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June, 2010
Pre-Feasibility Study UPVC pipes manufacturing unit
DISCLAIMER
The purpose and scope of this information memorandum is to introduce the subject matter
and provide a general idea and information on the said area. All the material included in
this document is based on data/information gathered from various sources and is based on
certain assumptions. Although, due care and diligence has been taken to compile this
document, the contained information may vary due to any change in any of the concerned
factors, and the actual results may differ substantially from the presented information.
SMEDA does not assume any liability for any financial or other loss resulting from this
memorandum in consequence of undertaking this activity. Therefore, the content of this
memorandum should not be relied upon for making any decision, investment or otherwise.
The prospective user of this memorandum is encouraged to carry out his/her own due
diligence and gather any information he/she considers necessary for making an informed
decision.
The content of the information memorandum does not bind SMEDA in any legal or other
form.
DOCUMENT CONTROL
Document No. PREF-113
Prepared by SMEDA-Punjab
Issue Date May, 2010
Issued by Library Officer
PREF-113/June, 2010
Pre-Feasibility Study UPVC pipes manufacturing unit
Table of Contents
1 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY............................................................................................ 2
2 INTRODUCTION ......................................................................................................... 3
2.1 Project Brief ...........................................................................................................3
2.2 Opportunity Rationale............................................................................................3
2.3 Installed Capacity...................................................................................................3
2.4 Project Cost ............................................................................................................3
3 CRUCIAL FACTORS AND STEPS IN DECISION MAKING FOR INVESTMENT 4
3.1 Strengths.................................................................................................................4
3.2 Weaknesses ............................................................................................................4
3.3 Opportunities..........................................................................................................4
3.4 Threats....................................................................................................................5
3.5 Properties of UPVC Pipes......................................................................................5
3.6 Application of UPVC Pipes ...................................................................................5
4 INDUSTRY STRUCTURE ........................................................................................... 6
4.1 Pakistan UPVC Pipes Manufacturing Industry......................................................6
4.2 Pakistan UPVC Market Outlook............................................................................7
4.3 Market of Pipe Industry in Pakistan.......................................................................7
4.4 Products and Uses ..................................................................................................8
4.5 UPVC Growth potential in Pakistan ......................................................................9
5 GLOBAL MARKET OF UPVC.................................................................................... 9
5.1 UPVC pipes manufacturing Industry, Global scenario........................................10
6 MARKETING.............................................................................................................. 11
7 PRODUCTS OFFERED .............................................................................................. 11
7.1 Production Mix ....................................................................................................11
8 PROJECT INPUTS...................................................................................................... 12
8.1 Land & Building Requirement.............................................................................12
8.2 Recommended mode............................................................................................12
8.3 Machinery & Equipment......................................................................................12
8.4 Office Furniture & Fixture and Equipments ........................................................13
8.5 Office Vehicles.....................................................................................................14
8.6 Human Resource Requirement ............................................................................14
9 PROJECT ECONOMICS ............................................................................................ 16
10 FINANCIAL ANALYSIS ........................................................................................... 17
10.1 Projected Income Statement.................................................................................17
10.2 Projected Balance Sheet.......................................................................................18
10.3 Projected Cash Flow Statement ...........................................................................19
11 KEY ASSUMPTION ................................................................................................... 20
12 ANNEXTURE ............................................................................................................. 22
12.1 Machinery Supplier..............................................................................................22
12.2 Raw Material Supplier .........................................................................................22
PREF-113/June, 2010
Pre-Feasibility Study UPVC pipes manufacturing unit
1 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
The manufacturing of UPVC pipes through extrusion process is a viable business provided
that it is operated with a good business acumen that involves having a thorough knowledge
and experience of the product range, technical requirements, operational procedures and
also managing the jobs with the right type of technical manpower. When these factors
combine with good and effective business development skills, the business is expected to
give considerable profits which are expected to grow over the years.
Piping systems are the most indispensable elements to civilized living from individual life
to industry activities i.e., they are a basic infrastructure for urban environments. In
Pakistan per capita PVC consumption in Pakistan was only 0.28 Kg compared to 7.75 Kg
in USA and 5.11 Kg in Japan. This highlights the growth potential of the PVC Pipe
manufacturing sector in Pakistan. According to Industry sources the PVC pipe
manufacturing industry has presence in all major industrial cities of Pakistan (i.e. Karachi,
Multan, Burewala, Lahore, Sialkot, Narrowal, Faisalabad, Gujranwala, Gujrat, Jhelum,
Rawalpindi & Peshawar) which consists of around 400 manufacturing units and production
of 180,000 tons per annum.
