CHAPTER ( ONE )

NARRATIVE

Kompentensi Dasar

Memahami monolog lisan terutama dalam wacana berbentuk narrative.

Indikator

1. melengkapi teks dengan kata-kata yang benar berdasarkan teks lisan .

2. memahami isi teks dengan menjawab pertanyaan- pertanyaan berdasarkan teks lisan .
3. merespon berbagai teks berbentuk narrative

CYCLE 1 : LISTENING/SPEAKING
I. BUILDING KNOWLEDGE OF FIELD

Study the picture below, then answer the question orally.

Gold fish : “thank you ve helpe me “.

Fisherman : “what have I done for you ?”
Gold fish : “ you escaped me from the jail . now, let
me go and I promise to repay it “

1. what did the fisheman catch ? Answer ………………………………………..

2. What did the fisherman talk to ? Answer ……………………………………...
3. Why did the goldfish say thanking for him ? Answer ……………………………
4. Did the fishferman carry the fish to his house ? Answer …………………………
5. What did the gold fish promise ? Answer ……………………………………….

II. MODELLING OF TEXTS

Once a man named batara guru sahala lived in batak land. One day caught a fish. To his
surprise, he found that the fish could talk it begged sahala to set free. Sahala did it accordingly.
As soon as the fish was the fish was free, it changed into a woman. She was so beautiful
that the man fell in love with her at once. He asked her to marry him. The woman agree.however,
she fold him that he never let out the secret that she was once a fish. Sahala promised her that he
would not tell anyone about it.
They were happy married and had two daughters. Every morning, sahala went out fishing.
His daughters would bring him his lunch. One day , however.,instead of bringing the food to their
father the girls ate it. When sahala learnt what they had done with his meal, he got very angry he
shouted at them, saying, ‘you behave exactly like daughters of a fish.
The girls did not know what their father meant. They went home and asked their mother
about it. When they told her what he said she was very annoyed Although sahala apologized to
her later. She would not forgive him for breaking his promise.
Then the earth began to tremble, and voicanoes started to erupt.the earth cracked to form a
big hole, people said this hole became lake toba.
( take from curriculum English SMA book 3)

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1. what does the text mainly about ?
a. How the earth cracked to form a big hole .
b. How the volcanoes erupted in batak land.
c. How a fish changed into a beatiul woman.
d. How happy the married couple, Sahala and his wife.
e. How lake toba was originally formed in Batak land.
2. The woman agreed to marry sahala with one condition, that is …
a. The woman promised to keep their secret.
b. Sahala has to tell everybody that his wife once was a fish.
c. Sahala should not tell anyone that the woman once was a fish.
d. Sahala never promised anyone to tell the secret about his wife
e. The woman would change into fish again if she broke her promise.
3. when they told her what he said, she was very annoyed.”( par ,5 ) what does the
underlined word mean ?
a. angry
b. happy
c. relieved
d. contented
e. disappointed.

THE LOST CATERPILLAR

Seven worn are walking happily. Thaeir mother is leading them. They have just
had their breakfast on a big tree near a river. “ Come on, children. Let’s go home, “
mama worm says.
Suddenly, a cricket says, “ your last chills is ugly?” asks Mama worm. Then she
looks at the child. He is not the same as her other chidren. “ hey, ugly!” she says, “ you ar
not my child Go away !”.
The little brown worm walks a way. He is very sad. When he is near a lake, he
looks into the water.
“ Oh, how ugly I am,” he cries.
“ You are not ugly,” says a voice,”Oh, I find you, My child.”
The worn looks around. There is a beautiful bid caterpillar and her children. They
all look the same as he.
“They may call you ugly,” says Mother Caterpillar,”But you are the most beautiful child
in the world. One day, you will turn into a beautiful butterfly.”
(taken from fun plus 01 )
Answer the following questions based on the text above.
1. What is the title of the text ?
2. What is the tense used in the text ?
3. what is the setting/orientation ?
4. what is the complication ?
5. What is the resolution ?
6. How does the story end? Is a happy or sad Ending story ?
7. What moral value you can get from the text

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 Donald’s New Hat

One day, daisy decided to buy Donald a new hat. you hat is so old-fashioned!” she
said ‘Come on, I’ii buy you a new one.”
Donald know that Daisy was right, so he agreed to go a hat shop. As they went in,
Daisy took off his old hat .”Hey, what’s going on?”
“I’m taking off your old hat because it’s so ugly, We don’t want the assistant to see
you wearing it, do we?” Said daisy, Donald just said,”Er…no…. I mean, you’re right, we
don’t”
In fact, Donald was very fond of his old hat, although he didn’t mind getting a new
one if Daisy paid for it. The trouble was this : there wasn’t any hat in the shop that
Donaldliked he tried many hats, he felt that all the hats looked silly on him.
The shop assistant was getting tired of serving Donald, but he took another hat and
showed it to him.” What about this one, sir? I’am sure You’ll like it.”
“I quite agree!” said Donald happy.Do you know why ? Because that hat looked
Exactly the same as his old one ! poor Daisy, she wasn’t very happy, But she had to pay
for that hat. She promised she would buy a new hat for Donald didn’t she?
(Adapted from Disneys’s time annual )

III. JOINT CONSTRUCTION.

In this stage you are supposed to work in groups. Now, you have to arrange a short story to
tell in front of the class. Discuss with your friends what the story is about. You can tell about
fairy story, adventure, mystery, or others. You can also use pictures or flash cards to make your
story more interesting.
Show to your teacher the result you have made. Retell the story individually in your group.
Pay attention to the intonation, pronunciation, mimic and gesture to make the story alive.
Listen to any constructive comments or advice from your teacher or friends.

IV. INDIPENDENT CONTRUCTION

Make narrative story individually and then tell it in front of the class.
a. Purpose of the text ( Tujuan teks ) :
To entertain / to amuse the reader and to deal with actual or vicarious experience in
deferent ways.
• Menghibur / menyenangkan pembaca , pendengar dengan sebuah cerita.
• Jenisnya : fable, fairy tale, legend, myth, novel dll.
b. Generic structure ( kerangka umum )
• Orientation = Pengenalan pada tokoh cerita ( who, when, where )
• Complication = Cerita tersebut mengalami masalah / konflik.
• Resolution = Penyelesaian masalah tersebut.
• Re orientation = Akhir cerita ( senang atau sedih ).
( Optional ) Bagian reorientation bersifat optional artinya boleh disertakan
boleh juga tidak.
c.Gramatical Features ( ciri kebahasaan )
• Menggunakan Noun dan Pronoun tertentu.
Contoh = King, Priceess, stepsisters, house work dsb.
• Menggunakan specific participant ( tokoh / pelaku tertentu )
Contoh = Cinderella, Snow white, Aladin dsb.
• Menggunakan Adjective ( kata sifat ) berguna untuk membentuk Noun phrase frase
( kata benda ).
Contoh = Beautiful white skinned lady.
• Menggunakan time connective dan temporal conjunction
Contoh = Then, When, Suddenly ; one upon atime.
• Menggunakan adverb danadverbial phrase untuk menunjukan lokasi kejadian atau
peristiwa.
Contoh = Here, There, at home, in the jungle, happily ever after.
• Menggunakan Action Verb dan past tense ( V2, was, where )
Contoh = Lived, Drank, Wrote dsb.

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 • Menggunakan Saying Verb, yang menandai ucapan
Contoh = Said, Told, Promised.
• Menggunakan thinking Verb, yang menandai pikiran, persepsi atau perasaan tokoh.
Contoh = Thought, Fert dsb.

CYCLE 2 : READING / WRITING

I. BUILDING KNOWLEDGE OF FIELD

The first step of the second cycle we will discuss is about the narrative texts in written form. Read
the following questions,and discuss the answer with your friend.

a. How is the language used in the narrative written texts ?

b. Mention any kinds of narrative texts ; are the languages the same ?
c. How is the writer related to his readers ?
d. What sorts of The text features are used in the narrative texts ?
e. Are there anny differences shown between spoken an written form ?
Based on the model text given by your theacer, read and think all the questions above. Check your
answer wheter they appropriate with the narrative text above ?

