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The views expressed in this presentation are the views of the author and do not
necessarily reflect the views or policies of the Asian Development Bank Institute
(ADBI), the Asian Development Bank (ADB), its Board of Directors, or the
governments they represent. ADBI does not guarantee the accuracy of the data
included in this paper and accepts no responsibility for any consequences of their
use. Terminology used may not necessarily be consistent with ADB official terms.

CLUSTER-BASED LOCAL
ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
TRENDS AND PRACTICE
Tatiana Gallego-Lizon, Asian Development Bank

An introduction to.
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City competitiveness and cluster-based


economic development: background
and theory
Analysis and experience in
agglomerated Asian cities (+other)
Promoting, planning and
operationalizing inclusive competitive
growth in urban regions: how is ADBassisting partner countries?

India
Sri Lanka

Collaborative governance for enhanced


competitiveness

Urbanization and City competitiveness


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Globalizing economies, structural transformation


Cities as engines of growth accelerated
urbanization process
Development in Trade corridors
Issues:
Sprawl
Environmental degradation, etc

Loss of competitiveness

What is CCED?
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Approach to urban development which


aims to foster a more demand-driven,
endogenous growth model approach to
support local economic development in
cities
Convergence or alignment of supply and
demand-driven factors
Fostering economic/industry clusters and
business partnerships
Spatial agglomeration and specialization
of local firms

Conceptual Approach and Goals


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Enhancing the competitiveness of cities (government as facilitator)

Enhancing the competitiveness of industry clusters (private sector-driven)

Triggering local economic development through public and private sector


collaboration

Increasing income and job opportunities, thus reducing poverty

CCED Analysis The Framework


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Review National Economic and Urban


Development Strategy

Reviewing National Economic and


Urban Development Strategies
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Quality of Life

Strategic
Infrastructure

Human
Capital

Endowed
Resources

Enabling Environment

Business
Dynamics

CCED Analysis The Framework


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Review National Economic and Urban


Development Strategy
Assess Cities Competitiveness

Analyzing Drivers of City Competitiveness


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Drivers of City Competitiveness (PHI)


Cost of
Doing
Business

Dynamics
of the local
economy

Human
resources
and
endowed
resources

Infrastructure

Responsive
LGUs to
business
needs

Quality of
Life

Urban Competitiveness Index (Global)


Economic
Scale

Economic
Growth

Economic
Aggregation

Employment

Production
efficiency

Technological
innovation

Decisionmaking
ability

CCED Analysis The Framework


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Review National Economic and Urban


Development Strategy
Assess Cities Competitiveness
Assess Competitiveness of multi Sector
Industries in Targeted City

Understanding the Industry Structure


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Location Quotient and Shift-Share Change in the Economy

Multi-Sector Industry Analysis

CCED Analysis The Framework


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Review National Economic and Urban


Development Strategy
Assess Cities Competitiveness
Assess Competitiveness of multi Sector
Industries in Targeted City
Analyse Cluster Structures and GIS
Mapping of Industry Clusters

Structural and Geographic Mapping


13
Annex 30

Gampaha

Kiribathgoda

Colombo
Colombo
Kaduwela/ Malabe

CCED Analysis The Framework


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Review National Economic and Urban


Development Strategy
Assess Cities Competitiveness
Assess Competitiveness of multi Sector
Industries in Targeted City
Analyse Cluster Structures and GIS
Mapping of Industry Clusters
Evaluate Industry Cluster Competitiveness
and Deficiency Gaps

Evaluating Gaps in Competitiveness


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CCED Analysis The Framework


16

Review National Economic and Urban


Development Strategy
Assess Cities Competitiveness
Assess Competitiveness of multi Sector
Industries in Targeted City
Analyse Cluster Structures and GIS
Mapping of Industry Clusters
Evaluate Industry Cluster Competitiveness
and Deficiency Gaps
Prepare a Business Plan, Action Plan to
Prefeasibility studies of key Projects
Develop Integrated Project Concept
Design preparation and funding