A UPVC pipes manufacturing unit needs a capital investment estimated at Rs. 20.503
million for construction and purchasing machinery & equipment. In addition to this, a sum
of Rs. 4.208 million is required as working capital, which should be used for purchasing
raw material and other inputs. The total project cost is estimated at Rs. 24.712 million. The
project has an IRR, Payback and NPV of 46%, 3.78 years and Rs. 90.074 million.
In this pre-feasibility study, all the calculations have been based on a unit with 2 Extruder
Machines with a capacity of manufacturing 3,680 kgs per day.
PREF-113/June, 2010
Pre-Feasibility Study UPVC pipes manufacturing unit
2 INTRODUCTION
2.1 Project Brief
Un Plasticized Polyvinyl Chloride (abbreviated as UPVC) was first developed in the
1930's and came to be used in pressure pipelines from the 1950's, firstly in Europe,
followed by the United States and then Australia in the 1960's. The product has now
developed to a mature status with known and respected performance history in pipeline
applications.
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3.2 Weaknesses
• Volatility of raw material prices
• Constants break down in local made machines or obsolete machines and irregular
supplies of electricity and water etc leading to high level of wastage
• Unchecked use of scrap material in pipes production which leads to inferior and
hazardous pipes
• Extreme price pressures and low margins at all levels of market leading to continuous
price wars among stakeholders to catch new customers.
• Lack of design guides and standards
• Products only manufactured by large and medium units are according to safety and
quality standards
• There is no pressure or demand from consumers to uplift and maintain quality of
products
• Unskilled labor and machine operators
• No technical expert in the field of PVC extrusion to help with machine fabrication
• No research and development in areas of development of competitive technologies.
Understanding of new technology is low.
• Supply of products is limited to small local market with limited purchasing power,
leading to manufacturing below full capacity
3.3 Opportunities
• Diversified product range
• Strong future domestic market demand for quality products
• Scope of increased penetration in other sectors as a result of awareness about its
advantages and different uses
• Possibility of market penetration (export) to neighboring countries
• Increasing interest of foreign and local investors
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• Benchmarking of market leaders for small units to up-grade their technology base
• Establishment of an information sharing/dissemination mechanism among UPVC
industry to keep them updated on international trends
3.4 Threats
• The market of UPVC remains under pressure from high energy and feed stock costs
• Irregular availability of high quality raw materials especially before a price hike
• Pakistan products do not have a good quality image
• Increasing availability of international brands in local market – aggressive competition
especially from China, Malaysia, Iran, Indonesia and India.
• Environmental legislation and other restrictions concerning the proper way to recycle
and dispose PVC products
• No training institutes at national level to guide the industry towards new technology
and product line
PREF-113/June, 2010
Pre-Feasibility Study UPVC pipes manufacturing unit
4 INDUSTRY STRUCTURE
4.1 Pakistan UPVC Pipes Manufacturing Industry
The UPVC pipes manufacturing industry has presence in all major industrial cities of
Pakistan (i.e. Karachi, Multan, Burewala, Lahore, Sialkot, Narrowal, Faisalabad,
Gujranwala, Gujrat, Jhelum, Rawalpindi & Peshawar) which consists of around 400
manufacturing units manufacturing 45,000 metric tones annually.
Major characteristics of this industry are:
• There are in around 350-400 units in Pakistan scattered all over the country.
• Major cluster of PVC Pipes manufacturing industry is in Lahore (250 units).
• Second largest cluster is in Gujrat (around 25 units).
• UPVC pipes industry has an obsolete technology base having 75% units quipped
with local single screw-extrusion machines. Rest 25% units are sing twin-screw
type refurbished old machinery of 80’s imported Western Europe.
• Few top line units are also using modern machines imported from China, Korea
and Germany.
• Total number of people directly employed in this sector is 5,000. Most of these
individuals are uneducated and acquire hands on training in the factory.
o Large Units: 25+ people
o Medium Units: 10-15 people
o Small Units: 5-7 people
• The educational level of most of the workers is under matriculation.