Cinderella

Once upon a time there was a beautiful girl named Cinderella who lived with her stepmother
and two stepsisters. They were very bossy. They made her do all the housework. One day an
invitation to the ball came to the family. Her stepsisters did not let her go,and left her alone.
Cinderella was very sad and couldn’t help crying.
Fortunately, the fairy godmother came and helped her to get to the ball. Magically she could
change a pumpkin into a fine coach and mice into a coachman and two footmen. Her godmother
tapped Cinderella’s ragged dress with her wand, and it became abeautiful ball gown. Then she gave
her a pair of pretty glass slippers. She said, ”Now Cinderella, you must leave before midnight.
”Then away she drove in her beautiful coach.
At the ball. Cinderella was having a wonderfully good time. She danced again with the king’s
son. Suddenly, the clock began to strike twelve. She ran towards the door as quickly as she could.
In the her hurry, one of her glass slippers came off and was left behind.
A few days later the king’s son proclaimed he would marry the girl whose foot fitted the
glass slipper. The king’s page came to Cinderella’s house. Her stepsiters tried on the slipper but it
was to small. The king’s page then let Cinderella try on the slipper and it fitted perfectly.
Finally, she was drien to the palace. The king’s son was overjoyed to see her again. They
were married and lived happily ever after.

EXERCISES

1. What is the kind of the text ?

a. Table
b. Myth
c. Folk tale
d. Legend
e. Fairy tale
2. .Which statement is NOT TRUE according to the text ?
a. Cinderella lived with her stepsisters
b. Cinderella felt annoyed with her stepsisters
c. Cinderella was helped by fairy to get to ball
d. Cinderella was helped by her stepsisters to doall the housework
e. Cinderella felt happy with her husband
3.Where did Cinderella meet the king’s son at the first time ?
a. At the market
b. At the ball
c. On the street
d. At the party
e. At her home

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 4.The text above is classified as a/an…story
a. Sad ending
b. Happy ending
c. Funny ending
d. Tragic ending
e. Endless
5.What does the word “ bossy” mean ?
a. Furious
b. Arrogant
c. Sensitive
d. Offensive
e. Domineering
ESSAY

1. Who is the main character of the text ?

2. What did the fairy godmother do help Cinderella ?
3. How was the characteristic Cinderella ?
4. What is the communicative purpose of the text ?
5. Name each paragraph by using “Generic Struture” !

PAINTING THE WALL

One morning , one of the witch’s friends came over to visit. When she looked around the room, she
said “Your house is ugly. My house is more beautiful than yours, and the walls are brighter. ”The
witch was very angry when she heard fins and she shouted,”Get out my house ! And don’t ever
come back here ! “

After her friend left, the witch looked around her house and said to herself,” My friend was right.
My house looks ugly and the paint is faded- I have to repaint it. ”Then she went to the shop and
bought a can of paint.

After lunch she started to paint, and she work very carefully. In the afternoon she finished the lower
part of her house. When she wanted to start painting the upper part she found out that she couldn’t
reach it. Then she idea. I will use my magic broom ! “ She shouted, “ Broom , oh my broom, turn
into paint brush and paint my walls ! “

Suddenly the broom turned into a paint brush and it started to paint the upper walls. It worked very
fast, and in ten minutes all the job was done. The Witch was very happy.

Activity 2. Answer the following question !

1. What is the text about ?

2. Identify the parts of the generic structure of the above text ?
3. What does’ this ‘ in line three refer to ?
4. what does ‘it’ in line ten refer to ?
5. How did the witch solve the problem ?

WORK ON GRAMMAR

Simple Past Tense

Study this example :

Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart was an Austrian musician And composer. He lived from 1756 to
1791. he started composing at age of five and wrote more than 600 pieces of music. He was only 35
years old when he died.

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Grammar File
Pay attention to the verbs in bold. They are past tense which is used to is used state an activity
which happened in the past.
The pattern of simple past tense is
(+) Subject + Verb 2 + Object
(–) Subject + did not + Verb 1 + Object
(?) Did + Subject + Verb 1 + Object ?

WORK ON GRAMMAR
¾Kompetensin Dasar :
• Memahami wacana transaksional dan obrolan mengarah kepada variasi makna
interpesipnal.
• Mengungkapkan makna dengan wacana transaksional yang mengarah kepada makna
interpeseonal.
¾Indikator :
• Membuat kalimat yang memuat ungkapan meminta pendapat dan mengungkapkan
pendapat.

Direct and indirect speech

PRACTICE

Study the following charts of direct and reported speech then do the exercises that follow.
STATEMENT

Direct speech
• She says, “ I speak France.”
• He tell her, “ I want some sugar.”
• My sister says, “ I don’t do that.”
• Ani tell me, “ I cannot go to the concert.”
Indirect Speech
• She said ( that ) she spoke France.
• He told her ( that ) he wanted some sugar.
• My sister said ( that ) she didn’t do that.
• Ani told me that she couldn’t go to concert.

QUESTIONS
Direct speech
• “Why did you do that ?” mother exclaimed.
• “Who is father ? “ she asks.
• “Are you listening to me ?” he asked
• “Can you fix his watch ?” she asked he
Indirect Speech
• Mother exclaimed why I had done that.
• She asked me who his father was.
• He asked whether / if was listening to him
• She asked me whether / if I could fix that watch

IMPERATIVE
Direct speech
• “Don’t come to the meeting late, “ he reminds us
• “Stop talking!” the headmaster told us.
Indirect Speech
• He reminded us not come to the meeting late
• The headmaster told us to stop talking

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 Usually verbs such as told, said, asked are used in indirect speech. They are called reporting verbs.
Other words commonly used as well are :
ask Wonder Predict
Want to know Explain Remember
Inform Announce Order

Do You Remember ?
When the reporting verbs are in simple present, perfect or future, there is no change of tense the
word reported.
She says, “ I’m hungry.” She says she is hungry
He said , “ I watch TV everyday.” He has said he said he watches Tv everyday
“ He says, “ I will sit here.” He says he will sit there

II. MODELING OF TEXTS

In the secord step you will read some narrative texts. And then discuss them . you can discuss
with your partner or do by yourself for the following exercises, then discuss your answers with
other friends. Your teacher will lead you to this discussion.

THE MAGICIAN AND THE BANANAS

Long ago there lived a man called Nai Ha thong. He loved gold more than anything else in the
word. Nai ha Thong had a wife and family , but he spent all this time trying to discover the secret of
making gold. Before long , he had used up all his money and all his wife’s money, and the children
began to look pale from lack of food.
Nai ha thong’s wife went to see her father. He told her to send Nai Ha thong to Visit Him. When
his son-in-law came to the house ,the old man did not scold him. Instead, he spoke gently . He said ,”
didn’t know you were interested in magic. It interested me too. In fact, I have discovered the secret of
making gold.”
This excited Nai Ha thong. He asked his father-in law to tell his the secret.
“Alas,” said the old man ,”I have almost everything I need to make gold, but three is one thing
missing, and the old man. Of course, if someone would help…”
“I’ll help,” said Nai Ha thong.”Just tell me what to do.”
“ Well, in that case, I’ll let you on the secret. What we need are three kilos of the white fluff from
under banana leaves. These leaves must be from your own banana trees. When you have the fluff, bring
it to me and we will make our gold.”
Nai Ha thong was so pleased to hear this that he hurried and told his wife. The next day they
started planting banana trees. Soon the tree grew tall. When they were fully grown. Nai Ha thong
carefully scraped the white fluff from under each leaf. He did not notice that his wife and children were
picking the bananas and taking them to the market.
At the end of three years Nai Ha thong had collected only half a kilo of fluff. It was very hard
work, but he kept his mind on the gold he and his father-in law would make some day. He and his wife
planted more banana trees so he could collect more fluff each year. At last, after ten years, Nai ha thong
had collected the tree kilos of white fluff. He put in a large jar and took it to his father-in-law’s house.
“ I see you have followed my instructions very carefully and worked very hard,”said the father-
in-law. Now there is only one more thing to do. Open that door over there.”
When Nai Ha thong opened the door he found a room full of good. His wife and children wife,
smilling.
“ you have become a rich man,”nai ha thong’s father-in-law told him.”Now go home and help
your wife look after the banana trees. You have turn bananas into gold.”

