MEASURMENT OF VOLTAGE, CURRENT, POWER AND POWER

FACTOR USING RLC LOAD

Expt No: Date:

Aim:
To measure power in a single phase AC circuit using wattmeter by RLC
loading.

APPARTUS REQUIRED:

SL.No Name of the Apparatus Range / Type Quantity

1 Voltmeter (0-300V) MI 1 No.

2 Ammeter (0-10A) MI 1 No.

3 Wattmeter 300V,10A,LPF 1 No.

4 RLC Load 5kW 1 No.

As per
5 Connecting Wires 1/18 SWG
requirement

THEORY:
Power in an electric circuit can be measured using a wattmeter. A
wattmeter consists of two coils, namely current coil and pressure coil or potential
coil. The current coil is marked as ML and pressure coil is marked as CV. The
current coil measure the quantity that is proportional to the current in the circuit
the pressure coil measures quantity that is proportional to the voltage in the
circuit. The given wattmeter is loaded by direct loading. The ammeter is
connected in series to the wattmeter. Since the same current flows in both the
coils, the current and voltage across the circuit are constant. The power
consumed by the load is measured using the wattmeter and calculated using the
relation given below.

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CIRCUIT DIAGRAM: (0-10)A, MI
(300V, 10A, LPF)
Fuse
∼
A M L
P
C
R
V
D L
P C
1 φ 230V
S
∼ L
V (0-300)V, MI
AC Supply
50Hz T O
S A
D

N NL
Autotransformer
230V/(0-270)V

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FORMULAE:
Actual power = W x Multiplication factor
Where W – Observed wattmeter reading
Apparent power = VI watts
Where V – Voltmeter reading
I – Ammeter reading

Power Factor, cosφ = Actual Power / Apparent Power

PROCEDURE:
1. Connect the circuit as shown in the circuit diagram.
2. Initially no load is applied.
3. Autotransformer is set to minimum voltage position before switching on
the power supply.
4. Set the rated voltage by using the autotransformer. Measure and record the
values of voltmeter, ammeter and wattmeter on no load condition. Also
carefully note the multiplication factor of the wattmeter that is mentioned in
the wattmeter itself.
5. Apply the load by adjusting RLC load.
6. Measure and record the values of voltmeter, ammeter and wattmeter.
7. Repeat the steps 5 and 6 until the ammeter reading reaches 10A.
8. After taking all the readings, reduce the load slowly to the minimum and
bring the voltage to minimum in the autotransformer. Switch off the power
supply.
9. Calculated the Indicated power by the given formula.
10. Calculate the power factor by the given formula.

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OBSERVATION TABLE:
Multiplication Factor=
Wattmeter Reading
Voltage Current Actual Power Power Factor
Sl.No (watts)
V (V) I (A) (watts) φ
cosφ
Observed Actual

MODEL CALCULATION:

Result
A single – phase wattmeter is used to measure power in AC circuit using
RLC loading.

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 HOUSE WIRING

Expt.No: Date:

Aim:
To Construct House wiring using Energy Meter

METERIALS REQUIRED:

Sl.No Name of the apparatus Range / Type Quantity

1 Switch SPST, 5A 3 Nos.

2 Incandescent Lamp 100W 1 No.

3 Lamp Holder Batten 1No.

4 Ceiling rose - 1No.

5 Socket 10A 1No.

6 Screws 1inch As per required

7 Wires 1/18SWG As per required

8 Switch Board 12″″″x 8″″″ 1No.

9 Energy Meter 1 φ 300V , 16A 1No.

750 rev 50Hz
10 Main switch Box 1 φ 300V , 16A 1No.

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TOOLS REQUIRED:

Sl.No Name of the tools Quantity

1 Combination Pliers 1 No.
2
Connector screw driver 1 No.

Screw driver 1 No.

3
4
Electrician knife 1 No.

THEORY:
Conductors, switches and other accessories should be of proper
capable of carrying the maximum current which will flow through them. The
following table shows the rating for different accessories. Conductors should be
of copper or aluminium. In power circuit, wiring should be designed for the load
which it is supposed to carry. Power sub circuits should be kept separate from
lighting and fan sub – circuits. Wiring should be done on the distribution system
with main and branch distribution boards at convenient centers. Wiring should
neat, with good appearance.

Wires should pass through a pipe or box, and should not twist or cross.

The conductor is carried in a rigid steel conduit conforming to standards or
in a porcelain tube.

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 Lamp 100W Ceiling rose
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:
MAIN SWITCH

ENERGY METER

DPIC

S1 S2 L2 L1

P
Switch Board
1 φ 230V
AC Supply
50Hz
N
DPIC – Double Pole Iron – Clad Switch

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PROCEDURE:
1. Study the given wiring diagram
2. Make the location points for energy meter, main witch box,
switchboard, lamp and ceiling rose.
3. Draw the lines for wiring on the wooden board.
4. Place the wires along with the line and fix.
5. Fix the bulb holder, Switches, Ceiling rose, Socket in marked
positions on the wooden board.
6. Connect the energy meter and main switch box in marked positions
on the wooden board.
7. Give a supply to the wires circuit.
8. Test the working of light and socket.

Result:
Thus the wiring for the bulb and ceiling rose was prepared and
tested.