• Plastic pipes are the main products produced by this industry used for Water
supply, drainage, conduits and ventilation.
• The installed capacity of these units is 75,000 metric tons per year.
• Estimated production of these units is 45,000 metric tons per year.
• Total production capacity of this industry is 89.11 million kilo grams per year.
• The capacity being utilized by this industry is only 68%.
• There still exists a huge potential of more than 41,000 Metric tons usage of UPVC
pipes to serve as replacement of other products over the next five years.
• These top level manufacturers account for only 25% of the industry capacity.
• Machinery used by these processors is mainly of European origin (Refurbished).
• Unorganized sector accounts for the rest of industry capacity which are
manufacturing pipe from recycled UPVC and those who are even making pipe
from virgin UPVC resin are using exorbitant amount of filler (Calcium Carbonate)
which makes a very low quality pipe. The pipes produced by this unorganized
sector adhere to no specific standards and compete on price, sacrificing heavily on
quality.
• Industry is playing an important role in the construction, agriculture sector and
especially for transport of portable drinking water. By a large the industry is
catering to the upcoming needs of agricultural sector for irrigation.
• It has 95% penetration in the conduit sector, 65% in tube well sector and 15% and
20% in drainage and water supply sector.
• Current per capita UPVC consumption in Pakistan is only 0.28 Kg.
6
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1
EAPCL (Engro Asahi Polymer and Chemical Ltd)
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Reinforced Concrete Cement (RCC) and Ductile Iron (DI). Majority of piping applications
used in Pakistan range from 0.5" to 60" dia sizes.
In Pakistan, the UPVC Pipes are being used in four major areas: Water supply, drainage,
conduits and tube wells. The main products produced in Pakistan constitute of Polyvinyl
Chloride and UPVC Un-plasticized Polyvinyl Chloride. UPVC is used in the drinking
water supply system. PVC is used in agriculture, drainage and sanitation. These pipes
usually fall in four categories as per their composition are:
• Scrap based
• Resin based
• Scrap resin mix
• Compact type
Their sizes vary from range ½ to 16 inch diameter and PS. 3051 Standard. However, pipes
can also be divided in two categories as following:
a) Pressure pipes (Used for Water Distribution & in Tube wells)
b) Non Pressure pipes (Used for drainage/sewerage and as Conduits)
Water Distribution
Water supply can be for the purpose of household or for municipal sector. Water supply
segment can be divided into internal and external applications. The size of pipes used for
water distribution range from 0.5" to more than 60". These pipelines are commonly
known as External Water Supply lines, and are usually of AC (60%), PVC (20%), and MS
(20%). PVC has a lot of growth potential in this segment as AC pipes are now becoming
extinct in international arena and MS pipes are much expensive than PVC pipes. Usually
inside the house GI pipe are used and these lines are called Internal Water Supply lines.
2
APPMA (All Pakistan PVC Pipes Manufacturers Association)
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Tube Well
Pakistan being an agricultural country needs the use of PVC Pipes in large quantities for
the irrigation purposes, due to their inherent characteristics. Tube wells are used for water
supply or to drop the sub soil water level. Material used for this application is PVC and
MS ranging from 4" to 12" dia. PVC enjoying 65% market share due to its longer life
span in sub soil conditions dominates this segment. MS has 25% market share followed
by Fiberglas with 10% share.
At present only the most basic UPVC applications are being made in Pakistan and
that also of low quality. Reasons being:
- Lack of exposure in international markets
- Lack of information about UPVC processing and its versatility
In the global market UPVC pipes and fittings constitute the largest volume application at
36% of the marketplace. Worldwide demand for these pipes is forecasted to increase more
than four percent per year through 2007. In the European pipe market, plastic pipes rank
first among other materials and globally plastic pipes are used at about 54% of the total
pipes used. Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) takes the lion's share at around 62% of the global
market. Polyethylene (PE) has 33.5%, while polypropylene (PP) takes about 4.5%. In
Europe, 1.5 million tons of UPVC was used in 2002 to make pipes. Similarly in case of
USA pipe demand is projected to grow 2.5% annually to 15.5 billion feet in 2007.
PREF-113/June, 2010
Pre-Feasibility Study UPVC pipes manufacturing unit
France, USA and Mexico have been the top importers of UPVC pipes over the past few
years, contributing to approximately 35% of world imports.
