A Matrix of Philippine Educational System

EDUCATIONAL BRIEF HISTORY EDUCATIONAL PROGRAM EDUCATIONAL LEGAL MANDATES PROPONENTS

PERIOD PRACTICES
Pre – Spanish
The early Filipinos ♪ Rituals and ceremonies are ♪ Apprenticeship – at ♪ Code of Kalantiaw ♪ Parents
were already civilized, consider as program that time home ♪ Based on elderly rule of the ♪ Elders
before the Spanish came ♪ For conformity ♪ Knowledge and skills chief in the barangay ♪ Babaylan and
and conquer our country. ♪ Institutionalized – Katalona
They had government, religious and imitation
laws, education, writing, ♪ Attending religious
literature, religion, rituals and ceremonies
customs and traditions,
commerce and industries
and arts and services.
Spanish Almost 333 years, ♪ Elementary Education ♪ Royal Decree of 1863 (Educational Act of 1863) ♪ Spanish
colonize the Philippines .  Parochial Schools  Establishment of a complete system of education missionaries
They are after the 3G’s  Visitas (chapel) in the country comprising of elementary, secondary
God - religion ♪ Secondary Education and collegiate levels
Gold – treasure  Seminarios – religious  The provision of government supervision and
Glory - power vocation control of these schools
 Beaterios – for girls  The establishment of teacher training institutions
 Institutes
 Colegios
♪ Higher Education
 UST – Collegio de Sto.
Rosario
1995 – World Youth Day
- Mass in Quirino
Grandstand and UST
(Pope John Paul II)
 Collegio de San Jose
American Regime ♪ Thomasites
Treaty of Paris –Public School System ♪ English language was ♪ First Philippine ♪ President William
December 10, 1898 ,♪ Mass Education used as a medium of Commission (President McKinley
terminated the Spanish-♪ Elementary instruction. William McKinley, April 7,
American raging in Cuba Education ♪ New subject areas were 1900)
and the Philippines were♪ Secondary introduced -reading,  Bring about an era of a
ceded to the United Education writing, arithmetic, new form of colonial
States by Spain for the♪ Higher Education language, good manners governance over a long-
paltry sum of US♪ Vocational and right conduct, civics, oppressed people.
million. Education hygiene and sanitation, ♪ Educational Act No. 34
gardening, domestic (January 21, 1901)
science, American  Established the
History and Philippine Department of Public
History. Instruction
♪ American textbooks and ♪ Organic Act of 1916
reading materials were  Department of Public
the only educational Instruction is headed by a
materials used. secretary.
♪ Technical/ vocational ♪ Act No. 74 – Educational
skills were emphasized. Act of 1901
♪ “Thomasites” were the ”Organic School Law” of
first teacher. the Philippines
♪ Grade seven was  Continuance of
included. public/private schools
Prohibits teacher from
teaching religion
♪ Act No. 3162 & 3196 -
Munroe Survey Commission
in 1925

