INDIAN INSTITUTE OF TE“\2NOLOGY, KHARAGPUR, Time: hours Full Marks: 80 End-Avtumn Semester 2007 ~ 2008 Department of Civil Engineering ‘Subject Number, CE21003. =" HYDRAULICS (Students: 58) Instructions: Answer ail questions: Make suitable assumptions, wherever absolutely necessary. USE TWO SEPARATE ANSWER SCRIPTS FOR SECTIONS 4 AND ‘li’. SECTION ~1 Qi, (a} Using the equation for specitic energy (t), «ow that Fy, erd yz are elterste depths in a rectangular : i channel, then the folowing equations are vai: y= 2% agg gtr Mt va Wty (4 marks) (b) A rectangular channel 2.6m wide carries a flow of 2.75m%s at a depth of 0.9m. A contraction of the channel width is proposed at 2 certain section, Find the smallest allowable contracted wiath that will not affect the upstream flow conditions. (4 marks) (c) A discharge of 100 Us Is to be measured by a triangular notch of vertex angle 60°. What would be the hnead over the vertex of the notch? If the accuracy of reading the head is 1mm, what error in discharge ‘can be expected at this level? Assume Ce = 0.58. (4marks) @2_—_ (a) Two reseroirs with @ difference in water surface elevation of 10m are connected by @ pipeline ABC ‘which consists of two pipes AB and BC joined in series, Pipe diameters, lenattis and f (friction coefficient) values for the two pipes are, respectively: 100m and 16cm, 20m and 25m, 0.02 and 0.018. The junctions of the pipes amongst themselves and that with the reservoirs are abrupt. Calculate the discharge considering approoriate friction losses in the pines end the minor losses In the pipe entrance, ext and junctions, as appropriate. (& marks) (b) A pipe 6om in diameter, 1000m long, and with f= 0.048 is connected in parallel between two points M and N with another pipe 8¢m in d'ameter, 800in long, and with f= 0.020. A total discharge of 20L/s enters junction M and splits into the two pipes which rejoin back at junction N. Estimate the discharges in the two pipes. (4 marks) (¢) Water is to be conveyed at 2 rate of 250 Us over a distance of 1500m at a head loss of 15m. Asphalted cast iron pipe (c = 0.t2mm) is suggasied 10 be used. Taking kinematic viscosity of water as 1x 10° m/s and the following empirical form of the Colebrook equation (with usual notation), estimate the diameter of the pipe: 1 vate $2835) (4 marks) ‘ SECTION-It @3. (a) Sketch the plot of shear stress vs, velccity gradient variation and on this provide full names of al possivie cases OF fui asics subsance. ave a Zor substitute or the veo gradient ‘matks) {b) Distinguish between the following: Gauge pressure and absolute pressure, i. Manometer and peizometer, il, Path ine and streak tine, iv. Stream function and velocity potential function, as well as v. flow net and flow line (5 marks)a3 a4 ihrough @ hydraulic maching such as @ pump or a turbine depends on the shaft work (GH), power supplied P, rpm N, characteristic length D, mass density p and viscosity 1 of the fuid. Using Buckingharn's = theorem, obtain all the non-dimensional parameters. (4 marks) {a) Write 2 short description about river madeting with special reference to fixed bed as well as movable bed models, Completely msntionfhe type of made! in toth the cases. 13.5 marks) : five, cabegovise) (b) Ging 2 typical schematic sketch for each cf thee mejor types of turbines, tabuate the strkng points of distinction among them, (4 marks) (c) Give the meaning of the non-dimensional specific speed of a pump and list all the parameters on which it depends. A single acting reciprocating pump has a plunger dia, of 25 cm and a stroke of 35 om. If the pump is working at 60 rpm delivering 16.5 Lis of water, determine the theoretical discharge, Coefficient of discharge, siip and the %age slip tor the pump, (4 marks)