USA, Germany and Canada are the top three exporters of UPVC pipes, contributing to
32% of world exports.
3
Source PCTAS, HS Code 391723
4
Source PCTAS, HS Code 391723
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6 MARKETING
Almost 40-50% of the total industry production was purchased by institutional buyers
including government departments and remaining 50-55% was sold through conventional
market channels. Manufacturers generally distribute pipes using a network of wholesalers
who then sell to retailers and large customers. The higher quality manufacturers usually
appoint two or three well-reputed entities with past experience and sound financial position
as their wholesalers in larger cities, who also serve adjacent rural areas. However, these top
tier manufacturers service large volume orders from the public sector directly. The
unorganized sector manufacturers on the other hand appoint a host of relatively small
dealers. Wholesalers generally operate on a manufacturer margin calculated as a
percentage of gross prices. Margins are pegged to the off take volumes and larger orders
attract higher margins.
Most of the small units tend to be established close to the market to reduce freight costs. In
an endeavor to boost sales in a non-differentiation market, manufacturers generally resort
to credit sale. This phenomenon is especially very common in the unorganized sector. The
organized sector manufacturers are more selective while forwarding credit and limit this
facility for larger orders and selective customers. Due to restricted quality product being
available in the market, higher quality producers can place their pipes without offering
significant credit terms and cash on delivery basis. 40% of all sales are on payment on
delivery basis while 60% on some form of credit basis ranging from 7 – 30 days. Some
producers may also move product on order basis, where product is pre sold at the time of
being manufactured, but these types of sales exists in high turnover periods only.
Pricing of UPVC pipes is on the basis of resin content and a distinct pattern emerges when
higher quality product prices are studied closely - across all dia ranges, the price per
kilogram will remain constant for any one producer. As the cost of resin increases or
decreases, the price per kilogram of pipe also moves accordingly, showing that
manufacturers are content with such pricing basis and are not sensitive to actual production
processes.
7 PRODUCTS OFFERED
The proposed project will be capable of making UPVC pipes of different sizes. Commonly
manufactured sizes shall be 3", 4"and 6".
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8 PROJECT INPUTS
Following inputs are required:
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The above table gives the details of the machinery required along with their cost for each
commodity to be produced. For machinery purchase, following supplier can be contacted.
PREF-113/June, 2010
Pre-Feasibility Study UPVC pipes manufacturing unit
Considering the size of the proposed establishment it is assumed that the owner would be
managing the overall affairs of the pipes manufacturing setup. An accountant is required to
process and check bills, invoices, receivables management, maintain accounts, etc. for
external and internal reporting. The accountant is required to update records and ensure
safe custody of store keys.
The purchaser would be primarily responsible for making daily purchases; raw material
purchases and other purchases as and when required. The purchaser would also assist the
accountant in the safe custody of all inventories in the storeroom. The office assistant
would be responsible for handling customers & complaints, follow-up on bills and
managing all day to day activities. Two round the clock security guards would be required
for ensuring security for the overall premises.
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The following table gives the details for the proposed technical labor that forms the
