1. INT Kharagpur, CE21005 final, Autumn 2007 23.11.2007, No. of registered students: 88 Instructions Total 100 points. 4 questions. Answer all questions. ‘You will gt full eredits only if you show all important steps in your solution, Merely writing the right answer without relovant deteils may not fetch you any point. If you cainot solve e problem completely, write the outline or steps for the solution in order to get partial eredits If you need to make any assumptions, clearly state them. “You may soe oniy one pre-approved sheet of your own hand-written material. ‘This is the same sheet that you submivzed tothe instructor, Dr. Bhattacharya, one week before the final, Dr. Bhattacharya will hand you back your sheet during the test. Maintain academic integrity. (40 points). Answer briefly and fo the point. (4 points each) a. What is the stress tensor at a point? Why is the stress tensor symmetric? b. Give an example of the body force term that you see in the stress equilibrium equation. - c. What is the difference between the Lagrangian and the Eulerian descriptions: ofmechanics? Which one is more appropriate for fluid mechanics? 4d.” Under what conditions will the principal directions of stress and strain be ™ . identical? €, Under what conditions would work done on « deformable body by extemal forces be fully converted to internal strain energy? f. Does principle of virtual work require the body to be elastic? Does it require the body to be linearly elastic? @, What are shear deformations in a beam? ‘h. What is the shear centre for a beam? i, What is a statically indeterminate problem? J. What is buckling? Suppose the design Joad on a column has exceeded its ig, buckling stength, What are your options to make the Column safe from 13, buckling failure? ~ 200 points) For the beam under the uniform distributed load w, as shown in the Figure, Gnd (a) ) the support reactions, (b) the vertical deflection at C, (c) the rotation at C. Assume the flexural rigidity of the beam £7 to be constant throughout its length, L. , (€£21005 Fin], November 23,20073.20 points).The aluminium tube with the multiple cell cross section shown in the Figure below, transmits a torsional moment of 20 kNm. Assume E ~* 207 GPa and y =0.25 for a 2a a the material. The tube fength is 500 mm. ‘The radius a= 20mm. The thickness of the wall is 5 mm everywhere Determine the average shear stress in | the wail and the angle of twist. 4. 20 points) An I section needs to be strengthened by flange plates as shown in the figure. The flange plates need to be welded to the flange. The flange plates are shown shaded, and the weids are shown in solid black. The dimensions of the original I section are as follows: width b = 205 mm, height h=210 mm. Eaoh flange plate is 10 mm thick, and 190 mm wide. ‘The moment of inertia for the original section is Ip = 54x 10° mm. lh ‘The beam has a length of 5 m and carries a constant sheat force of 100 KN, — J For a weld of thickness ¢ mm and iength / mm, its shear strength is 78 Jt MPa mm*. What should be the thickness of the weld in mm? Use a factor of — safety of 1.4, Weld lines Top view 2 ‘CE21005 Fira, Novemiber23, 2007