A

Seminar Report
On
Unmanned Aircraft
Systems
Presented by:
Sarfaraz Ahmad Ansari
B.Tech (7th semester-ECE)
2813331005

1
 What is the Unmanned Aircraft System?

UAS is the term introduced by the Federal

Aviation Administration (FAA) & adopted by
United States Department of Defense (DOD) &
Civil Aviation Authority(UK).
Detects fire with infrared imaging sensors
High altitude aircraft controlled by personnel
on ground. Generally used for
scientific/commercial research missions
 History of the UAS

• The earliest unmanned aerial vehicle was

Hewitt-Sperry Automatic Airplane after World
War 1.
• Initially used for military and national defense.
• Over the years technology has been a major
contribution to the unmanned aircraft work in
progress.
• The modern Remote Piloted Vehicle (RPV) era
began in 1959.
 History
 1923 First radio controlled flight
 1944 First use of a cruise missile in combat
(Fieseler Fi 103)
 1946 First UAV used in the science research
role (Northrop QP-61)
 1959 First UAV used in the reconnaissance
role
 1998 First trans-Atlantic crossing by an
unmanned aircraft (Insitu Aerosonde)
 - 2001 First trans-Pacific crossing by an
 Introduction of UAS

• It consist of Unmanned Aircraft(UA), the Control

System & other related support equipment.
• It also called Unmanned Aerial Vehicle(UAV),Drones,
Remotely Piloted Vehicle (RPV).
• Example:- RQ-7 SHADOW, RQ-5HUNTER, RQ-11
RAVEN etc.
• They can perform an increasingly sophisticated array
of missions due to their small size and decreased
radar.
 How UAS Works
• Collects Data
• Processes it into images
• Sends images via satellite to fire command
centers
 Purposes for UAS
• Firefighting
• Police Disturbances (crime scenes, etc)
• Reconnaissance Support in natural disasters ie:
hurricanes, mudslides
• Surveillance (in war zones)
• UAS systems often preferred for missions that
are too “dull, dirty or dangerous” for manned
aircraft.
 UAV classification
• Target and decoy - providing ground and aerial
gunnery a target that simulates an enemy aircraft
or missile
• Reconnaissance - providing battlefield intelligence
• Combat - providing attack capability for high-risk
missions
• Logistics - UAVs specifically designed for cargo
and logistics operation
• Civil and Commercial UAVs - UAVs specifically
designed for civil and commercial applications
 Raven
• Mission
The RQ-11 Raven Small
Unmanned Aircraft System
is a small man-portable UAS
that performs
reconnaissance, surveillance,
and target acquisition
missions for Air Force
Special Operations
Command Battlefield
Airmen and Air Force
security forces.
Features
Characteristics
• General Characteristics
 Primary Function:
 The Raven has two air Situational awareness and
vehicles or AVs, a ground direct target information
control unit, remote video
terminal and support  Power Plant: Electric Motor,
equipment. rechargeable lithium ion
Two specially trained Airmen batteries
operate the Raven AV.
 Wingspan: 4.5 feet (1.37 meters)

 The Raven includes a color  Speed: 30-60 mph

electro-optical camera and
an infrared camera for  Range: 8-12 km (4.9-7.45 miles)
night operations. Endurance: 60-90 minutes
System Cost:  approximately $173,000
 Shadow

• Performance:
• The Shadow 200 is a
small, lightweight,
• Speed :194.5km/h
tactical UAV system.
The system is • Endurance :5 to 7 hours
comprised of air • Mission Radius: 200km
vehicles, modular • Maximum Speed :
mission payloads, 219km/h
ground control stations,
launch and recovery
equipment.
 MQ-1 Predator
• Mission
The MQ-1 Predator is a
medium-altitude, long-
endurance, unmanned
aircraft system 
• The MQ-1's primary
mission is interdiction
and conducting armed
reconnaissance against
critical, perishable
targets
 MQ-1 Predator
• General Characteristics
• Features
Length: 27 feet (8.22 meters)
• The basic crew for the
Predator is one pilot and two
sensor operators. • Height: 6.9 feet (2.1 meters)

• The aircraft is equipped • Weight: 1,130 pounds

with a color nose camera
(generally used by the pilot
for flight control), a day
variable-aperture TV
camera, a variable-aperture
infrared camera (for low
light/night), and other
sensors as the mission
requires.  The cameras
produce full-motion video.
• Fuel Capacity: 665 pounds
(100 gallons)
Payload: 450 pounds (204
kilograms)
Speed: Maximum speed up to
135 mph
 An Unmanned System is
a Network-Enabled System

• Multiple vehicle control with single operator

• Communications (connectivity, bandwidth)
 UAS Applications

• Weather Reconnaissance
• Aerosonde UAS currently in use for Weather
Reconnaissance
• Civil applications : Forest fire detection,
pollution detection, agriculture, fishing,
etc...
• Localized Surveillance
• Traffic Helicopter: e.g. Bell JetRanger
 What is Autonomy?
• Recent emerging field

• Ability to make decisions without human

intervention

• Goal: tech machines to be “smart” and act

more like humans.
How is UAS better than other methods ?
 They can perform an increasingly sophisticated array of
missions due to their small size and decreased radar,
acoustical, and infrared signatures.
• Maximum flight hours 30+
• 3000lb fuel capacity
• Fly above 52,000ft
• Operate at night
• Above Smoke

• With a continuing trend of miniaturization in electronics and

other components, the RPV can be made much smaller and
cheaper
 2015 and Beyond

 UAS operations dominate some aviation sectors

–Particularly those “dirty, dull or dangerous”

 Commercial UAS applications steadily grow
–Driven by “business cases” for reduced cost

 Consumers becoming increasingly receptive to reduced human

presence in aircraft.
–Passenger flights with a single “supervisory” pilot
–Cargo operations without an on-board pilot
More Benefits to
Autonomy field

• High Reliability
– Control system
• Helps prepare
maps to assist in • In fires: is able to
planning efforts fly above path of
• Undetected at high air tankers and
altitudes. helicopters
fighting fire below.
 Interesting Facts
• In UK, BAE Systems announced
UAS to be used for police/coastal
work as soon as 2012
• National Oceanic Atmospheric
Administration began using
“Aerosonde” UAS as “Hurricane
Hunter”
Span of Unmanned Capacity
 Alternative Uses for UAS
• Predicting weather
• Go into hurricanes (above)
for quick information
• Track air pollution
 Emerging Opportunities
• Battlefield Communications
– Enabling reliable, secure
direct communications with
global maritime forces

• Missile Defense
– Providing earlier
launch detection and
tracking to improve
intercept opportunities
 Conclusion
UAV Systems are newcomers in
the Air Traffic

Developments made for UAV

Systems (automatic modes,
enhanced situation awareness, ...)
might reciprocally be beneficial to
other civil aviation applications.
THANK YOU