integral part of the total employee payroll:
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9 PROJECT ECONOMICS
Equity Project
Internal Rate of Return (IRR) 59% 46%
Payback Period (yrs) 3.40 3.78
Net Present Value (NPV) 52,979,229 90,074,431
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10 FINANCIAL ANALYSIS
10.1 Projected Income Statement
Calculations SMEDA
Income Statement
Rs. in actuals
Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5 Year 6 Year 7 Year 8 Year 9 Year 10
Revenue 99,632,403 125,320,235 150,431,933 179,312,767 212,465,449 250,455,540 293,918,995 343,570,584 400,213,302 464,748,858
Cost of sales
Cost of goods sold 1 76,811,822 94,420,098 110,764,109 129,028,609 149,409,735 172,122,245 197,401,201 225,503,814 256,711,436 291,331,743
Operation costs 1 (direct labor) 2,328,000 2,554,657 2,803,382 3,076,324 3,375,839 3,704,515 4,065,192 4,460,985 4,895,313 5,371,927
Operating costs 2 (machinery maintenance) 468,038 959,477 1,475,488 2,017,300 2,586,203 3,183,550 3,810,765 4,469,341 5,160,846 5,886,925
Operating costs 3 (direct electricity Generator & Indutrial) 5,067,821 6,132,063 7,358,476 8,768,850 10,387,715 12,242,664 14,364,726 16,788,773 19,553,983 22,704,347
Total cost of sales 84,675,681 104,066,295 122,401,455 142,891,083 165,759,492 191,252,975 219,641,885 251,222,913 286,321,578 325,294,943
Gross Profit 14,956,722 21,253,940 28,030,478 36,421,685 46,705,957 59,202,565 74,277,110 92,347,671 113,891,725 139,453,915
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Calculations SMEDA
Balance Sheet
Rs. in actuals
Year 0 Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5 Year 6 Year 7 Year 8 Year 9 Year 10
Assets
Current assets
Cash & Bank 500,000 - 1,409,265 8,010,507 18,758,203 34,060,785 59,162,409 92,880,131 137,260,889 194,726,808 289,722,676
Accounts receivable 8,188,965 9,244,629 11,332,281 13,551,152 16,100,475 19,024,150 22,371,556 26,198,202 30,566,461 35,546,390
Finished goods inventory 3,681,551 4,352,583 5,117,831 5,972,939 6,927,262 7,991,071 9,175,640 10,493,340 11,957,746 13,583,745
Equipment spare part inventory 19,502 41,977 67,780 97,303 130,981 169,296 212,783 262,034 317,705 380,523 -
Raw material inventory 3,200,493 4,130,879 5,088,226 6,223,614 7,567,019 9,153,185 11,022,354 13,221,105 15,803,321 18,831,298 -
Pre-paid insurance 488,038 437,234 386,430 335,626 284,823 266,229 212,983 159,737 106,492 53,246 -
Total Current Assets 4,208,032 16,480,606 20,548,913 31,117,163 46,265,118 66,677,233 97,625,750 138,070,203 190,179,949 256,516,082 338,852,811
Fixed assets
Land 3,280,000 3,280,000 3,280,000 3,280,000 3,280,000 3,280,000 3,280,000 3,280,000 3,280,000 3,280,000 3,280,000
Building/Infrastructure 5,860,000 5,567,000 5,274,000 4,981,000 4,688,000 4,395,000 4,102,000 3,809,000 3,516,000 3,223,000 2,930,000
Machinery & equipment 9,360,750 8,424,675 7,488,600 6,552,525 5,616,450 4,680,375 3,744,300 2,808,225 1,872,150 936,075 -
Furniture & fixtures 190,000 171,000 152,000 133,000 114,000 95,000 76,000 57,000 38,000 19,000 -
Office vehicles 400,000 320,000 240,000 160,000 80,000 644,204 515,363 386,522 257,682 128,841 -
Office equipment 191,500 172,350 153,200 134,050 114,900 95,750 76,600 57,450 38,300 19,150 -
Total Fixed Assets 19,282,250 17,935,025 16,587,800 15,240,575 13,893,350 13,190,329 11,794,263 10,398,197 9,002,131 7,606,065 6,210,000
Intangible assets
Pre-operation costs 1,221,286 977,029 732,772 488,514 244,257 - - - - - -
Total Intangible Assets 1,221,286 977,029 732,772 488,514 244,257 - - - - - -
TOTAL ASSETS 24,711,568 35,392,660 37,869,484 46,846,252 60,402,724 79,867,561 109,420,013 148,468,400 199,182,080 264,122,147 345,062,810
Liabilities & Shareholders' Equity
Current liabilities
Accounts payable 6,694,744 8,263,198 9,744,700 11,403,609 13,259,048 15,332,131 17,646,173 20,226,919 23,102,803 24,428,932
Short term debt - 3,274,938 - - - - - - - - -
Total Current Liabilities - 9,969,682 8,263,198 9,744,700 11,403,609 13,259,048 15,332,131 17,646,173 20,226,919 23,102,803 24,428,932
