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CITIZENSHIP
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TheCitizenshipismentionedinPartIIoftheIndianConstitution.
TheCitizenshipprovisionsarecoveredunderarticles5to11oftheIndianConstitution.
TheCitizenshipprovides
fullpoliticalmembershipinthestate
permanentallegiancetothestate
AND
Officialrecognitionbythestateofhisintegrationintothepolitical
system.
Thecitizenpledgesloyaltytothestate
Thestateprotectsthecitizens.
TheCitizenshiptoanindividualalsobrings

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Rights
Duties
Privileges
And
Obligations
(Allthesedonotbelongtoaliens)
ThePublic(government)officesareopenonlytothecitizens.
Onlythecitizensareeligiblefortheofficesof
ThePresident(Article58(1)(a))
TheVicePresident(Article66(3)(a))

TheJudgeoftheSupremeCourt(Article124(3))

TheJudgeofaHighCourt(Article217(2))

TheAttorneyGeneral(Article76(2))

TheGovernorofaState(Article157)

TheAdvocateGeneral(Article165)

Therightofsuffrage(vote)fortheelectiontotheHouseofthepeople(Loksabha)andtheLegislativeassembly
ofeverystate(Article326)

RighttobecomeamemberofParliamentArticle(84)

RighttobecomeamemberofastatelegislatureArticle(191(d))

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Thecitizensareeligibleforrecruitmenttoallpublicservices.
Onlythecitizenshavetherighttovote
TheconceptofCitizenshipcameintoexistencesincetheadoptionoftheConstitutionon
November26,1949.
TheConstitutionofIndialaiddownthelawinregardtowhowouldbethecitizensof
IndiaatthetimeofcommencementoftheConstitution.
TheConstitutionofIndiahasnotprovidedforthemodeofacquisitionandtermination
ofcitizenship.
As per Article 11 of the Indian Constitution the parliament could regulate the right of
citizenshipbylaw.
TheParliamentpassedtheCitizenshipAct,1955foracquisitionandterminationofthe
Citizenship.

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WHOARETHECITIZENSOFINDIA?
As per the Article 11 of the Indian citizenship Act, the Parliament has enacted the
CitizenshipAct,1955.
TheCitizenshipAct,1955hasbeenamendedin1986,1992,2003and2005.
TheArticles5to8oftheIndianConstitutionconfersthecitizenshiponthepeopleatthe
timeofthecommencementoftheIndianConstitution.
PersonsdomiciledinIndia
PersonsmigratedfromPakistan
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PersonsmigratedtoPakistanbutlaterreturnedtoIndia
PersonsofIndianoriginresidingoutsideIndia
Article5:ThisprovidesthatapersonbecomesentitledtothecitizenshipofIndiaif,
atthecommencementoftheConstitutionhehashisdomicileintheterritoryofIndia,
Or
heoreitherofhisparentswereborninIndia
Or
He has been ordinarily resident in the territory of India for not less than 5 years
immediatelybeforethecommencementoftheConstitution.

DOMICILE:
The term Domicile is not defined in the Indian
Constitution.
Domicileisapersonsresidencewhereheintendsto
liveonapermanentbasis.

Permanentresidence
And
Intentiontoresideindefinitely
ConstitutestheDomicile.

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Article 6: This provides for citizenship rights of migrants from Pakistan before the
commencementoftheConstitution.

Thisprovides2typesofdistinctions.

ThepeoplemigratingtoIndiabeforeJuly19,1948

And
ThepeoplemigratingtoIndiaafterJuly19,1948

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Note:PermitsystemformigrationwasintroducedonJuly19,1948.
Today'sQuestion ClickHere

ApersonmigratedbeforeJuly19,1948shallbedeemedtobeacitizenofIndiaonthe
commencementoftheConstitutionif.

Theperson

Or

Hisparents(borninIndiaasdefinedbytheGOIAct,1935)

OR

Anyofgrandparents(borninIndiaasdefinedbytheGOIAct,1935)

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And
HasbeenordinarilyresidinginIndiasincethedateofthemigration.

