by
comparing mean
values for individual
types of social
support received by
women and social
support provided by
their partners. The
analysis performed in
this study indicates
no discrepancies with
regard to emotional

No major discrepancies were observed

with regard to informative and emotional
social support received by women and
provided by their partners during 3rd
trimester of pregnancy and the postpartum
periode. Instrumental support received by
women in the 3rd trimester of pregnancy
and in the postpartum period differs
considerably from instrumental support
provided by partners. Social support
obtained by women correlats with their
life satisfaction.

Good relations
with the
partner seem
to act like a
buffer
against the
negative
influence of
stress-causing
factors and
may to some
extent prevent
women from
descreasing
their life
satisfaction
after
childbirth.

trimester
of
pregnancy
and the
postpartum
period, as
well as to
discover
whether
there exists
a
relationshi
p between
social
support
obtained
by women
and their
life
satisfaction
.

individuals
who took
part in the
first phase:
182 women
and 177
partners/hu
sbands.

index has
been
assumed as
the result of
the
survey on
received
social
support,
obtained by
means of
the
Berlin
social
support
scales
(BSSS),
developed
by
uszczysk
a,
Kowalska,
Mazurkiewi
cz,
Schwarzer,
Schulz.10
The BSSS
constitute a
collection of
tools

and informative
support received by
women and provided
by men, both before
and after childbirth.
On these grounds, it
is viable to say that in
this study there exists
a parallel between
provided and
received support of
emotional and
informative nature.
However,
discrepancies were
found with regard to
received and
provided instrumental
support, both in the
3rd trimester of
pregnancy and in the
postpartum period. It
has to be noted that
women subjectively
assessed that they
obtained a higher
amount of
instrumental support
than was actually
provided to them

Social support
received by
women with
intellectual and
developmental
disabilities

this study
aims to
contribute
to the
developme
nt of a

the sample
included
fouradultw
omenwithI
DDwhohad
givenbirthi

devised for
the purposes
of
measuring
the
cognitive
and
behavioural
levels of
social
support. The
Polish
version of
BSSS can
be found on
the
following
website:
www.userpa
ge.fuberlin.de/he
alth/
soc_pol.htm
.
data were
collected
using semistructured
interviews

The size of women's

social support
networks during
pregnancy ranged
from 7 to 19
individuals. Formal

the
structureofsocialsupportreceivedbywomen
withIDDconsistedofbothformalandinformal
sources,butfewornofriendships.Womenwit
hIDDreportedhighlevelsofinformationalan

Interviewing
mothers with
IDD allowed
us to propose a
pre- liminary
conceptual

during
pregnancy and
childbirth : an
exploratory
qualitative study

conceptual nthelast
framework five years.
that will
inform
maternity
care
improveme
nts for
expectant
mothers
with
intellectual
and
developme
ntal
disabilities
(IDD) by
exploring
the
structure,
functions,
and
perceived
quality of
social
support
received
by women
with IDD
during

support was provided

by paid professionals
(i.e., doctors, nurses,
caseworkers).
Informal support was
provided mostly by
family members (i.e.,
parents, siblings,
children, extended
family) and by the
partner and his
family. Very little
informal support was
provided by
individuals outside
the family. All
women reported
having few or no
friend- ships;
individuals referred
to as friends were
women who were
pregnant or had
children.

d instrumental
supportandlowlevelsofemotionalsupportan
dsocialcompanionship.However,ahigh
level
ofavailablesupportwasnotalwaysperceived
asbeneficial.
Emergentcorecategoriessuggestthat social
supportisperceivedasmosteffectivewhenthr
eeconditionsaremet:(1)supportisaccessible,
(2)
supportisprovidedbyindividualsexpressing
positiveattitudestowardsthepregnancy,and(
3)au- tonomyisvalued.

framework of
effective social
support during
pregnancy and
childbirth as
perceived by
women with
IDD. Although
increasing
support
availability for
women with
IDD during
pregnancy and
childbirth
should be a
social and
clinical
priority, our
results suggest
that social
support is
perceived as
most effective when it
is perceived as
accessible, it is
received from
in- dividuals

pregnancy
and
childbirth.

expressing
positive
attitudes, and
autonomy is
valued