CCDE Tools and Toolkits


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Local Economic
Development

CCED and City


Competitiveness

Value of CCED
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Measuring and comparing attributes of


competitiveness for cities across countries
Identifying, mapping and analyzing
sectoral and spatial changes in industry
and economic activities at city and sub
city level
strengths and gaps of key factors
responsible for driving the future
development of city economies

Identifying the nature, strength and


weakness of selected industry cluster
supply chains to identify critical elements
of strategic infrastructure needed to
enhance industry competitiveness

CCDE Study in South Asia


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Study coverage
Bangladesh,

India and

Sri Lanka
Focal cities: Dhaka,
Delhi and Colombo
Focus industries: leather,
textile and readymade garment,
automobile apparel,
rubber

CCDE Study in South Asia


Some Key Findings
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1.

City Competitiveness Aggregates at National Level

CCDE Study in South Asia


Some Key Findings
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2.

City Competitiveness

CCDE Study in South Asia


Some Key Findings
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3.

City Competitiveness Aggregates at Regional Level

CCDE Study in South Asia


Some Key Findings
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4.

Industry Cluster Competitiveness Rubber Industry CMR

CCDE Study in South Asia


Key Observations
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Strong disconnect between national economic


policy and urban development policy
Policy and industry support programs must
switch emphasis from supply- to demand-drive
Structural weaknesses in urban economies:
support for industry & governance; supply
chain logistics; business-specific skills dev.
Few cities in Asia have data required to
monitor economic performance and evaluate
the development impact
Governments and businesses must learn to
engage collaboratively in responding to shocks
and opportunities

Operationalizing CCED in Sri Lanka:


CMRs Rubber Cluster
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Establishment of the
Rubber Secretariat
Development of Rubber
Master Plan
Identified physical
investments (water
supply/treatment) to be
implemented by private
sector

Operationalizing CCED in India:


Bangalore City Cluster Development
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Emerging Constraints

Loss of environmental assets


Worsening mobility of people and goods
Disjointed industrial development
Infrastructure deficit
Inadequate Planning
Enabling Environment

Loss of productivity
Loss of competitiveness

Bangalore City Cluster Development:


Context and Potential
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Bagepalli
Gudibanda

Madhugiri
Koratagere

Gauribidanur
Chintamani

Tumkur

sidlaghatta

Srinivaspura

Chikballapur

Gubbi
Mulbagal
Kolar

Kunigal
Bangarpet
Robertsonpet
50 Km

100 Km

Malavalli

Karnataka 2020
Vision industrialization
and urbanization
Planning and
Managing
Bangalores growth
Unleashing BMRs
potential
Managing
resources

Bangalore City Cluster Development:


Focus
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Strengthening local
economic planning and
urban management in
BMR
Improving sustainable
urban economic
infrastructure in BMR
clusters
Improving the business
enabling environment

Operationalizing CCED in Sri Lanka:


Trincomalee Integrated Urban Development
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Low growth rate, low employment


figures and relatively poor
secondary school attainment
Backlog in capital investments
(public and private sectors) in
strategic economic infrastructure
Uncoordinated urban planning
and economic development
BUT natural endowments, land
availability, high National priority
and a development plan.

Trincomalee Integrated Urban Development:


Urban Investment Priorities
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Physical investments to preserve Trincomalee town


and improvement of urban services in the town
SEZ Master Planning and governance arrangements
Capacity development for urban planning

CCED and CGI Study


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Establishing relationship between competitiveness and


key drivers of collaborative governance: (a) Strategic
Planning; (b) Resource Management; and (c)
Institutional and Regulatory Arrangements
Defining Indicators
Rating Sample Cities
Developing Road Maps
Link to ADB Operations

Some Final Thoughts


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Improved competitiveness MUST be environmentally


sustainable and inclusive
Improving competitiveness needs to build on a joint
vision and development involving BOTH public and
private sector
City competitiveness and an improved business
environment are dependent on improved
governance

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