PRACTICE
Put one word or words from the story above in eash empty place in these sentences.
1. Nai Ha thong loved …………more than anything else.
2. The old man in the story was Nai ha thong’s………….
3. the old man told Nai ha thong that he need three……………….of whitefluff.
4. In order to make gold, Nai Ha thong Needed to grow many…………………
5. It Took Nai ha thong …………………..years to collect enough fluff.
6. in the end, Nai ha thong became a rich man because ……….

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Activity 1;
1. Underline all the verbs that describe the direct speech !
2. Find two examples of adverbs which describe the manner of speaking!
3. Find examples of verbs which describe what a speaker was doing !

III. JOIN CONSTRUCTION

In the third step, you came to “joint construction. “ in this step you are supposed to work in group.
You have to make an interesting narrative story/text. Your text can be fairy, fable, adventure,
romance, mystery story, etc.

Activity 1 :
Make group of four.in groups, write a story you have ever heard or read before!
The story plan below may help you.
Title
Orientation : when?where? who?
…………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………
Complication : what was the problem?
…………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………
Action : How did they solve the problem ?
…………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………
Resolution : How did the story end ?
…………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………

IV. INDEPENDENT CONSTRUCTION

In this step you have to make your own narrative text individually. Decide the main idea, the generic
structure element, grammar, vocabularies and the other language features. You may use media. If you
take the story from particular sources, you have to write the source of the story( bibliography).
You should consult the story to your teacher whether it has been good enough or not . if not you must
revise it. After that you can keep it in the available place. So that,it is easier for your friends to read
and give constructive comments. You have been a successful and open minded student because you
are able to receive the advice and valuable critics from your friends.
USE THE FOLLOWING STEP !
• Orientation
Who/what ?
Where ?when ?
• Complication 1.
What happened one day ?
• Resolution 1.
What happened then ?
• Complication 2.
And then ?
• Resolution 2.
What happened next ?
• Reorientation
What is the end of the story ?
How is the ending ?
Happy or sad ?

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 CHAPTER II (TWO)
REPORT TEXT

Kompentensi Dasar

1. Merespon makna yang terdapat dalam teks lisan fungsional pendek resmi dan tak resmi secara akurat,
lancar dan berterima dalam berbagai konteks kehidupan sehari-hari
2. Mengungkapkan makna dalam teks lisan fungsional pendek resmi dan tak resmi secara akurat, lancar dan
berterima dalam berbagai konteks kehidupan sehari-hari.
3. Merespon makna dalam teks fungsional pendek (misalnya banner, poster, pamphlet, dll.) resmi dan tak
resmi yang menggunakan ragam bahasa tulis secara akurat, lancar dan berterima dalam konteks
kehidupan sehari-hari.
4. Mengungkapkan makna dalam bentuk teks fungsional pendek (misalnya banner, poster, pamphlet, dll.)
resmi dan tak resmi dengan menggunakan ragam bahasa tulis secara akurat, lancar dan berterima dalam
konteks kehidupan sehari-hari.

Indikator

• Mendengarkan undangan rapat yang disampaikan secara lisan melalui tape secara klasikal.
• Mendiskusikan isi dan bentuk bahasa yang digunakan secara berkelompok
• Menyampaikan undangan lisan secara individu di depan kelas.
• Membaca nyaring bermakna wacana ragam tulis yang dibahas dengan ucapan dan intonasi yang benar
• Mengidentifikasi topik dari teks yang dibaca
• Mengidentifikasi informasi tertentu dari teks fungsional pendek
• Menggunakan tata bahasa, kosa kata, tanda baca, ejaan, dan tata tulis dengan akurat
• Menulis gagasan utama

CYCLE I : LISTENING/ SPEAKING

I. BUILDING KNOWLEDGE OF FIELD.
LION
What kind of animal does a lion belong to ?
• Carnivores
• Wild animals
Where can you find a lion ?
• In the African jungle.
• In the savannah.
• It roams in forests.

How does a lion move / live / survive ?

• They hunt at their hunting area.
• They can run fast like a horse.
• Its tangs are very strong..
• Its claws are sharp.
• They can hear voices from 100 until 150 meters.
• There are 6,000 lions remaining today.
What does a lion look like ?
• It resembies a cat.
• The male lion has a mane.
• The male is bigger that the female..
What does a lion feed on ?
• Zebras.
• Buffaloes.
• Deer
How does a lion reproduce their young cubs?
• They are mammals
• They have babies

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II. MODELLING OF TEXT

A shark is a type of fish that lives in the sea. It is one of the largest sea creatures. There are
over 350 species of shark. A shark is shaped like a torpedo . it has rough skin like sandpaper.
Instead of bones it has elastic cartilage which helps them move easily. It can grow up to 8 meters.
Shark are found in all oceans around the word. Thetype pf shark found will depend on the
water’s temperature. A shark has to keep moving when it isasleep because it will either sink or
suffocate. It has to keep moving because it needs to breathe through its gills to keep alive.
When they are hugry, they look for food. Different sharks eat different food. Harmless sharka
eat plankton but harmful shark eat meat.
Sharks have up to forty two babies(which are called pups) at a time. When tehe pups are
born. They leave atraight away because the mother shark does not have teats. Some shark have their
pups in different ways, some lay eggs while others have them alie. When they are born they need to
defend themselves because they have no one to helpthem.

1. the first paragraph of the text contains….

a.issue d. general statement.
b.orientation. e. general classification.
c. identifition
2. what helps shark move easily ?
a. its rough skin. d.its bones.
b. its torpedo-shaped body. e.its gills.
c. its elastic cartilage.
3. why do pups leave their mother straight away after they are born ?
a. because their mothers have nothing to feed them.
b. because their mothers have no time to care them.
c. because their mothers have so may pups.
d. because their mother have no teath.
e. because their mother have no teats.
4. what is TRUE about sharks according to the text ?
a. A shark is a kind of reptile that lives in the sea.
b. the body of a shark is like a dolphin.
c. some sharks feed on plankton.
d. pups always get their food from their mothers.
e. pups do not defend themselves.
Report text
Social function
To describe the way things are, with reference to a range of natural, man – made, and
social phenomenen in our environment.
The generic structure
a. general classification / Defeinition: tell what the phenomenon under discussion is .
b. Description : tell what the phenomenon under discussion is like in terms of
• parts.
• Funcitions
• Qualities
• Habit or temporal sequence.
CATATAN/RINGKASAN

Fungsi Cirri –ciri tata bahasa dan kosa kata

Klasifikasi - kata kerja relational : be, belong to , be called, can be
umum/ classified as , be similar to,….
definisi - Kadang-kadang Action verb.
- Simple present Tense.
- Istilah teknis.
- Article a.
- Plural.
Deskripsi - kata –kata untuk bagian atau unsure.
- Kata kerja relational untuk menyatakan unsure have, consist
of.
- Kata kerja relational be untuk mendeskripsikan unsure.
- Kata-kata deskriptif : warna, ukuran, bentuk, dsb.
- Action verb untuk menyatakan kebiasaan, perilaku, fungsi,

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 Deskripsi kegunaan, dsb.
- Istilah teknis.

I. JOIN CONSTRUCTION

Find something around you that can be used as the subject for your report. You can
choose one of the following themes for your report :
Animal in the 200
A kind of flower
Hobby
Sports
Etc.
Activity :
Attach your picture of an animal / plant / thing
• What is it ?
• Mention parts of the body / things.
• Habit or behaviour / use
In your group, tell your report in turn.

II. INDEPENDENT CONSTRUCTION

Tell your own report that you have prepared from home to be told in front of
your class.
Use the guidelines to give your report.