IncaseofmigrationafterJuly19,1948

HeshouldhavebeenregisteredasacitizenofIndiabyanofficerappointedforthe
purposebythegovernmentofIndia.

And

HasbeenresidinginIndiaforatleast6monthsimmediatelyprecedingthedateof
application.
Today'sQuestion ClickHere

Article7:ApersonwhomigratedtoPakistanfromIndiaafterMarch1,1947,butlater
returnedtoIndiaforresettlementcouldbecomeacitizenofIndia.

ForthisthepersonhehadtobetheresidentofIndiafor6monthsprecedingthedateof
hisapplicationforregistration.

Note: the meaning of Migration mentioned in Article 7 is the migration before the
commencementoftheConstitution.

ThepersonmigratingfromPakistantoIndia,afterJanuary26,1950aregovernedbythe
CitizenshipAct,1955.

Article8:ThisArticleprovidesthat
Aperson
Or
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Anyofhisparents
Or
anyofhisgrandparents

borninIndiaasdefinedbytheGovernmentofIndiaAct,1935

butordinarilyresidingoutsideIndiashallbecomeacitizenofIndiaifregisteredasa
citizenofIndiabythediplomaticrepresentativeofIndiainthatcountry.

ThisiswithrespecttobeforeorafterthecommencementoftheConstitutionofIndia.

Article9:Thisprovidesthatifapersonvoluntarilyacquiredthecitizenshipofanother
country,heshallforfeittherightofthecitizenshipofIndia.

TheaboveclauseisapplicabletocasesarisingbeforethecommencementoftheIndian
Constitution.

SuchtypeofcasesarisingafterthecommencementoftheConstitutionshallbedealtby
theCitizenshipAct,1955.

Note:whetherapersonhaslostthecitizenshipofIndiaafteracquiringtheCitizenshipof
theothercountryistobedecidedbythegovernmentofIndia.

Article10:thisprovidesthateverypersonwhoisorisdeemedtobeacitizenofIndia
underanyoftheprovisionsinthearticles5to10shallcontinuetobeacitizenofIndia.

Thisissubjecttotheprovisionsofanylawmadebytheparliament.

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Article11:ThisarticleprovidesfortheParliamenttoenactlegislationspertainingtothe
acquisitionandterminationofthecitizenshipofIndia.

The Parliament passes Citizenship Act, 1955 providing for the acquisition and
terminationofthecitizenship.

Thecitizenshipcanbeacquiredby5ways.

ByBirth
ByDescent
ByRegistration
ByNaturalization
Byincorporatingaterritory

Thecitizenshipcanbeterminatedin3methods.

Renunciation
Termination
Deprivation

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ACQUIRINGTHECITIZENSHIPOFINDIA:

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BYBIRTH:
Thiswasamendedintheyear1986.

ApersonisthecitizenofIndiabybirthif

HeisborninIndiaonorafterJanuary26,1950butbeforeJune30,1987

OR
HeisborninIndiaonorafterJuly1,1987butatthetimeofthebirtheitherofhisparents
wasacitizenofIndia.

Note:ThechildrenofforeigndiplomatspostedinIndiaandenemyalienscannotacquirethe
Indiancitizenshipbybirth.

BYDESCENT:
ApersonbornoutsideIndiawasentitledtoIndiancitizenshipifhisfatherwasanIndia
citizen.

NOTE:NotMother

Thiswasamendedintheyear1992.

ApersonbornoutsideIndiaonorafterJanuary26,1950isacitizenofIndiabydescent
if,atthetimeofhisbirtheitherofhisparentswasanIndiancitizen.

BYREGISTRATION:
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CertaincategoriesofpersonscanberegisteredasIndiancitizens.

