artigo indefinido, igual para masculine e feminine .. Tern duas forrnas: a e usado diante de palavras que comecam com 80m de consoante on semivocal: 8':D diante de palavras que comecam com
em ingles, as adjetrvos Dl311tel11 a mesma forma para '0. masculine e 0 feminine, para 0 singular e o plural, Na lista ,de vocabulos deste curso sera fornecida, como regra, a traducao portuguesa para o rnasculino singular.
. lA . .- ~. ~,.p. ~ 0
em mgtes, as preposicoes sao rrrvariaveis. .
artigo quando presente, segue apreposicao, sem unir-se a ela, Ex.: .Ioao esta no (ern + 0) escritorio := John is in. the officer
esta ,e· a iinica forma do artigo defmido ingles: vale indiferentemente para masculine, feminmo, singular e plural,
··,·:t· partt ""1 co' ··0····00·· . d .. ante de : ml-' · .... erb .'. ,:., esran irucu a, oioe, a .. 1;IVI,L te ae tn v roo em
ingles, caraeterlza 0' infinitrvo.
( ~~o1{)
. \
IUNI'T 1
c
.
- - -
. .
... - - -- -- - .
....1'
He's, the
ne .. ··w' teo a' che r-
• - .' , .• .'_:_ :-~ _'_:_ II' II· ..-. _I '.'
N'OTA: Good mornina e urn. cumprimento relativamente formal. usado ate 0 meio-dia
Substitua as palavras em g'ril'f'o pelo pronorne corres .. pendente:
~ The book is on, the desk.
It Is on the desk,
1 - The book is on the desk. 2 - J Olh.11 Green is writing.
,3 The pen is on the table,
4 The' pencil is, on, the magazme,
5, ~ Dick J ohnsori is talking. {
6 The' neuispaper is Ion the desk. 7 Torn Baker is walking.
8 TIL h ,. di
, , It,e teacher is rea:ln,g.
i9 - The notebook is, on the chair. 10 - Thepencil is on the notebook.
Com p lets as trases co m base nag iii ustracoes:
I· }
,& ts a .. ~ ..
It' s a pen,
1 - It' is a ,', ~' ~ ~ 1
2
Who' 1-1?
\tv . ,10 8< "J ~ -'.;
H - - -
,. - ,,--"' .. , ~-
'e s J ohn Brown.
4 - He's. ~ -: t.c~'"v~'\
1
,5 - What' s this l' i+ : ': i ~ a pencil,
6·
~
Its a ,. ~~~
.I""'!' Who' h .{"Ii
, -, ',0 So ,.e f
'j r t J".. R"" h d 'C" .
~t II!l ' ",' .' ,.,.
, ' " ..... " __ ' Ie " arn Larter ~
''"~'' .. r
.r:::"J: . I
.~' ."
,,: f,.r"" ,
~: q \"/
, '
10 \IM~..f)'_" , he?
He's Wil]ia,m Anderson.
15.
U NII'T 1
,E
GiR""M '-AR
I, ,: '~_""' ,I' ,
SUBJECT PRONOUN,S
t ~
" chair
II't , table 1[1: ~bl : .. nk , ,,00
I note boo k
\
t - ,
~ Tom Baker
h- Bill Smith e ,_
: fJ ohn Green
, DiekJohnson
';
Em ingles e s,ernprenecessa rlo i idlcar 0 su,jeito que cumpre a acso. He e: it sao dots pronornes suleuos (5ubjectpro.no,ufJs) da 3-a 'D€SSQa do sinqular: he e usa dopa ra i no i ca r p €-5So.a. d o sexo m asc u I ino: it pa ra co i sas e an~ rna i S (exes to os de €sti macae) .,
Exarnplos:
'That's John. Weston., He'e the new teacher. Where's the book?' If's on the table,
'P'RESEN'T TEI'JISE '''TO, IB,IE 'II~
, (3a pes-soa do singular)
-
Long Fo,rm Short Form
i
i
,
he ______ 'he's
" ~
IS
it~"- . it's o ve rbo ;, se r' (to be), como quase todo s os au Xl I ~a res ern 1 ng les ~ n a pres's' n ~ te do 'indicativa (present tense) tern duas forrnas: uma completa (long for..m) e (JLJtr3 co tralda (.~hOf1lorrri). Esta u~lima e usada partie rlarmente na llnqua talada,
xsmplos:
He: is Tom Baker. It Is a newspaper,
116
H,e's TOlD B,akel'"~ It's a newspaper.
