Predisposing Risk Factors Precipitating Risk factors

-Age -Treatment with high dose radiation or

-Gender chemotherapy
-Race -Exposure to toxic chemicals
-Drug induced(Chloramphenicol)
-Lifestyle Choices
-Autoimmune blood disorders
-Pregnancy (Rare)
-Genetic

Idiopathic Autoimmunity
Precipitating Risk factors
Predisposing Risk Factors
Mutation in genes responsible for Activation of cytotoxic T cells
-Low iron dietary intake
-Age telomere repair complex -Gynaecologic abnormalities
-Gender Targets own
-Chronic marrow stem cells
bleeding
-Race Depletion and damage of -Pregnancy
-Lifestyle Choices stem cells
hematopoietic -Mal absorption
Depletion Problems
and damage of hematopoietic
stem cells
 Iron level insufficiency in the body Chronic Bleeding
(Due to chronic conditions)

Impaired/insufficient Hemoglobin synthesis in Prolonged/ Over activation of

the red bone marrow response to initiate Erythropoiesis

Iron store depletion

Red Cell release insufficiency

Abnormal Heme
Synthesis
Iron deficiency anemia

Formation of Hypochromic, small,

non functional RBCs

Laboratory diagnosis Microcytic Anemia

1. Serum ferritin, an iron storage protein, is
low
2. Decreased serum iron, increased iron
binding capacity, < 16% saturation Clinical Manifestations:
3. Microcytosis, hypochromia, anisocytosis,
poikilocytosis  Weakness  Loss of appetite
4. Increased red cell distribution  Pale lips  Sore mouth
width(RDW)  Pale eyelids  Lightheadedness
5. Decreased absolute reticulocyte count  Headache  Early symptoms are mild
with inadequate response to anemia.  Shortness of breath after exercise  Concentration problems
 Sleeping problems  Rapid heartbeat
6. Normal WBCs   Irregular heartbeat  Chest pain
7. thrombocytosis  Dizziness  Impaired cognitive ability
8. Decreased iron stains in the bone marrow  Cold skin  Fatigue
 Tiredness  Mild early symptoms
 Pallor  Anemia
 Concave nails  Brittle nails
 Husky voice  Tongue inflammation
 Difficulty swallowing
 Low levels of iron in blood
 Low levels of haemoglobin
 Reduced red blood cell count
 Pica
 Persistent urge to consume ice
 Persistent urge to consume clay
 Asymptomatic in mild cases
 Fingernail abnormalities