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 STAIRCASE WIRING

Expt.No: Date:

Aim:
To control the status of the given lamp by using two – way switches

METERIALS REQUIRED:

Sl.No Name of the apparatus Range / Type Quantity

1 Incandescent Lamp 100W 1 No

2 Lamp Holder Pendent Type 1 No

3 SPDT Switch 230V,5A 1 No

As per
4 Wires 1/18”
requirement
As per
5 P.V.C Pipe 1/4"
requirement
6 Wooden Board - 1 No

7 Round block - 1 No

TOOLS REQUIRED:

Sl.No Name of the tools Quantity

1 Combination Plier 1 No

2 Connector screw drivers 1 No

3 Screw driver 1 No

4 Electrician knife 1 No

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CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:

Lamp 60W,
230V

230V, 50Hz
AC Supply
1 1’

P 2 2’

3 3’

SPDT - 1 SPDT - 2

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PROCEDURE:
1. Place the accessories on the wiring board as per the circuit diagram.
2. Place the P.V.C pipe and insert two wires into the P.V.C pipe.
3. Take one wire connect one end to the phase side and other end to the
middle point of SPDT switch 1
4. Upper point of SPDT switch 1 is connected to the lower point of SPDT
switch2.
5. Lower point of SPDT 1 is connected to the upper point SPDT switch2.
6. Another wire taken through a P.V.C pipe and middle point of SPDT
switch 2 is connected to one end of the lamp holder.
7. Another end of lamp holder is connected to neutral line.
8. Screw the accessories on the board and switch on the supply.
9. Circuit is tested for all possible combination of switch position.

PRECAUTIONS:

While giving the connections be careful

Handle the lame safely

Be careful while handling the tools.

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SWITCH

Sl.No SPDT1 SPDT2 Result

1 12 1’2’ OFF / ON

2 12 2’3’ OFF / ON

3 23 1’2’ OFF / ON

4 23 2’3’ OFF / ON

POSITION TABLE:

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Result:

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 FLUORESCENT LAMP WIRING

Expt..No: Date:

Aim:
To make and check the fluorescent lamp wiring

METERIALS REQUIRED:

S.No Name of the apparatus Range / Type Quantity

fluorescent lamp fixture 4 ft

1 1 No

2 fluorescent lamp 40W 1 No

3 Choke 40W, 230V, 1 No

4 Starter 1 No
As per
5 wires 1/18”
requirement

TOOLS REQUIRED:

Sl.No Name of the tools Quantity

1 Combination Plier 1 No

2 Connector screw drivers 1 No

3 Screw driver 1 No

4 Electrician knife 1 No

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CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:

Starte
r

40W
Filament Fluorescent lamp Filament

Choke 40W, 230V

P N
1φ, 230 V ,
50Hz AC
Supply

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THEORY:

Tube light has filament on either side. They are coated with tungsten
material. The inside of the tube has phosphorous coating which is used to
convert ultraviolet into visible light and to give the required color sensation. A
choke is used to give transient high voltage so as to initiate the electron
movement which is an iron starter capacitor is used to suppress radio-
interference with the switch closed. The current flows through the choke and the
starter. The glow switch suddenly breaks thereby creating the circuit. Due to high
conductivity, inductive property of the choke, a transient high voltage is available
across the filament. Hence the electrons are emitted and travel through the tube.
Then tube light is produced.

PROCEDURE:
1. Give the connections as per the circuit diagram as shown in figure.
2. Fix the tube holder and the choke in the tube.
3. The phase wire is connected to the choke and neutral directly to the
tube
4. Connect the starter in series with the tube.

PRECAUTIONS:

While giving the connection be careful.

Handle the lamp safely.

Be careful while handling the tools.

All the connections should be right and tight.

Result:

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 MEASURMENT OF ENERGY USING ENERGYMETER

Expt No: Date:

Aim:
To measure the energy in a single in a phase phase circuit using direct
loading

APPARTUS REQUIRED:

SL.No Name of the Apparatus Range / Type Quantity

750 rev / kWh, 240V,
1 Single phase Energy meter 1No.
50Hz
2 Wattmeter 300V, 10A, UPF 1No.

3 Voltmeter 300V, MI 1No.

4 Ammeter 10A, MI 1No.

5 Load Resistive, 5kW 1No.

As per
6 Wires 1 / 18 SWG
requirement

THEORY:
The energy meter is an integrated type of instrument, where speed of
rotation of the aluminum to the power consumed and number of revolutions per
minute is proportional to the energy consumed by the load.
The ratings associated with the energy meter are.
 Voltage rating
 Current rating
 Frequency rating
 Meter Constant

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The driving system of the meter provides the rotational surface of the torque for
the moving system, which in turn activates the energy meter. The energy meter is
operated at induction principle in which eddy current.

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 CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:

Fuse (0-10A) L
A MI S1
∼
L1 M
P
V
C
D
1φ (0-300V) S2 L2
230V
P
∼MI
V Resistive load
Ac Supply S 5 KW
50Hz
T
S
N
NL
1φ
Autotransformer
(0-270V)

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Indicated in the aluminum disc interacts with the main field and creates the
driving force.

FORMULAE:
Energy meter specification = 750 rev / kWh
True energy = Power (P) x time (s)
= P x t (ws)
= P x t / 3600 x 1000 kWh
Measured energy = n / 750 kWh
Where n - number of revolutions / sec
`
PROCEDURE:
1. Connections are made as per the circuit diagram.
2. Supply is given to the switch by closing the DFST switch.
3. By adjusting the voltage is brought to the rated voltage.
4. Load is switched On
5. Time taken for five revolutions in the energy meter is noted and the
corresponding ammeter and voltmeter reading are noted.
6. The above procedure is repeated for different load current and for fixed
number of revolutions.
7. Then the load is gradually released and supply is switched OFF.

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OBSERVATION TABLE:
M.F ----------------

Supply Wattmeter True Energy Measured

Load Current Time
Sl. No Voltage Reading pxt energy
I (A) t (sec)
V P (W) 1000 x 3600 n / 750 (kWh)
(kWh)

MODEL CALCULATIONS:

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Result:
Thus the energy in a single phase was measured using energy meter.

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