Evaluate the entire

educational system they set
up
♪ Concurrent Resolution No.
17 in the Philippine
Legislature in 1925
Public schools were
designed to promote the
establishment of self-
governing Philippine state,
independent and democratic
♪ Act 477 – Bureau of
Education
♪ Act 2708 – Government
inspection and supervision of
private school obligatory
♪ Act 2957 - Board of
Textbook
Commonwealth Commonwealth started ♪ Formal Institution of the ♪ “Filipino” language was ♪ Commonwealth ♪ Manuel L. Quezon
Period in 1935 with Manuel L. Adult Education (called non- used as the medium of Act No. 80 in 1963 – Office
Quezon as the president. formal education) – Transfer instruction of Adult Education
“Preparatory period” the vocational-industrial ♪ Vocational schools ♪ Commonwealth Act No. 4
that would enable the education program from the were made more similar – ROTC
Filipinos to deserve formal to non-formal system. in curriculum to ♪ Executive Order No. 17
independence. Academic schools (Quezon Code of Ethics) –
♪ Celebration of National Foundation stone of
Language Week every emerging philosophy of the
August. Philippine Education system.
♪ 1935 Constitution
moral character
personal
discipline
civic conscience
vocational
efficiency
citizenship
training
 ♪ Executive Order No.
Japanese World War II ♪ re – opening of Elementary ♪ Japanese language is 2 ♪ Jose P. Laurel
Occupation ♪ It started when the Schools popularize to terminate - basic principles of required teachers to
naval of bombers ♪ re – opening of vocational the use of English education obtain licenses after
attacked Pearl Harbor in and normal schools ♪ Filipino children went to make the people undergoing a rigid
Hawaii in December ♪ institutions of higher to school to learn understand the position examination
1941. The United States learning giving courses in Japanese songs & games of the Philippines as a encouraged the
declared war against agriculture, medicine, member of East Asia propagation of Tagalog as
fisheries and engineering Co-Prosperity Sphere the national language
to eradicate the old
idea of reliance upon
Japan . As a the Western nations
consequence of this war ♪ there was a strict to promote friendly
the Philippines was censorship of textbooks relations between Japan
occupied by the and other learning and Philippines
Japanese. Because materials to endeavor to
Philippines is a colony of ♪ the teachers were to require that majority of
elevate the morals of the governing board of any
America . For three become condescending the people giving up the
years the Filipinos mouthpieces of Japanese overemphasis on school, college or
suffered propaganda university be Filipino
materialism citizens
(January 3, 1942 – July to strive for the
5, 1945). diffusion of Japanese
♪ The Fall of Bataan language in the
(Death March) – April 9, Philippines to terminate
1942 the use of English in
due course

to put an importance

The march started to the diffusion of
from Mariveles, Bataan elementary education
to San Fernando , and to the promotion of
Pampanga where many vocational education
Americans and Filipinos to inspire the people
died. with the spirit to love
♪ The Fall of Corrigedor labor
– May 6, 1942
Corrigedor fell in the
hands of the Japanese
♪ Puppet Government –
where Japanese Military
Chief governs
Jose P. Laurel is he
president of the
Philippines during that
time
Third Republic Manuel Roxas is the ♪ the concept of academic ♪ moral character ♪ Article XIV, section 5 of ♪ Manuel Roxas
first president of the freedom the quality of a person the 1935 Constitution ♪ Elpidio Quirino
Third Republic . During only universities that guides his thinking, ♪ Commonwealth Act ♪ Ramon
his administration he established by the State behavior and relationshipsNo.586 (Educational Act of Magsaysay
granted general amnesty ♪ religious instruction in the with others 1940) ♪ Carlos Garcia
to those who had public schools ♪ personal discipline meet the increasing ♪ Diosdado
collaborated with the optional and its an inner force that demand for public school Macapagal
Japanese in World War implementation would have to inhibits a person from teacher
II. Elpidio Quirino was be in accordance with what doping what is right to his shifting morning and
elevated to the was already authorized by the welfare as well as to the afternoon class
presidency when Roxas existing law welfare of others
died of heart attack in ♪ the creation of scholarships ♪ civic conscience
1948. in 1953, Ramon in the arts, sciences and letters social concern and
Magsaysay was elected. was for specially gifted involvement in the
He is known as the “Man citizens society
of the Masses”. He died for those who posses a ♪ vocational efficiency
in an airplane crash in certain level of capability for productivity
March 1957. carlos academic studies and are ♪ complete and adequate
Garcia succeeded to the unable to afford the cost of system of public
presidency after college education education
Magsaysay’s death. changes with the
changing time and the
changing needs of
changing human beings