Opening
• Great the listeners
• Motivate the listeners to the topic
• Explain why you choose the topic.
Telling a report
• Tell them the general classification.
• Tell them the parts, behaviours and characteristics
• asked them if they have any questios.
Closing
• Say thanks

CYCLE II: WRITING/ READING

I. BUILDING KNOWLEDGE OF FIELD.
Read the following text. Then , answer the questions.

General TORNADOS
participant A tornados is a powerful, twisting wind
storm.it is one of the mostdestructive storms General
on earth. A tornado is also called a waterspout. classification

A tornado is a long clound which comes down

Relating from the sky. It is shaped like a funnel and
verb consists of wind which whirls around and
aroumd extremely fast. In fact, the wind can
reach a speed of more than 900 km per hour.

Most tornadoes form a long a front( boundary) indentifikasi

between cool, day air and warm, humid air.
Weather scientists are unable to know exactly
when tornados will occur fortunately, the
Quality of tornado is not usually very big and it does
tornados not last long.

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 SEA LIONS

Sea Lion are sea – mammals and are warm blooded. They breathe air with their lungs. The
scientific name for the family they belong to is neophoca cinerea( nee- o-er-ee-a ).
Australian sea lions are about250 cms long. Aduit males ( called bulls ). Grow to about 3 metes
and are the largest Australian mammal ( they no longer breed in Australia ). The female sea lions are
always smaller than the bulls in langth and weight. Australian see-lions have a body shaped for slipoing
smoothly though the water and a thick layer of fatunderneath their skin . they have large nostnis,long.
Sharp teeth and two pairs of short legs with the five –toed feet flattened like paddles or fins.
When Australian sea-lion pups are bom they leed on their mother’s milk. Sea lions have to come on
dry land when they mate and have babies are big and dark and they mate with lots of fernales. If a baby
pup is goes near bull , the bull will kill it. When the pup is trying to look for its mother, no other sea lion
will feed it. If it can’t find its mother, it will starve.
Australian sea lions are found arong the sounth- western shores of west Australia and most of the
south.Ausralia coastline and off-shores island Sea lions eat fish and squid.

II. MODELLING OF TEXT

Text 2( for questions number 1-5 ).

Blue whale, largest whale and the largest living creature on Earth .blue whales are
found in all oceans of the word. Blue whales produce lound. Low- frequency moans
thattravel ovel thousands of kilometers underwater. It is likely that they talk by using these
moans, so that the members of a group can speak to one another when they are very far
apart.
Blue whales may reach over 24 meters in length, mature females are usually slightly
longer than mature males. A small dorsal fin is set far back on the body the skin has a light-
gray-white spotted pattern,which appears light blue when the whale is just below the
surface of the water on a sunny day. Researchers identify individu whales by the spotted
pattern, which is unique to each whale.
Blue whales feed by diving open-mouthed into thick groups of small sea creatures
such as krill or fish. As water and food rush into the whale’s mouth, the whale’s throat
forms a huge bag that extends from the front of the whale’s nose to its navel.
Take from English workouf bettergrades Singapore.

1. how do the blue whales talk with one another ?

a. by traveling over thousands of kilometers underwater.
b. By using lound,low-frequency moans.
c. By using loud, high-frequency moeans.
d. By using chemical signals.
e. By using special gestures.
2. complete the following sentence;”The .. blue whale is longer than the … blue
whale.”
a. adult male – adult female.
b. Baby male – adult male.
c. Baby female – baby male.
d. Adult female – adult male
e. Adult female – adult male
3. why are spotted patterns found on blue whales useful? Because…
a. they protect the whales from the sun
b. they make the whales look more beautiful.
c. They allow the whales to identify one another.
d. They allow the researches to identify one whale from another.
e. They allow the researches to see the whales from the distance.
4. what is the main idea of the fist paragraph?
a. Blue whales are found in all oceans of the world.
b. Blue whales can produce loud, low-frequency moans.
c. Blue whale is the largest living creature on Earth.
d. Blue whale can speak to one another in long distance.
e. Blue whales talk by using their moans.

12
 5. which of the following word has the same meaning as ‘unique’?
a. Different
b. Separate
c. Distinct
d. Special
e. Changed

Text 3
Computers are machines that handle information automatically. They can perform
calculations and process data. Computers can work with number to solve great deal of
information and make practically no mistakes. That is why computers are widely used in
place such as banks, office and companies.
Computer work like calculators. However, most calculators can do only one thing at a
time. We tell them to do by pressing various buttons. To do some work, we can give a series
of instruction to a computer. We call this a computer program. If we set up a program, the
computer can provide other information. Once we provide a program, the computer can do all
this work automatically without further help or instruction.
A computer stores and handles numbers. The numbers may be mathematical formulas
or column of figures. The numbers may also be codes that stand for letters of the alphabet, or
words or instructions to the computer.
All computers have three basic parts:
• Input and output unit (I/O). The input unit the information and instruction and the
output unit gives the results.
• A central processing unit (CPU). This unit does the work of computing.
• A memory. It stories or remembers information and instruction that the CPU
needs to the work.
The I/O makes it possible for people to communicative with computers. There are
several kinds of I/O. One of them is video terminal. The video terminal has a typewriter
– like keyboard and screen like television screen. We can see the output of the
computer on the screen.

6. In order to record computer’s output permanently, we need to use a…

a. Printer
b. Screen
c. Keyboard
d. Memory unit
e. Central Processing Unit
7. What instrument is used to see the output of the computers ?
a. Output unit.
b. Keyboard
c. Printer
d. Screen.
e. CPU
8. which of the following is NOT TRUE according to the text ?
a. computers can help us work faster.
b. The process of computing is done in the CPU.
c. Computers can store a great deal of information.
d. Computer’s work is nearly the same as calculation’s.
e. The informasi and instructions are stored in the printer.
9. computers are able to handle a large number of problems and information in short
time. This idea can be found in paragraph…
a. 1.
b. 2
c. 3
d. 4
e. 5

13
 10. A computer stores and handles number ( paragraph 3) the underlined word has the
same meaning with…
a. Processes.
b. Keeps.performs.
c. Tells.
d. Gives
e. Performs.

III. JOINT CONSTRUCTION

In groups, fill in the table below with words related to the topic as many as possible.
Name General classificiation / definition deccription
mouse, dolphins, What is it ? What is it like ?
potato, etc Where can we find it ? Skin, horn , head, legs, colour ,
Where can it grow ? taste , shape, use, seasion ,
What does it belong to ? number, etc.

IV. INDEPENDENT CONSTRUCTION

• Find an article inenglish newspaper, magazine or find it in internet. Observe it and
find okt the point and aspect to be repored . write them down in a loose paper.
• Use this ehecklist to write your report.
¾ What topic am I going to choose : an animal, plant, a body organ or man –
made thing ?
¾ I will write all the subject the sentence in simple present tense.
¾ To connect the subject and the rest of the sententences I will use relating
verb.
¾ I also use behaviour verb.
¾ The paragraph 1 is ……
¾ The paragraph 2 is ……
¾ The paragraph 3 is ……
¾ Have I use general classification and identification ?

14
 CHAPTER III (THREE)
ANALYTICAL EXPOSITION

KOMPENTENSI DASAR

Memahami monolog lisan dalam wacana berbentuk analytical.

INDIKATOR

1. menjawab pertanyaan berdasarkan teks yang diberikan.

2. mengidentifikasi struktur generic teks analytical eksposition.

CYCLE I : LISTENING/ SPEAKING

I. BUILDING KNOWLEDGE OF FIELD.

Based on the fact , answer these questions !

1. what do you think of smoking eigarette ?
answer :…………………………………….
2. do you agree with it ? why
answer :…………………………………….
3. Is smoking dangerous ?
answer :…………………………………….
4. what makes it dangerous ? give your reason!
answer :…………………………………….
Retell about “ the dangerous of smoking “ in front of the class !
Start your story using the following phrases :
• Today we are talking about………………………
• I think ( that) ……………………………………...
• Well ……………………………………………….
• It’s a well known fact that…………………………

II. MODELLING OF TEXT

TEXT 1
In Australia there are there leve’s of govermment, the federal government, state
governments and local govermments. All of these levels of govermments are necessary. This is so
for a number of reasons.
First, the federal govermments is necessary for the big things. They keep the economy in
order and look after things like defense.
Similary, the state govermements look after middle-sized things. For example, they look
after law and order. Preventing things like vandalism in schools.
Finally, local govermments look after the small things. They look after thing like collecting
rubbish otherwise everyone would have disease.
Thus, for the reason above we can conclude that three lavels of govermment are necessary.

