ARTHRITIS

ARTHRITIS

 Is the inflammation of joint. Arthritis affects

people regardless of age, race socioeconomic
group, or sex.
 There are two basic arthritic pathologic
processes.
-Inflammation
-Degenerative/ degeneration
3 TYPES OF ARTHRITIS

 Rheumatoid arthritis
-Most virulent form of arthritis.
-It occurs at any age.
-Chronic
-Inflammatory connective tissue.
 Osteoarthritis
-Most common form of arthritis.
-Degenerative Joint Disease.
-Also called as hypertrophic arthritis.
 Gouty Arthritis
-Primary gout is a familial disorder of purine metabolism
resulting in abnormal amount s of urates in the body.
-Secondary gout, hyperuricemia from increased cell breakdown.
 
SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS

 Four cardinal signs

-Pain
-Swelling
-Redness
-Limitation of motion
 Symptoms
-Pain
-Joint swelling
-Limited movement
-Stiffness
-Weakness
-fatigue
DIAGNOSTIC PROCEDURE

 Athrocentesis
-May be performed not only to obtain a sample
of synovial fluid for analysis but also to relieved
pain caused by pressure of increased fluid
volume, usually in the knee or joint.
 X-ray studies
-Often used in evaluating patients with arthritis.
It can be used to monitor disease activity and
monitor progression, demonstrating the loss of
cartilage and narrowing of joint space overtime.
It can also demonstrate cartilage abnormalities.
Joint erosions, osteopenia.
MEDICAL MANAGEMENT

Pharmacologic therapy
 Salicylates

-Acetylated -> anti-inflammatory, analgesic,

antipyretic.
-Non acetylated-> anti-inflammatory
 Non Steroidal Anti Inflammatory Drugs

-Ibuprofen-> anti inflammatory, analgesic,

antipyretic
 Disease Modifying Anti Rheumatic Drugs

-Solganol-> inhibits T- and B- cell activity

suppresses synovitis during active stage of
rheumatoid disease.
SURGICAL MANAGEMENT

 Tendon transfer
 Osteotomy
 Synovectomy
 Arthroclesis
 Arthroplasty
 Joint replacement
 Hip arthroplasty
 Hemiarthroplasty
 Total hip replacement
 Total knee replacement
NURSING MANAGEMENT

 Relieving pain and discomfort

-Medications are used on a short term basis to relieve
acute pain.
 Decreasing fatigue
-Acute, brief and relieved by rest or sleep; chronic,
persistent, cumulative, and eliminated by rest.
 Promoting restorative sleep
-Helps the patient to cope with pain, minimize
physical fatigue, and deal with the changes
necessitated by chronic disease.
 Increasing mobility
-All joints should be supported in a position of optimal
function.
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF ARTHRITIS

inflammation degeneration

Destruction of
joint

Limitationj in motion

arthritis