His administration
emphasized the
nationalist theme of
“Filipino First”, arguing
that the Filipino people
should be given the
chance to improve the
country’s economy.
Diosdado Macapagal
was elected president in
the 1961 election. He
changed the celebration
of Independence Day
from July 4 to June 12,
to honor the day Emilio
Aguinaldo declared
independence from
Spain in 1898.
New Society ♪ First Term ♪ Individual as a useful ♪ Elementary/Primary – ♪ Executive Order No. 202in ♪ Ferdinand Edralin
infrastructure member of society 6yrs 1969 – Presidential Marcos
development (road Government’s book Boys and girls (6-12 Commission to Study
construction, bridges, program y/o) Philippine Education
MERALCO, PNR, ♪ Education for all  7-5pm weekdays (PCSPE)
Nawasa, PLDT) ♪ Integrated System of ♪ High School/Secondary ♪ Presidential Decree 6-a
convention centers Education Boys and girls (12-16 (amended by PD 12350 –
(CCP, PICC, Folk Arts  National College Entrance y/o) EDPITAF (Educational
Theatre, PhilTrade, Examination (NCEE)  7-5pm weekdays Development Projects
National Arts Center ) Youth Civic Action ♪ College/University Implementing Task Force)
successful drive Program (YCAP) /Tertiary ♪ Batas Pambansa Blg. 232
against smuggling Bilingual Policy Program Boys and girls (16/up) ♪ PD 1139 – expanded from
in 1968, Philippines ♪ Productivity ♪ Vocational Commonwealth Act No. 80
become self-sufficient in ♪ Emphasis on Research ♪ 1973 Constitution Article
rice production ♪ Responsiveness to changing XV Sec. 8
Land reform was needs and conditions ♪ Educational Act of 1982
given to 3,739 farmers ♪ Quality education ♪ PD 1 – Integrated
Reorganization Plan of 1972
 Philippines became a ♪ Non-formal education
member of ASEAN ♪ Optional Religious Bureau of Elementary
instruction Education
Bureau of Secondary
Education

♪ State Supervision and

Control of Schools – Minister
Bureau Of Technical And
♪ Second Term of Education Culture and
Vocational Education
criticisms followed his Sports (MECS) Bureau of Higher
victory (human rights ♪ NESC – New Elementary
School Curriculum Education
violation, corruption,
high student tuition fees, Bureau of Continuing
military abuse) Education

January 1970: Battle

of Mendiola ♪ NSEC – New Secondary
June 1971: ConCon is Education Curriculum
held to review the 1935 ♪ PRODED – Program for
Constitution Decentralized Educational
Plaza Miranda Development
Bombing
The 1973 Constitution
was brought
Proclamation of 1081
(Martial Law)
Aquino
After the Marcos ♪ Adult Education Program ♪ To improve the quality ♪ R.A 6728 – Act providing ♪ Corazon C.
administration, the ♪ Non formal Education and increase the Government Assistance to Aquino
events that followed ♪ Technical and Vocational relevance of education Students and Teachers in
happed one after another Education and training Private education – July 10,
with lightning speed. ♪ Physical Education and ♪ To increase access of 1989
Since Marcos and his School Sports disadvantaged groups in ♪ E.O No. 27 – July 4, 1986
family left the State, and ♪ Scholarships and incentives all educational areas ♪ E.O No.189 – June 10,
no one will lead the ♪ Free Public Education in ♪ To accelerate the 1987
country, Gen. Ramos Elementary and High school development of middle ♪ Philippine Constitution
and Sec. Enrile declared ♪ ESCS – Educational Service and high level manpower 1987 – Article XIV; Sec. 1-2
their new choice of Contracting Scheme required by economic ♪ R.A 7104 – Comm. On
president to succeed ♪ SEDP - Secondary recovery and sustainable Filipino Language
Marcos, Corazon Education Developmental growth as well as enhance ♪ R.A 6959 – Provincial
Aquino, the widow of Program their employability, Centers for Science and
Benigno Aquino. She productivity, and self- Technology
took her oath of office to reliance
become the new leader
of the country in Club
Filipino at Greenhills.
She immediately set up a
new constitution that
was speedily written and
reorganized. It was
ratified on February 2,
1987 .