.TEXT II

I personally think that english is the word’s most important language in global era why do I
say that ?
Firstly , engris is an international language . it is spoken by many people all over the world,
either as first or second language.
Secondly. English is also akey to open the door to scientific and technical knowedge which
is needed fro the economic and politics development of many countries in the world.
Thirdly, English is a top requirement of those seeking jobs. Applicants who master
eitheractive or passive English are more favorable than those who don’t.
From the fact above, it is obvious that everybody needs to learn English to greet the global
era.

15
 THE GENERIC STRUCTURE OF THE TEXT
1. THESIS : ………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………
2. ARGUMENTS 1 …………………………………………..
Point : ………………………………………………
……………………………………………...
Elaboration : ………………………………………………
……………………………………………...
Point 2 : …………………………………………………..
…………………………………………………..

Elaboration : ……………………………………………………
…………………………………………………..

Point 3 : ……………………………………………………
…………………………………………………..

Elaboration : …………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………..

3. REITERATION : …………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………..

III. JOINT CONSTRUCTION OF THE TEXT (JCOT)

Make a group of there to study the jumbled paragraphs in the box and put them in the
appropriate generic structure of analytical exposition text provided in the diagram! The fist
sentence is first paragraph of the text!
1. there is no one best way to deal with pests in agriculture, pesticides are commonly used, but
this may cause many problems. Combining different management operations is the most
effective way to control pests.
2. some pesticides afftect non-target animal such as fish and bees. This affect the natural
balance.
3. finally, understanding the ecology of the area helps a lot in pest control. Natural enemies
can be used to control a pest. Pesticides that don’t affect the natural enemies shold be
chosen.
4. therefore, integrated pest management is a safe and more effective option in agriculture.
5. to wipe out agricultural pests completely may be very expensive . sometimes pest damage
costs less than the method of control.
6. fistly, the chemical in pesticals in pesticides may build up as residues in the environment.
This reduces the quality the farm’s products.
7. as well, pests can become resistant to pesticides gradually. This means that newer and
stronger ones have to be developed.

IV. INDIVIDUAL CONSTRUCTION OF THE TEXT

Work in a grouph of four to make a draft of an analytical exposition text! After you have
finished the draft, consult it to your teacher. Write an analytical exposition text based on
the draft and speak it out in front of the class! Use the table below as s guidance and pick up
a title provided in the box or you can your own topic.

¾ The danger of smoking/drugs / Alcoholic Beverages / Free Sex

¾ The advantages of extra curricular activities / scouting / red cross/ Etc.
¾ The importance of saving
¾ The importance of studying English / computer / Etc.
¾ The Negative impact of violence TV programs.
¾ The Advantages / Disadvantages of TV Advertisement.
¾ The Advantages of Reading.
¾ The danger of pollution / nuclear.
¾ The importance / Advantages of friendship.

16
 TITLE
Make your title interesting so that it can attract readers to read it
Exzmple :
SMOKING KILL YOU SLOWLY
THESIS
Express what youhave in mind (your opinion)about the topic (advantageous,
disadvantageous, useful, uselees, dangerous, destructive, Etc)
For example : smoking is a uselees habit for a number of reasons.

ARGUMENTS
Give your reaseanto support your opinion and explain each reason as clearly as possible supported by
evidence ,if necessary
Example :
It is a waste of maney
It is unhealthy
It is a waste of time.

REITERATION
Restate your “ thesis” in a form of a summary, or concluding remark, to inforce your opinion.

Reiteration

therefore, integrated pest management is a safe and more effective option in agriculture.

Analytical exposition

Social function
To persuade the readers or listeners that something is the case that there is a case to concern ( to pay
attention to ). (teks analitis di bentuk untuk memaparkan dan menpengaruhi pendengar atau pembaca
bahwa ada masalah yang tentunya perlu mendapat perhatian )
Generic structure :
Thesis ( pernyatan yang diketengahkan)
- position ( memperkenalkan topic dan mengindikasikan pendapat penulis).
- Previw ( garis besar argument yang dikembangkan)
Arguments( argument).
- point ( menyatakan kembali garis besar argument).
- Elaboration ( pendapat yang mengembangkan dan mendukung masing – masing point)
- Reiteration( penguatan pernyataan).
Linguistic features :
- General nouns : cars , pollution, cigarettes.
- Abstract nouns : policy , government.
- Relating verb : is, are, keep, remain, get, turn, go look, grow, appear, stay, smell, taste , feel,
sound.
- Action verb : go, sleep, run.
- Modal verb : can, may, should.
- Connective : fistly, secondly, in conclusion, next.
- Evaluative word : important, valuable, dangerous.
Analyze the following text. Do in pairs!
Car should be banned in the city
Cars should be banned in the city. As we all know , cars create pollution, and cause a lot of road
deaths and other accidents.
Fistly, cars, as we all know, contribute to most of the pollution in the world. Case emit a deadly gas
that causes illness such as bronchitis , lung cancer, and ‘triggers’ off asthma. Some of these illnesses are
so bad that people can die from them.

17
 Secondly. The city is very busy. Pedestrians wander everywhere and care commonly hit pedestrians
in the city, which causes them to die. Care today are our roads biggest killers.
Thirdly, care are very noisy . if you live in the city. You may find it hard to sleep at night, or
concentrate on your homework, and especially talk to someone.
In conclusion cars should be banned from the city for the reasons listed.
• Title ………………………………………………….
• Thesis
• Position : ………………………………………………….
• Preview : ………………………………………………….
• Argument 1
• Point : ………………………………………………….
• Elaboration : ………………………………………………….
• Argument 2
………………………………………………….
• Point :
………………………………………………….
• Elaboration :
• Argument 3 ………………………………………………….
• Point : ………………………………………………….
• Elaboration : ………………………………………………….
• Reiteration :

Task
Point out the language feature of the above text !
• General nouns : …………………………………………………………………………………..
• Abstract nouns : ……………………………………………………………………………………
• Relating verb : ………………………………………………………………………………….
• Action verb : ………………………………………………………………………………….
• Modal verb : ………………………………………………………………………………….
• Connective : ………………………………………………………………………………….
• Evaluative word : ………………………………………………………………………………….
Task
Think of problem in your daily life. Write an analytical exposition text !
You can use the following problem :
- smoking should be banned
- Awareness of a healthy body
- the importance of English language.
You can use these words :
- I think that …………………………..
- Firstly ………………………………..
- Secondly , …………………………..
- Another reason is ……………………
- In conclusion ………………………

I think that
………………………………………………………………………………………………
….
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

]past perfect tense

Past perfect tense expresses an activity that was completed before another activity or time in the past.
Pay attention patterm
a. .S + had + V3 + O + before/when / by the time + S + V2 + O
b. S + V2 + O after + S + had + V3 + O
c. S + had + V3 + O + Until …( yesterday, last week etc ).
Examples :
1. he had slept before we got there .
2. after they left, I went to bed.
3. until yesterday, he written 3 letters.

