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Introduction
Oils and fats are essential nutrients in both human and animal diets. The principle
source of oils and fats are meats, poultry, fish, dairy products, fruits and nuts.
Major components of oils and fats are triglycerides i.e. esters of glycerine and
fatty acids (Fig 1). The properties of different triglycerides (oils and fats) are
dictated by the chain length of the fatty acid (mostly C4 - C24) and as well as the
presence of number of double bonds per molecule.
H
1 2 3 4
5
6
7 8
9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
|
H-C-O-OC-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2- CH2-CH2-CH2- CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH3
|
H-C-O-OC-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH = CH-CH2-CH2- CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH3
|
H-C-O-OC-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH = CH-CH2-CH = CH-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH3
|
H
Fig. 1 :
Mainly, fatty acids are obtained from hydrolysis of triglyceride (oil) and glycerine is
generated as byproduct. Distillation of free fatty acid from crude oil also generates
fatty acids, which are tough to hydrogenate. Unsaturated fatty acids are
hydrogenated and used as raw material to manufacture large number of oleo
chemicals.
H
|
H-C-OH
|
H-C-OH
|
H-C-OH
|
H
1 2
10
11 12
13
14 15 16
17
18
HO-OC-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH3 Stearic
HO-OC-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH = CH-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH3 Oleic
HO-OC-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH=CH-CH2-CH=CH-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH3 Linoleic
Glycerine
Fig. 2 :
Monarch Catalyst Pvt. Ltd. has developed indigenous technology for the
production of dry reduced nickel catalyst for hydrogenation of edible oils and fatty
acids. Now, it is a market leader in manufacture of different grades of such
specialty nickel catalysts in India. Nickel catalysts available in international
market were frequently collected and their performance was compared with
Monarch catalysts in the laboratory on different oils and fatty acids. Though the
hydrogenation conditions viz., reactor size, stirring efficiency, temperature and
pressure varies from plant to plant, the catalyst consumption and reaction
selectivity follow the trend observed in the laboratory test methods.
MONCAT 1991 is selective catalysts for hydrogenation of PFAD with initial I.V. of
55 57 to a desired lower iodine value of 5 -6.
I.V.
PFAD
16
14
Intl Ref-2
12
10
8
Intl Ref-1
6
4
1.4
Fig. 3 :
MONCAT 1991
1.8
2.2
Cat (kg/T)
2.6
During fatty acid hydrogenation, a side reaction between nickel / nickel oxide and
carboxylic group of fatty acid results in formation of undesired nickel soap. Loss
in nickel as nickel soap could be minimized by carrying out hydrogenation reaction
at higher hydrogen pressure.
I.V.
CPSFA
7
6
Intl Ref-2
5
4
MONCAT 1991
3
2
1
0
0.5
Fig. 4 :
Intl Ref-1
1.0
Cat (Kg/T)
1.5
2.0
During hydrogenation of softer substrate (RBDPSFA), iodine value less than 1.0 is
achieved at catalyst dosage of 1.0 kg/MT itself. Therefore, it is important to refine
palm stearine effectively before splitting it into palm stearine fatty acid to lower the
catalyst requirement for hydrogenation.
carried out to get lower iodine values (3 - 5) using MONCAT 1991. Distillation of
hydrogenated product (stearic acid) results in further lowering of I.V. to 1 2.
I.V.
RBFA
25
20
Intl Ref-2
15 MONCAT
1991
10
Intl Ref-1
5
0.6
Fig. 5 :
0.8
Cat (kg/T)
1.2
1.4
MONCAT catalysts gives quite comparable results when tested under identical
conditions (i.e. using same filtration equipment & other parameters).
Filtration Time (min)
30
25
MON C AT
20
Std C at
15
10
5
0
0
40
80
Oil Filtered
(ml)
5
120
160
MONCAT catalysts are manufactured in pastil form. The pastils are nothing but
small droplets made up of dispersion of active metal species in hydrogenated
vegetable oil (solid at room temperature). Catalyst pastils are not only easy to
handle but also give no dusting while transferring or charging the catalyst. Also,
coating of metal with vegetable fat renders active nickel metal less prone to
exposure to air and thereby minimizes loss in activity during storage.
Packaging:
Catalyst pastils are packed in standard metal and HDPE bags / drums. Also, they
are packed in customer specific packaging materials (Small bags, Jumbo bags &
Paper bags) to match the handling facility / practices at the customer end.
Shelf Life:
Catalyst stored in closed container retains performance for minimum one
year.
Store catalyst in cool and dry place.
Refer our MSDS for safety instructions.
Catalyst is Kosher Certified
Europe:
H B International SAS
26 bis rue de l'Ermitage - BP 31,
95160 Montmorency, France.
Contact Person: Mr Valery Desroches
Ph: +33 1 3934 6614
Fax: +33 1 3412 4960
E-mail: valery.desroches@hbint.com
North America:
Mega Sourcing Inc
IL USA & KL Malaysia
Contact Person: Mr Dale Moline
Ph: +60 12 326 7763
E-mail: dmoline@pd.jaring.my