QUESTION' W'ORD,S
what
who
What i nicia pe rgu n !,B s que dize m respeito a col sas ou acoes:
Where', per-gun-las reterentes a !ugaresr; ~1Ih o, p G rqu n las re'fe rente s a pessoa s.
Exemplos:
lVhatjs this? It's a book ..
Wh ' ;1' h doi ? H ) di
tat s r e domg? rae s reaaing.
Wk', ,",' h ", - €", l't" " 'h ,-, b'-l'
nere S t ie pen ~ I" S on the table.
Wk" h'?'H"'J'h G"_-' ,0 8 ie E e ,8-. onn. "-. reen.
PA.ESE.NT PRIOGRES,SIV'E, (3~ passoa do singu~ar)
ong _=o,rm
,
Short Form
bill d·'
e I S rea~_:ilng
he's ~' , d ~-- g ,~ ~ ~"ea '- IB,"
o pres. ente cent i n IJ 0 tpresen: p-rogrfl]ssi've) inc ~ca em, gle ra I L:I ma a'9a 0 que esta ocorrendo no m omenta ern que s e tala,
E tormado asslm:
IS presents
do, 'v''.., rb' 0
.. OJ "
ING
gerurld'io doverbo que, exprime a acao
+
+
ING
Exernolos:
ell' c> re a' ding <!!I, 'ill' "=ill g- a zine no' - \'iIi't
Para forrnutar lPergun.tas com 0 preseote do verbo "ser", coloca-se 0 verba antes do sujeito; nas frases aftrmatlvas, ao' contrario, 0 sujeito vern sempre
antes do ve .-;hr.. ~lllI ~~ ·u 1(. IliUv"I
'forma
a.f I rrn a tlva
, 1 2
,
I I
I suleito verbo "ser ester" ,
:. " ~ J '~
hie
it '.
I " IS
the door ,
, I I forma
. t'
I nterroqatlva
,2 1
verbo ~j '.' estar" sulelto
set,
I he
. it
IS ,I' I
; the door 1
I
. Exemplos:
He is the new teacher, IS' he the new teacher?
It is. OIl the desk. Is it on the desk?
Th d .
~ .' 1 .'~, .:. ': • , -"'I -., -.: • ',.",
I e, ,t),or 18 open"
Is the door open?
Def;i n em-s e como YBs/htJ questions ' .... pe rguntas fechada S'~) as. Qoe podern
ser respondidas co m um "sl m" au u m "rta. 0". .
!'
iR,EV~ISAO
Richard Brown is a teacher, He's closing the window,
W'here',s Tom Baker? He's ~n 'the classroom.
Where's the netospaper? It's on the floor,
I
PRESE,NT PROG RESS'IV'E
,',,' ',"I "_ ,',,:.:::',1 ',''': ,
(3~ pessoa do sing LJ la r)
. I
long Form Short F"rm
0'"
• ,I,' ~
i
He ... readln,g 'H ,', reading
liS J,I es
.
I ., Exemplos:
~ ~' :'H' , e's one n ;n.J.:.·-lj'· the d 0"',0- 'f'
. . . '., u~ , "l~, :0 ", '. - ' .. ' ~
- , • ,,', :: ;J' , ,. -
What's he doing now?'" .•... ' He s. re,a~i!!g a. Ietter,
. "" He:"' s to u.lk,ln;g ~
RES"'"P'QS'TA'S''''' "0"" S' E' 'I -' ,-:.? .-," ,,', ,~,·_,j','.'·II,1'"\ D:·., . ,X,ERCIICIOS
Ex erctclo 1
2 ~ When:"s the teacher? 3 'I' Hle:rg readfng a book.
4 =, Hes openiilng the window. 5 - f~t"S on the chair.
6, = Wh'o's he'?
t ~ Wh'at'~'fhi's?
_ , .. ~ l~ .. ,_. ,M,
S ,_, t's c csed now.
9' ~lt~"" " ..
,.' = 'I· S ,a ru~w's pa pe r,.
1 0 _ Wh e r'e" S Un '9, m ag a.L~ ne?
Exerclcio 2
,2 - ~s iit open?
3 _, ~Is U on the table?
,4 - '1.& he op,enirilig' the door?
5, _ ~'S he cloalnq the win dow? 6, "" ls he talking'?