Even the entire

government was
changed. New set of
senators and
congressmen were
elected on May 11,
1987 . a new minister
was chosen by the
president in the person of
Lourdes R. Quisumbing.
She reorganized the
education ministry.
Fidel V. Ramos National election was ♪ Early Childhood Care and ♪ grade 1-6 years old ♪ R.A 8047 – Book ♪ Fidel V. Ramos
held on May 11, 1992 Development program ♪ National School Publishing Industry
under the Saligang Batas ♪ TEEP – Third Elementary Enrolment day Development Act – June,
1986. It was the first Education Project ♪ Increase in number of 1995
time in the Philippine ♪ NEAT – National schooldays ♪ R.A 7722 – CHED – May
history to have many Elementary Achievement Test ♪ Science / Science and 18, 1994
candidates in all ♪ NSAT – National Secondary Technology ♪ R.A No. 7743 – June 17,
positions and political Assessment Test ♪ Computer-base 1994 – establishing
parties who wanted to ♪ Ten-Year Master plan for information municipal libraries and brgy.
serve the country. Basic Education reading centers
Miriam Santiago was ♪ CET ♪ R.A 7731 – abolishing
one of them. She was ♪ PROBE – Program on Basic NCEE (NSAT to NAT)
supported and loved by Education ♪ R.A 7784 – Act Strengthen
many of her constituents, ♪ Book Publishing Industry Teacher Education by
especially the youths in Establishing Centers of
Manila . But when the Excellence, Creating a
votes from Mindanao Teacher Education Council
were counted, Pres. for the purpose,
Aquino declared the hero Appropriating Funds
of People’s Revolution Thereof, and for other
and former Chief of purposes – Aug. 4, 1994
Constabulary, Fidel V. ♪ R.A 7796 – TESDA –
Ramos as the new Aug. 25, 1994
president to succeed her. ♪ R.A. 7836 – Philippine
It was June 22, 1992 . Teachers Professionalization
Act of 1994

He took his oath of

office on June 30, 1992 ♪ R.A 7877 – Anti-Sexual
in the Freedom Harassment Act of 1995
Grandstand at Luneta. ♪ R.A 8190 – Granting
Under his term, a flurry priority appointment or
of education reforms assignment to public school
were being rushed to teacher who reside in a brgy.,
completion municipality or city near the
school
♪ R.A 8491 – Prescribing the
code of the national flag,
anthem, motto, coat of arms
and other heraldic items and
devices
♪ R.A 8492 – Establishing
the national museum system
and providing for its
permanent home
♪ R.A. 8496 – Establishing
the Philippine Science High
School System
♪ R.A. 8525 – Establishing
adopt-a-school program
♪ School for the Future
(SOF) – school using
multimedia technology
Joseph Estrada ♪ “Erap para sa ♪ Bureau of Elementary ♪ Starts from June and ♪ R.A 9155 – Governance of ♪ Joseph Ejercito
Mahirap” Education ends in March Basic Education Act Estrada
♪ Philippine Daily Multigrade Program In ♪ Nursery up to ♪ D.O No. 56, s. 2001 –
Inquirer Philippine Education Kindergarten (age 4) Policy on Educational Field
♪ Corruption charges and Preschool Service learn basic things Trips
Impeachment Contracting Program through drawing and ♪ D.O No. 54, s. 2001 –
♪ EDSA II Revolution SPED Personnel other playful activities Revision of “Panatang
Enhancement Program 1-3 hrs of school and Makabayan”
Resource Materials usually in morning ♪ D.O No. 51, s. – Collection
Development for Children ♪ Primary or Elementary of School Publication Fees
with Special Needs (CSNs) Schools (age 6-12) ♪ D.O No. 45, s. 2001 –
Early Intervention Program usually 6 years of revision of Alphabet and
for Children with Disabilities schooling but some Guide in Spelling of
Standards for Quality school adds an additional Philippine Language
level ♪ D.O No. 35, s. 2001 –
Elementary Education
(SQEE) average hours spent in Payment of Teachers
school is 6 ♪ PCER – Presidential
♪ Bureau of Secondary
the level of primary Commission on Educational
Education
Three Division school are grouped into reform
1.Curriculum Development two primary subdivisions:
2. Staff Development Divisionthe Primary Level and the
3. Population Education Unit Intermediate Level
CS-PST (Community shifting of classes is
Service and Public Safety done by subdivisions or
Training) by alternate
(odd/even) levels