18
Task
Finis the sentences!
1. She was not at home when I arrived. ( she just/move ) to another house.
Answer : …………………………………………………………………
2. we arrived at the concert late. ( it already/begin )
Answer : …………………………………………………………………
3. when we came to the party, sam was not there. ( he / go home )
Answer : …………………………………………………………………
4. he was not hugry, he ( just/have ) lunch.
Answer : …………………………………………………………………
5. he didn’t in that house anymore. He ( move ) out.
Answer : …………………………………………………………………
6. most people think that Columbus ( discover ) America in 1493, but actually leif ericson ( visit )
north America about400 years before that.
Answer : …………………………………………………………………
7. the USA ( enter ) world war II in August 1945, but the war actually (begin ) several years before.
Answer : …………………………………………………………………
8. the house was very quiet when we got home. The ( go ) to bed.
Answer : …………………………………………………………………
9. bob was no linger he ( die ).
Answer : …………………………………………………………………
10. sinta was not good at playing tennis. She ( never play ) it.
Answer : …………………………………………………………………
Task
Make into good sentences!
1. go to bed, arrive
Answer : …………………………………………………………………
2. have luch, come
Answer : …………………………………………………………………
3. leave, look the door
Answer : …………………………………………………………………
4. go out, arrive
Answer : …………………………………………………………………
5. know the news, tell
Answer : …………………………………………………………………
Task
Write a text based on the following questions, in pairs!
1. where did you go in the weekend?
Answer : …………………………………………………………………
2. had you packed your suitcase several days before?
Answer : …………………………………………………………………
3. where had you gone to withdraw money?
Answer : …………………………………………………………………
4. had you asked your neighbor to water their plants while you were away?
Answer : …………………………………………………………………
5. what was happening when you got to the place? Was it raining?
Answer : …………………………………………………………………
6. although it was wet, did you have fun ?
Answer : …………………………………………………………………
Combine your answer to make a new paragraph!

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

19
Task
Let’s talk about the sentence connector!
Nevertheless, consequently, therefore, however.

However (bagaimanapun, biarpun) never

Nevertheless ( namun, meskipun)
Firsh sentence Second sentence
Therefore ( oleh karena itu)
Consequently ( akibatnya )
Examples :
1. it was cold. However, we still went swimming.
2. it was hot. Nevertheless, we went nowhere.
3. it was raining. Therefore, we went nowhere.
4. she didn’t study. Consequently, she failed the test.
5. it was raining; therefore, we went nowhere.
Note: pay attention to the punctuation! ( a coma before the connector is never used )
Task
Insert the blanks however, nevertheless, therefore ,consequently!
1. the weather was cold …………………..we wore coats.
2. I didn’t bring my umbrella …………………..I got wet.
3. it was cold……………….mary didn’t wear a jacket.
4. angle never studied ………………………… she failed the exam.
5. he wasn’t tirred ………………………………he went to bed.
Task
Let’s check your passive modal mastery!
Pattern : modal + be +V3
Modal : can, may, must, shall, will, could, might, had t, should, would, is/am/are going to, need to used
to etc.
Example : people should stop illegal logging
Illegal logging should be stopped.
Chage the sentences into passive
1. we should ban the cars in the city.
Answer : …………………………………………………………………
2. we should forbid smoking in the school area.
Answer : …………………………………………………………………
3. you can do the test.
Answer : …………………………………………………………………
4. she is going to write a letter.
Answer : …………………………………………………………………
5. you must practice eglish everyday.
Answer : …………………………………………………………………

CYCLE II : READING/WRITING

Kompentensi dasar :
Memahami nuasa makna dan langkah-langkah pengembangan retorika di dalam teks tertulis
yang berbentuk analytical exposition.
Indicator :
1. menjawab pertanyaan pemahaman tentang teks analytical exposition.
2. mengindentifikasikan struktur generic tyeks analytical exposition.

I. BUILDING KNOWLEDGE OF THE FIELDS

PRACTICE
Answer the question below based on your general knowledge.
1. here is an assumption that Indonesia is the biggest “ ashtray “ in the world. Do you agree?
...........................................................................................................................................
2. is smoking a bad habit? Why so ? …………………………………………………………
3. is it true that smoking can help people lessen nervous tension? Why? …………………….
4. do you thik that those who are smoking on a bus are agoistic?why? ………………………
5. what do you think of the effect that the smokers cause on passive smokers?........................

20
II. MODELLING OF THE TEXT
The desire to read can be enlived and increased though reading anecdotes for many reasons.
Firstly, anecdotes show something interesting. They dramatize events, usually with scenes,
setting, character, description, and dialogue. Many of the best anecdotes, however, come from real-
life examples.
Conderly, because it is interesting and funny , the readers will have to finish reading them even
though they find many diffcult weres. The things that makes anecdotes funny is that there isusually
an unusual incdent or turn of events as the story goes.
Another reason is that the simple and exact plot makes the anecdotes easy to follow.
Thus, from the reasons above. We can conclude that anecdotes can be one of the choices to
increase reading desire.
Taken from bahasa inggris XI Pemkot semarang.

1. the topic of the text is …………………

a. anecdotes are funny and interesting.
b. Anecdotes are easy to follow.
c. Anecdotes tell some unusual and funny events.
d. Anecdotes can be used to increase reading desire.
e. Anecdotes often have many difficult words.
2. in the last paragraph, the writer expresses his/her….
a. Thesis .
b. Elaboration.
c. Reiteration.
d. argument
e. recommendation.
3. “…. That there is usually an unusual. Incident or turn of events…….”(par.5) the underline
word means….
a. Ordinary.
b. Extraordinary
c. Unreasonable
d. Normal
e. Illogical.
4. the following statements is true according to the text, Except……
a. anecdotes offer something interesting to read.
b. By reading anecdotes we can increase our reading desire.
c. The readers will stop reading if they find difficult word in anecdotes.
d. Anecdotes are easy to follow because of their simple and exact plot.
e. Some anecdotes come from real-life examples.

Smack down show is not good for children .this is so because of number of reasons.
First, it teaches children to do violence and brutality. The whole show always exposes the
fighting betweem two or more wrestlers so some children tend to practice what their heroes did on
the show to their friends.
Besides. It teaches children to say rude words. They imitate what they have learnt from the
slow. They even feel cool when they say the rude words.
Moreover, it can make children reluctant to study. Since the program is aired at midnight, the
children decide to go bed early and then get up when the show begins. The show itself is up to 4-5
hours per episode.
For those reasons. It is clear that smack down show is really bad for the viewer especially
children.

5. according to the text, why is smack down show bad for chidren?
a. Because smack down is a kins of sport.
b. Because smack down show makes children unable to sleep.
c. Because smack down show makes children lazy to study.
d. Because smack down teaches children to defend themselves.
e. Because smack down is an illegal sport.

21
 6. what is the coclusion of the text ?
a. smack down show must be intended for adult viewers only.
b. Smack down show teaches children to do violence and brutality.
c. Smack down show teaches children to say rude words.
d. Smack down show makes children reluctant to study.
e. Smack down show is realy bad for children.
7. “first, it teacher children to do violence and brutality.”(par.2)
Another word for violence” is …..
a. Hospitality.
b. Hostility.
c. Misdeed.
d. Politeness.
e. Civility.

III. JOIN CONSTRUCTION

The table below lists five opini and some justification or reasons for each of the opinions.
Write sentences expression opinins and justifying them. If you don’t agree with the opinions listed
below you may express your own opinions but you must justify them.

OPINION OPINION JUSTIFICATION/REASON

PHRASE
HALF-DAY SCHOOL IS BETTER 1. more time at home.
THAN FULL-DAY SCHOOL. 2. more time outside interest.
3. less tiring for students and
teachers.
Indonesiashould leam from japan 1. there are few strikes in japan.
2. Japanese companies look after
the welfare or thaeir workers.
3. Japanese companies use the
latest technology.
In my opinion, As
Television has a harmful effect on 1. children read less now than they
far as I’m
children. used to .
concerned.
2. children take part in fewer
activities.
3. children have lost the art of
conversation.

Books should be cheaper in indonesia 1. more children could afford to

buy them.
2. people would read more that they
do now.

Read the following text and then answer the questions below.

Many different sytems of physical exercise are designed to improve the health and appearance
of the body. But in my opinion only Hartha Yoga, a from of Yoga consisting of various positions,
exercises the whole body. First, facial muscies, for example, can be made firmer by daily
performance of “ the lion “, a posture that imitates the face of roaring lion. Next, back musclces can
become more flexible by regular practice of “ the cobra”, a posture that imitates the arching head of
that poisonous snake. And “ the crow”, which resembles the headstand, is said to improve
circulation and relieve tension.in short, harta yoga has good chance of making someone get good
health and perfect body.
1. what is the topic of the text ?
………………………………………………………………………………………………..
2. what is the main idea of the text ?
………………………………………………………………………………………………..