Other liabilities
Deferred tax 1,067,605 (315,736) (2,890,582) (6,752,682) (12,273,257) (20,213,158) (30,662,884) (44,203,753) (61,522,587) (83,600,839)
Long term debt (Project Loan) 10,251,768 8,796,775 7,091,130 5,091,651 2,747,721 - - - - - -
Long term debt (Working Capital Loan) 2,104,016 - - - - - - - - - -
Total Long Term Liabilities 12,355,784 9,864,380 6,775,393 2,201,069 (4,004,961) (12,273,257) (20,213,158) (30,662,884) (44,203,753) (61,522,587) (83,600,839)
Shareholders' equity
Paid-up capital 12,355,784 12,355,784 12,355,784 12,355,784 12,355,784 12,355,784 12,355,784 12,355,784 12,355,784 12,355,784 12,355,784
Retained earnings 3,202,814 10,475,109 22,544,699 40,648,293 66,525,986 101,945,256 149,129,327 210,803,130 290,186,148 391,878,934
Total Equity 12,355,784 15,558,598 22,830,893 34,900,483 53,004,077 78,881,770 114,301,040 161,485,111 223,158,914 302,541,931 404,234,718
TOTAL CAPITAL AND LIABILITIES 24,711,568 35,392,660 37,869,484 46,846,252 60,402,724 79,867,561 109,420,013 148,468,400 199,182,080 264,122,147 345,062,810
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Calculations SMEDA
Cash Flow Statement
Rs. in actuals
Year 0 Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5 Year 6 Year 7 Year 8 Year 9 Year 10
Operating activities
Net profit 3,202,814 7,272,295 12,069,591 18,103,593 25,877,693 35,419,270 47,184,071 61,673,803 79,383,018 101,692,787
Add: depreciation expense 1,347,225 1,347,225 1,347,225 1,347,225 1,347,225 1,396,066 1,396,066 1,396,066 1,396,066 1,396,066
amortization of pre-operating costs 244,257 244,257 244,257 244,257 244,257 - - - - -
amortization of training costs - - - - - - - - - -
Deferred income tax 1,067,605 (1,383,341) (2,574,846) (3,862,100) (5,520,575) (7,939,902) (10,449,726) (13,540,869) (17,318,834) (22,078,252)
Accounts receivable (8,188,965) (1,055,664) (2,087,652) (2,218,871) (2,549,323) (2,923,676) (3,347,406) (3,826,646) (4,368,259) (4,979,929)
Finished goods inventory (3,681,551) (671,031) (765,248) (855,108) (954,323) (1,063,809) (1,184,569) (1,317,700) (1,464,405) (1,625,999)
Equipment inventory (19,502) (22,476) (25,803) (29,523) (33,678) (38,315) (43,487) (49,251) (55,671) (62,818) 380,523
Raw material inventory (3,200,493) (930,387) (957,347) (1,135,388) (1,343,405) (1,586,166) (1,869,168) (2,198,751) (2,582,217) (3,027,977) 18,831,298
Advance insurance premium (488,038) 50,804 50,804 50,804 50,804 18,594 53,246 53,246 53,246 53,246 53,246
Accounts payable 6,694,744 1,568,455 1,481,501 1,658,909 1,855,439 2,073,083 2,314,042 2,580,746 2,875,884 1,326,129
Cash provided by operations (3,708,032) (215,930) 6,389,849 8,600,721 13,091,626 18,694,507 25,101,623 33,717,722 44,380,758 57,465,919 94,995,868
Financing activities
Project Loan - principal repayment (1,454,993) (1,705,646) (1,999,478) (2,343,930) (2,747,721) - - - - -
Working Capital Loan - principal repayment (2,104,016) - - - - - - - - -
Short term debt principal repayment - (3,274,938) - - - - - - - -
Additions to Project Loan 10,251,768 - - - - - - - - - -
Additions to Working Capital Loan 2,104,016 - - - - - - - - - -
Issuance of shares 12,355,784 - - - - - - - - - -
Cash provided by / (used for) financing activities 24,711,568 (3,559,009) (4,980,584) (1,999,478) (2,343,930) (2,747,721) - - - - -
Investing activities
Capital expenditure (20,503,536) - - - - (644,204) - - - - -
Cash (used for) / provided by investing activities (20,503,536) - - - - (644,204) - - - - -
NET CASH 500,000 (3,774,938) 1,409,265 6,601,242 10,747,696 15,302,582 25,101,623 33,717,722 44,380,758 57,465,919 94,995,868
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Pre-Feasibility Study UPVC pipes manufacturing unit
11 KEY ASSUMPTION
Table 11-1: Operating Assumptions
Hours operational per day 8
Days operational per month 25
Days operational per year 300
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12 ANNEXTURE
12.1 Machinery Supplier
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