TSD-MSP (Thinking Skills

Development for Maximized
Cognitive Development)
Teacher Training Program
Adopt-A-School Program
SIP (Self-Instructional
Packages) in SRA (Social
Reform Agenda) Provinces
curriculum includes the
core subjects (Math,
English and Makabayan)
and other subjects
(Science, Music, Arts and
PE)
international schools/
Chinese schools have
BP-OSA (Balik-Paaralan additional subjects
para sa Out-of-School Adults) English in the teaching
Project EASE (Effective medium
and Affordable Secondary NEAT
Education) ♪ Secondary School or
School Based Education High School (age 12-17)
Indigenized/Localization of 4 years of schooling
the Secondary Education and has 4 levels
Curriculum schooling is
RHGP (Revitalized compartmentalized
Homeroom Guidance hours spent in school
Program) ranges from8-12
Population Education including vacant periods
Program; PEPTALK NSAT
♪ Bureau of Physical
Education and School Sports

♪ Tertiary School (age17-

School Sports Competition
21)
Program
either colleges or
Physical Education
universities
Curriculum Materials
Development Program amount of time spent in
school varies depending
Teachers/Coaches/
on how many subjects
Trainors/ Officiating Office
will be taken up each day
Training Program
and how long will each
Special Project and take
International Participation
schooling is
♪ National Education Testing
cosmopolitan
and
Research subjects that will be
Center taken up depends on the
academic degree program
National Elementary
chosen by the student
Achievement Test (NEAT)
Arroyo National Secondary
♪ Succession in 2001 Achievement Test (NSAT) ♪ R.A 9155 – Governance of Basic Education ♪ Gloria Macapagal
♪ Oakwood Mutiny ♪ D.O No.1, s. 2006 – Creation and Composition of Arroyo
♪ The 2004 Election and the Student Crime Prevention Committee
Subsequent Rigging ♪ D.O No.7, s. 2006 – Reiterating the Prohibition of
Allegations Philippine Validating Test the practice of hazing and the operation of
♪ Foreign policy and (PVT) fraternities and sororities in elementary and
“war on terror” secondary schools
Accreditation and
♪ Charter Change ♪ D.O No. 48, s. 2006 – Observance of safety
Equivalency Program (AEP)
♪ State of Emergency Measures in Science Laboratories
Accelerated Learning
Program for Elementary
Schools (ALPES)
♪ School Health and Nutrition
♪ D.O No. 41, s. 2007 – Guidelines on the utilization
Center
and Liquidation of school based repair and
Health and Nutrition maintenance fund under CY. 2007 Budget
Education ♪ D.O No. 43, s. 20002 – The 2002 Basic Education
National Drug Education Curriculum
Program
TB Prevention and Control
Program
School Milk Project
Breakfast Feeding Program

ANALYSIS:
The Educational system of the Philippines was influenced by the colonializations of Spanish, Americans and from the previous presidents up to the
present. The educational programs and practices in every period have their own approach in teaching though others are the same in such aspects.
 The colonializations of Spaniards to the Philippines have brought structure and order not only to the educational system but also to the country itself.
The religion was brought. The learning was transferred to generation and up to now.
The Americans contributed more in making laws and restructuring the educational practices. As different periods and president comes, the
curriculum is getting intensive and comprehensive that brought us new subjects and strategies on how to improve the educational system.

IMPLICATION:

Since the colonialization of the Spaniards, Americans up to Japanese until the different president comes, I could say that little by little, the
education has evolved.
Different educational program arose:
 ♪ Elementary Education ♪ Vocational Education
Parochial Schools♪ Mass Education Visitas (chapel)
♪ Elementary ♪ Secondary Education
Education Seminarios – religious vocation
♪ Secondary Beaterios – for girls
Education Institutes
♪ Higher Education Colegios
♪ Higher Education♪ Early Childhood Care and Development program
♪ TEEP – Third Elementary Education Project
♪ NEAT – National Elementary Achievement Test
♪ NSAT – National Secondary Assessment Test
♪ Ten-Year Master plan for Basic Education
♪ CET
♪ PROBE – Program on Basic Education
♪ Book Publishing Industry

All of that are still use today and still be using for the next generation.

A Matrix of
Philippine
Educational System
 Tripoli, Romelyn
C.
II-22
#5