22
IV. INDEPENDENT CONSTRUCTION OF THE TEXT

In the stoge you are expected to have competence to make an analytical exposition individually,
pay attention to generic structure, structure and voczbulary.
( your writing must consist of at least 300 word ).

23
 CHAPTER IV (FOUR)
HORTATORY EXPOSITION

KOMPENTENSI DASAR

Siswa memahami monolog lisan terutama wacana berbentuk hortatoryexposition.

INDIKATOR

1. merespon wacana monolog.

2. melengkapi teks dengan kata – kata atau frase yang benar berdasarkan teks lisan.

CYCLE I : LISTENING/ SPEAKING

I. BUILDING KNOELELEDGE OF THE FIELD (BKOF )

1. what do the cars give out ? …………………………………………………………………

2. do you think the combustion gas the cars give out will have something to do with our
health ? …………………………………………………………………………………….
explain your answer !
……………………………………………………………………………………………..
3. what should we do to reduce such air pollution ? …………………………………………

II. MODELLING OF THE TEXT (MOT)

Read the following text.

Air pollution

Air is said to be polluted if it contains a lot of impurities and another poisonous particle
which make people. Suffer from it. Air ollution caouses a great deal suffering for human being.
There are two main types of air pollution. Natural pollution and pollution caused by human’s
activities.
The damage caused by air pollution is enormous, many flowers and vegetable crops suffer ill
effect from car exhaustion gases. Trees have been killed by pollution from power plants.cattle have
been poisoned by the fumes smelter that recover aluminum from ore.
Air pollution causes rubber tires on automobile to deteriorate and become porous. Fine
building becomes shabby, their wall blackened with soot that has settied on them. Building surface
may actually crack because of air pollution. It also causes irritation, scratchy throat, and respiratory
illness.
From the fact above, we should think more seriously to find way how to prevent or event to
reduce air pollution.

Answer the question below based on the text above.

1. how is the air considered to olluted ?
…………………………………………………………………………………………
2. do you think that air pollution make our life more convenient ? explain your answer ?
…………………………………………………………………………………………
3. mention two types of air pollution !
…………………………………………………………………………………………
4. explain briefty how air pollution can damage plants ( trees), animals, bullding, even human beings.
…………………………………………………………………………………………
5. what does the writer expect the readers to do dealing with the pollution ?
…………………………………………………………………………………………

24
III. JOINT CONSTRUCTION OF THE TEXT ( JCOT )

Sit in group, the group may consist of 6 – 7 students. Re-read the text more carefully the
discuss and answer the question below.
1. what is the type of the text above ?
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
2. what is the generic structure of the text above?
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
3. what does the writer inform us about air pollution ?
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
4. how can air pollution kill the cattle belong to villagers ?
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
5. how many arguments does the writer state to prove that air pollution is really dangerous for us ?
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
6. what should we do to overcome the problems caused by air pollution then ?
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
Practice
Still in group. Read the once more again. Then classify the text above according to its generic
structure.
Title Air pollution
Thesis ……………………………………………………………………..
Argument 1 ……………………………………………………………………..
Argument 2 ……………………………………………………………………..
Argument 3 ……………………………………………………………………..
Argument 4 ……………………………………………………………………..
Argument 5 ……………………………………………………………………..
Argument 6 ……………………………………………………………………..
recommendation ……………………………………………………………………..

IV. INDIVIDUL CONSTRUCTION OF THE TEXT (ICOT)

Make a hortatory text. First you must make a draft concerning the taing you are going to write.
Such as the title, thesis, argument (s), and recommendation write your draft in the space below.

Generic structure of hortatory text.

Title ……………………………………………………………………
Thesis ……………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………
Argument ……………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………
recommendation ……………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………

In this stage you are supposed to develop then to tell what you have made on practice 11.the
time you are really expected to have an ability to perform your text in front of the class
individually.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………...
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………...
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………...
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………...
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………...
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………...
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………...
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………...
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………...

25
 1. purpose of the text / tujuan teks :
to persuade the readers/listeners that something should or should not be the case.
¾ Mempengaruhi pembaca/pendengar bahwa sesuatu seharusnya demikian/tidak
demikian.
2. generic structure/kerangka teks.
¾ Issue : berisi pernyataan isu yang di persoalkan .
¾ Arguments : berisi pendapat mengapa ada keprihatian dan mengarah
pada sebauh rekomendasi.
¾ Recommendation :pernyataan tentang bagaimana seharusnya/ tidak
seharusnya.
3. grammatical features / cirri kebahasaan.
¾ Terfokus pada tokoh/objek yang umum.
¾ Menggunakan mental to process.
¾ Menggunakan material process, untuk menerangkan apa yang terjadi.
¾ Menggunakan relational process.
¾ Menggunakan simple present tense.

CYCLE II : READING/WRITING

Kompentensi dasar :

Memahami nuasa makna dan langkah- langkah pengembangan retorika di dalam teks tertulis
yang terbentuk hortatory exposition.

Indikator :

1. menjawab pertanyaan pemahaman tentang teks berbentuk “ Hortatory reposition “.

2. menginidentifikasi structure teks berbentuk “hortatory exposition “.
3. membuat langkah=langkah penulisan teks tertulis berbentuk hortatory exposition.
4. membuat text tertulis.

I. BUILDING KNOWLEDGE OF THE FIELD ( BKOF ).

Practice 1.
Answer the question based on your own general knowledge.
1. Do you often eat meat, ice cream , steak ? ………………………………………
2. does the person, really have some problem with the health ?..................................
3. What kind of diseases do common fat people have ? …………………………….
4. What should they do to reduce their weight then ? ……………………………….
Practice 2.
1. have you ever bought a hand phone? ……………………………………………….
2. do you buy a hand phone for your prestige only? …………………………………..
3. Supposing that your friend want to buy a hand phone. What thing you should recommend
him/her to do or not to do before he/she really wants to buy it ? ………………………….
4. have you ever had any problem with the hand phone you bought ?
…………………………

II. MODELLING OF THE TEXT ( MOT )

Read the following texts.

Text 1.
Buying A Hand phone

When we want to buy a hand phone, we have to think the advantages as well as the
disadvantages. Doing so, we will be able to make a wise decision.
If we decide to buy a hand phone, we can start by asking ourselves the importance of the
equipment. We may ask, “ do we want it for out prestige or for its usefulness?’
After we decide to use a hand phone, we should make achoice on the type of hande phone.
With the various types in the market, we should decide the one that meets our need. We must know
what we need.

26
 As the consequences of its high operation cost, we have to pay more for a hand phone
compared to a fixed telephone. That’s why we have to thinkcarefully before we decide to use
it.therefore, we only use hand phone for important talks. It will not be wise if we use it for a chat
with a friend.
With all the consequences of the hand phone, we should give serious consideration before
using it they are :
1. ask yourself,”Do you really need it at this moment ?”
2. Buy the hand phone that suits your budget.
3. prioritize the function of the hand phone for you, rather that its features that may
interest you.
4. use the mobile phone for important talks.

Answer the following question based on the text above.

1. what is the title of the text above? ................................................................
2. What thing should we do before buying a hand phone? …………………………….
3. Do you think that most people buy a Hand phone for their prestige only?
………………………………………………………………………………………….
Clarify your answer!
………………………………………………………………………………………….
4. Since a Hand phone needs a high operation cost, what does the writer suggest the hand phone
users to do with their hand phone? ……………………………………………………………….
5. does the writer want to inform valuable things for the readers by writing such text ?
………………………………………………………………………………………….
Explain your answer!
………………………………………………………………………………………….
6. having a hand phone will always have both the advantages and disadvantages. Nowstate some
adventages..
the advantages :
1. ……………………………………………………………………………………………
2. ……………………………………………………………………………………………
3. ……………………………………………………………………………………………
The disadvantages :
1. ……………………………………………………………………………………………
2. ……………………………………………………………………………………………
3. ……………………………………………………………………………………………

Read the text 2.

