Escolar Documentos
Profissional Documentos
Cultura Documentos
V a
ur e
s
o Prevents a photo from under or over
p
Ex
○
exposure.
○ When the main subject is darker than
the background, increase exposure
value. If the subject is much lighter than
the background, decrease exposure
value.
Suggested Exposure Value settings
Bright sunlight coming over the back of you when taking a
photo: -0.3 or -0.7 EV compensation
For shots with strong light coming behind the subject (back lit):
+0.7 or +1.0 EV
Scene with bright sun: 0 to -2 EV
Snow, beach or highly reflected water: -2/3 to -2 EV
Close-up of white or yellow flower: -1/3 to -1 EV
Dimly lit night sky: 0 to +2 EV
Land or seascape taken just prior to dusk: 0 EV to +2/3
Very dark or black objects: + 2/3 to +1 1/3
The diameter of an
aperture is measured
in f-stops
Aperture settings can A lower f-stop number
be used creatively to opens the aperture
control depth of field. and admits more light
How much of a photo is onto the camera
sharp in front and back sensor.
of where you focus on Higher f-stop numbers
the main subject.
make the camera's
aperture smaller so
When an aperture is less light hits the
opened up by one f-
stop, the amount of light sensor.
which reaches the
sensor is doubled.
F-stops are expressed
in three different ways:
f/8, f-8, and 1:8.
Depth-of-field refers to how much of a
photo is sharp in front and back of
where you focus on the main subject. More (deep) DOF
DOF is primarily controlled by Deep depth of field means that all or most
aperture size though other factors of the picture is in focus from front to back.
come into play such as the focal The further away your camera is from the
length of the lens subject, the greater the depth of field.
To increase DOF
For distant subjects
Higher F-stop numbers (smaller apertures)
Shorter focal lengths (wide angle)
To decrease DOF
For close-ups
Lower F-stop numbers (larger apertures)
Longer focal lengths (zoomed in)
Note how the use of a large aperture Using a small aperture (large
(small aperture value) throws the aperture value) extends the DOF
flowers in the background out of from the foreground all the way to
focus. Focus has to be precise. the background.
49.8 mm, Av, Spot, 1/30 sec., f/3.5, 49.6mm, Av, Spot, 1/5 sec., f/11,
+0.7EV, Macro, Tripod used +0.7EV, Macro, Tripod used
Low ISO Settings High ISO settings
The higher the sensitivity, the More image detail Less image detail
less light is needed to make
an exposure
Larger aperture +/or Smaller aperture
The brighter the light, the longer shutter speed +/or faster shutter
lower the ISO; the lower the
light, the higher the ISO.
.
speed
Front-lighting