'1 - [Is ~t: on the chair? 8 _ is it a news pap air?
'9 _ Is he 'wri'tung a lett'9'r? 10 = Is it closed no,w?
Como ,: eremos a seguir, a mesma preposicao e uSQ da para indicar 0 memento, 0 periodo de tempo no qual se desenrola a ac;ao,.
'. h Wlt~
a preposicao urith. indica 0 instrumento corn ,0 qual e realizada a acao, Ex.: He's writing 'With his pen .. Como vcremos a seguir, unth. e usado tambem para, indicar a pessoa junto ,a qual se realiza uma ac;~.io s.
RE,AD_NG
'I
- I --- _'"
, ,
She's Carol Baker .. She's in the classroom .. She's stand-
Complete las frases corn base nas ilustracoe "S'-:"
-' _.' - .:.....--y"_' ", ..• )
,RO, ~ ~ • pu,rse: is, if?
It' ~
" S ..... ~, plurse ..
W'h' '0"'"" [S' e ptrr 'se ,. S·, 1- ·t'?' ~
',' ",.I.'.··' _"",-':';" I ~.,: ,l~ ~'/
It's h.er pur'se.
i . . " ?
~ ., '.. ;. purse IS It '~.
Lt's • P' rurse
. ,c· ..... .iIj I ill' . I"~·· ',' '-. !II
¥t. ~
,~~.~. ~ge;
_ .... '~ • II
.... '
3
;io
. [carryIng a
I
4 -- \., . ~ reading ,a "" ~c..:
5 _," J,. ,~ ~ uewspaper is it?' It's ~ ." r ne'ws'pap,er~
8.
..
I ~
~\ n.:1 ~.,
'!.I t'\~: I
9
'~
I
M\~
Where's the lunchbox?
. "
It· th t hi
~ ~ 8. .. ~ '.' .le· "a" ,e ..
H,. .. '.' ...
e S wrrting ' .. ~ ~
his notebook.
'Wh·t" sh '. - ?
.... 'a, S S ,e doing ~
She's .' . ~ a lunchbox.
- '. br ·11' .. it? ~ ~ .. ' urn ,:re ,a IS 1" ~
-t;s ~u·m.hrella~
6·3,
UNilT 4
E
GR-··A··M·':· M·' A'·'IR"
- I '" .~ ~. '. .' .. :
Subject Pro no uns
~_ :~" III . ,,1_ ." _"
he
hfs
she-
E.m.lng'l eSJ ,a escol ha do pronorne adj€t1ivo possasslvo ~pos5essivi9 ,B'.dj:e-c:rfve) depenoe no possuiaar; nao da colsa possutda, Se qusrn pOSSU1 8 urna F'I[13sC'('Ia do s· ,!"liv[o' ml aseunno u'e-a' .• 1(';"" 0 a'd'j'l'at'I'UM ih,i~ ~""" 'or I rm - ~ p' ""'s'[!ol"';'a co
sexo fe~mi nino, usa -8 e her. Co m 0 todos 0-6 ad] eUvos in gle,s,es r iambs m 0 S possessives precedem sempre 0' subsrantiv().a q U'9 se refarern ,e perrnaneearn lnvarlavels. O~~erentemenf.e des outros, porem eles .recus-am' sempre ,0 an/go.
Exemplos:
He's John t;1re,e.n~ 'T'his is his book,
S'h' .",.-,, S' .' Ilv S' ith. TI h .," '., he ,,'b' ,- .. ,' k
I, e s 'a,y ,-ml, '~'. IDS IS. ,,'er ,00 . "
- .
Tom. is, reading a. newspaper ~ T'hzrt is his' nawsp •. ap . er.
• • I~
A·· .. '1 hb
nn. IS carrymga unc i I (t)OX.,
It is her lunchbox.
Para int.rod u zl r u rna ps. rg u nta a respeito da pessoa qu e, possui uma colsa, usa ~SI13 0 P ron orne i nterrog~Nvo ~'Vho.S'e an les ·do nom e da coisa possu i·da.
I
Exemplos:
H.e"s Tom B'aker~ This is his pen,
W""'h- ,. this? I" hi
',os,e pen IS t -t IS ;, t e r ~8 pen ~
She's A.nn John.son~ This is her umbrella.
.. I
T,]lTh"·o"'···'Sc"9 umbrella ~C!' this? 1ft' 'CI her umbrella