Persons of Indian origin who are ordinarily resident in India for 5 years immediately
beforemakinganapplicationforregistration

PersonsofIndianoriginwhoareordinarilyresidentinanycountryorplaceoutsideIndia

PersonswhoaremarriedtocitizensofIndiaandwhoareordinarilyresidentinIndiafor5
yearsimmediatelybeforemakinganapplicationforregistration

MinorchildrenofpersonswhoarecitizensofIndia
And
Personswhoarecitizensofcommonwealthcountries

(Note: The period of acquisition of citizenship by registration was increased from 6

monthstofiveyears).

BYNATURALIZATION:
AforeignercanacquirethecitizenshipofIndiabynaturalizationif

Herenouncesthecitizenshipofothercountry

Heisofgoodcharacter

Hehasanadequateknowledgeofalanguagementionedinthe8thscheduleoftheIndian
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Constitution

HeisnotacitizenofacountrywhereIndiancitizenscannotbecomenaturalizedcitizens

The government can waive all above conditions if a person has rendered distinguished
servicetothescience,art,literature,worldpeaceorhumanprogress.

BYINCORPORATIONOFTERRITORY:
IfanyforeignterritorybecomesapartofIndia,thenthegovernmentspecifiesthrough
notificationthatthepeopleofthatterritoryshallbethecitizensofIndia.

HOWTHECITIZENSHIPISLOST?

BYRENUNCIATION:

ThisisavoluntaryactbywhichapersonholdingthecitizenshipofIndiaaswellasthat
ofanothercountrymaygiveuponeofthem.

WhenapersonrenouncesthecitizenshipeveryminorchildofhisceasestobeanIndian
citizen

But, the child within one year after attaining 18 years of age may resume Indian
citizenship.

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BYTERMINATION:
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WhenanIndiancitizenacquiresthecitizenshipofothercountryvoluntarily,theIndian
citizenshipisautomaticallyterminated.

BYDEPRIVATION:

ThisisacompulsoryterminationoftheIndiancitizenshipbythecentralgovernmentif

Thecitizenhasobtainedthecitizenshipbyfraud
Or
ThecitizenhasshownthedisloyaltytotheconstitutionofIndia
Or
Thecitizenhasunlawfullytradedorcommunicatedwiththeenemyduringawar
Or
Thecitizenhas,within5yearsofregistrationornaturalizationbeenimprisonedinany
countryfor2years
Or
ThecitizenhasbeenordinarilyresidentoutofIndiafor7yearscontinuously.

NOTE: This is not applicable to students and employees who are serving in the
international organizations. If a person registers annually at the Indian consulate his
intentiontoretaintheIndiancitizenship.

MISCELLANEOUS:
TheConstitutionavoidedthedualcitizenship.

ThereisonlyoncecitizenshiprelatedtothedomicileintheterritoryofwholeIndiaand
notinapartofthecountry.
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Note:InUSthereisdualcitizenship.

The Citizenship act of 1955 provided for the Commonwealth Citizenships. But this
provisionwasrepealedbytheCitizenship(Amendment)Act,2003.

ThePIO(PersonofIndianOrigin)cardentitlesapersontovisitIndiawithoutavisa.

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1Comment

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Jointhediscussion
V.B.Chandrasekaran 7monthsago

Registration,renewalandcancellationofapublicsociety.
MisguidedunderstandingofthewordsNGO,License,Permit,Renewal,Registration
of.Etal.
Dearfriends,
20thNovember2015
ItisamusingforalaypersonlikemewhobelievethatLAWisLOGICand
wisdomofcommonperson/citizentoreadthewordsNGO,License,Permit,Renewal
Registrationetalareusedsolooselyandcasuallyinthecontextof
VoluntaryOrganisations.Attheendofthedayweareamisinformedlotby
mesmerisationofhearingthesewordsrepeatedly.
WE,VoluntaryOrganisationsarenotgivenLicenseandPermits.Idonot
knowwhichblokestartedusingormisusingthesewordsthatcommoncitizensget
wrongsignals.But,wereadsuchwordseveninTheHinduwellknownforGood
English..Willanylegalluminarycorrectmyunderstandingand
perceptionthatitisrightorcorrectorwrongtousetheseterminologies,
seemore

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