Dungi

Scientific Temper
Jawaharlal Nehru strongly believed in two
wonderful concepts; freedom of speech, and a
concept he had coined, a nation with a scientific
temper.
That term, a scientific temper is a wonderfully
succinct way to describe a broad concept. By
speaking of a nation with a scientific temper,
he wanted to speak of the people of a nation who
would be able to think independently, understand
and practice the scientific method in their daily
lives, analyse and not take statements at their
face value, and avoid simplistic reasoning.
Of course, it has been easier said than done to
create that atmosphere in a nation where
superstition, religion, rumor, myth and
innumerable beliefs abound.

Scientific Method
Scientific method consists of systematic

observation, measurement, and

experiment, and the formulation, testing,
and modification of hypotheses.
Scientific inquiry is generally intended to be as
objective as possible, to reduce biased
interpretations of results. Another basic
expectation is to document, archive and share
all data and methodology so they are available
for careful scrutiny by other scientists,
giving them the opportunity to verify results by
attempting to reproduce them.

Science
Communication
Science communication generally refers to

public media aiming to talk about science with

non-scientists. This often involves professional
scientists (called 'outreach' or 'popularization')
but has evolved into a professional field in its
own right. It includes science exhibitions, science
journalism, science policy and science media
production, among other things.
Science communication can also simply describe
communication between scientists (e.g. through
scientific journals) as well as between nonscientists.

Is it Optional?
Development of Scientific temper is a
Fundamental duty of every Indian citizen
as per the Constitution.

Conceptual Differences and

connectivity between
Science & Technology

DIFFERENCES BETWEEN SCIENCE &

TECHNOLOGY
SCIENCE
Quest for understanding
objective laws governing
natural phenomena
Pursuit of truth itself;
Know-Why
Not concerned with
potential for application;
theory the raison d'tre of
science
Paradigmatic
Disseminated freely.
Published. Other scientists
are expected to replicate
& verify findings.

TECHNOLOGY
Quest for making directly
useful application of
scientific principles to
production
Know-How
Tech has a direct purpose
in mind; providing
practical solution raison
d'tre
Ecumenical
Not disseminated freely.
Has a price attached. Is
traded. Not published.
Closely guarded.

DIFFERENCES BETWEEN SCIENCE &

TECHNOLOGY (CONTD)
Evaluated on intrinsic

merit; on the
explanatory merit &
theoretical elegance.
Time-frame is medium
to long term
Science seeks most
precise data to
support or refute a
hypothesis.
Science research
organisation mimics
the structure of
knowledge being
added.

Evaluated in terms of

contribution to
desired economic &
social goals
Time-frame is short;
time-targets are set
Weighs precision
against cost of
obtaining data &
other practical
concerns
Tech research
organised around
problem foci; usually
a matrix organisation

WHICH CAME FIRST

TECHNOLOGY: From instinctive

adaptation to natural environment

through trial and error; leading to crafts;
leading to technological disciplines.
SCIENCE: Modern science came much
later.
SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY now
inseparable: Science leads to
technology; technology leads to new
science; the process goes on.
The future society is one in which
science & technology will determine the
direction of socio-economic changes
John Kenneth Galbraith

Science in Daily Life

The use of GPS systems, telephone, telefax,

laptops, etc
Cure for millions of diseases and ailments.
Heart transplants and various such critical
medical procedures are only possible due to
science and its innovations.
The flying of a simple kite involves science in
the fact that it involves the angle of elevation,
speed as well as distance.

Thank You!