Being fat is A serious problem

Do you know that if you are too fat, you may have serious problem with your healty? A
group of doctors wrote a report about some of the effects of too much fat.
One important effect is othe hearth. If you are fat, your heart has to work hard.this may load
to a heart attack, or it may lead to other heart problems. Extra fat can also change the amount of
sugar in your blood.this can cause serious diseases, such as diabetes, high blood pressure isanother
possible result of being fat.
More studies have shown about all these problem. They stated that extra can make your lie
shorter.
Realizing the dangerous effect of being extra fat, you should do two things to avoid being fat.
Exercising regularly and avoiding greasy food. They can make your life healthier.
Answer the questions below based on the text above.
1. what may happen if we are too fat? ……………………………………………………………
2. what kinds of health problem may someone have caused by being too fat ?
………………………………………………………………………………………………….
3. why do most of fat people usually have heart attack ? …………………………………………
4. what did the recent studies state about being too fat? ………………………………………….
5. what should we do to avoid being fat ? ………………………………………………………...

27
III. JOINT CONSTRUCTION OF THE TEXT (JOINT)

The Era of Reform

It seems that in this era of reform, everybodyis free to do what they want and what they
like. Individuals and groups can hold demonstration at will. One can freely lodge a protest,slander
one another, or force someone into a corner, including the president, vice president, and
ministers. They seem to ignore the values of the pancasila state philosophy, one principle of
which is respect for humanity.
The demonstration have not not only been held by university students, but, unfortunately,
by the elite political members who sit in the house of representativesand people’s Consultative
assembly. They also tend to resort to demonstrations.
In effort to find solutions to a number of national calamities and issue – such as
earthquakes, fires, and floods – elite groups should not rush to putthe other side, even on the
president and vice president, but they should make a concerted effort to shoulder the
responsibility.
Concerning the frequent visits to foreign countries made by the president, we should view
them as working visits with the important purpose of telling the world that Indonesia is stilla
sovereign country, supported by the people and with a legitimate government. In fact, the visits
have resulted in the return of confidence of many foreign countries, which are ready to extend
relief aid to disaster-stricken areas.
On our part, I would like to suggest that it would be much more dignified for the legislators
to raise funds through legitimate means and from whatever sources, or to contribute a fraction of
their salaries ( say rp 1 million each ), and send the money to bengkulu to alleviate the suffering
of the earthquake.
Please stop making people confused by critizing the performance of the president and vice
president, blaming them for being incapable national leaders.
We are still concerned about the current security and order that need sorting out. This might
have resulted from too many negative comments made by the political elite, which makes the
people wonder what is really happening in this country.
Realizing the fact above, we, as good citizens, should think how to resurrect from some
difficulties the country has, rather than to citizen and to blame others. Let’s think what we should
present for our beloved coutry not what we should gain from the country.

A. Sit in group. Discuss and answer the following questions based on the text above.
1. what is the title of the text ?
……………………………………………………………………………………………...
2. what does the text inform us above ?
……………………………………………………………………………………………...
3. do you think the writer encourage the readers to be demonstrators ?
explain your answer!
……………………………………………………………………………………………...
4. what do the political elite members tend to do relation to the national issues and disaster ?
……………………………………………………………………………………………...
5. why did the president and vice president make the international visit to some countries in
the word?
……………………………………………………………………………………………
6. what does the writer suggest the readers to do dealing with the problems we have ?
……………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………
B. sit in group. The group may consist of 5-6 students. Read the text2 more seriously
then discuss and answer the question below.
1. what is the title of the text above?
……………………………………………………………………………………………
2. what does the writer mean by writing such text ?
……………………………………………………………………………………………
3. what is the type of the text above?
……………………………………………………………………………………………
4. what is structural organization of the text above?
……………………………………………………………………………………………
5. what can the readers conclude by reading the text above ?
……………………………………………………………………………………………

28
 C. still in group, re-read the text more carefully then answer the questions below.
1. what is the type of the text above?
……………………………………………………………………………………
2. what is the is the organization structure of the text above ?
…………………………………………………………………………………
3. what does the writer mean by writing such text above?
…………………………………………………………………………………
4. do most of the demonstrators greatly contribute solution to the domestic problem?
Explain your answer!
……………………………………………………………………………………
5. having comprehended the, put the parts of text above into its generic structure.

Title Era of the reform

Thesis ………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………
Argument(s) ………………………………………………………………………
1. ………………………………………………………………………
2. ………………………………………………………………………
3. ………………………………………………………………………
4. ………………………………………………………………………
5. ………………………………………………………………………
6. ………………………………………………………………………

Recommendation ………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………

IV. INDIVIDUAL CONSTRUCTION OF THE TEXT (ICOT)

Read the text below.

Passive smokers

Cigarette smokers are said to have agood chance of getting various fatal diseases. But, I
think that other people’s tobacco smoke seems to increase the chances of non-smokers getting a
wide range of cancers.
First, although passive smokers inhale less tobacco smoke, the researches point out that the
smoke they breathe in is richer in many toxic chemicals. There is, for example, there times as much
as benzo-apyrene, six times as much toluene and more than 50 times as much dimethylnitrosamine.
Of course these substance will harm our body in the long run.
Secondly, the recent research repored that the risk of getting cancers not normally
associated with smoking also rose among passive smokers. The risk of leukemia rose 6 – 8 times
and the risk of cervical cancer increased 3 – 4 times.
Thirdly, past studies have found that by product of cigarette smoke such as coinine and
thiocyanate, turn up in the blood, urine and saliva of non-smoking adults,chidren and fetuses that
have been exposed to smokers. These substances are the main causes of various cancers.
In short, the effects of exposure to the cigarette smoking of others are greater than has been
previously suspected. That’s why some cigarette smokers should not smoke at public places.further
more, the government had better designate certain places as restricted smoking areas. Hopefully
common people can breathe fresh air without smoking disturbance.

29
Answer the questions below based on the text above individually.
1. what is meant by a passive smoker ?
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
2. do you think that both cigarette smoker and passive smoker have the same cause of getting
various fatal diseases? Clarify your answer?
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
3. mention the toxic chemical found in tobacco smoke!
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
4. what did the newest research state about the risk of getting cancer relating to smoking?
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
5. “these substance are the main causes of various cancers”
The word”these” refers to ……………………………………………………………………..
6. what conclusion do we get by reading the text relating to smoking?
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
7. what are the smokers supposed to do to avoid exposure effect on the other people?
…………………………………………………………………………………………………

Read the text once more again. Then answer the questions below.
1. what is the type of the text above?
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
2. what is the generic structure of the text above?
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
3. the communicative purpose of the text above is …………………………………………………
4. how does the writer persuade the smokers to be concerned with their bad habit relating to
exposure effect on non smokers?
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
5. put the text above into its generic structure by completing the following chart.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………

Title Passive smoker

Thesis ………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………
Argument(s) ………………………………………………………………………
1. ………………………………………………………………………
2. ………………………………………………………………………
3. ………………………………………………………………………
4. ………………………………………………………………………
5. ………………………………………………………………………

Recommendation ………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………

30
Make a text in the hortatory exposition from.first,make adraft showing the generic structure of
hortatory exposition. It tells about the title, the thesis, the arguments supporting your thesis, and
recommendation.
Title ………………………………………………………………………
Thesis ………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………
Argument(s) ………………………………………………………………………
1. ………………………………………………………………………
2. ………………………………………………………………………
3. ………………………………………………………………………
4. ………………………………………………………………………
5.. ………………………………………………………………………

Recommendation ………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………

31
 CHAPTER V (FIVE)
SPOOF

KOMPENTENSI DASAR

1. Merespon makna dalam percakapan transaksional (to get things done) dan interpersonal
(bersosialisasi) resmi dan berlanjut (sustained) yang menggunakan ragam bahasa lisan secara
akurat, lancar dan berterima dalam konteks kehidupan sehari-hari dan melibatkan tindak tutur:
menyatakan sikap terhadap sesuatu, menyatakan perasaan cinta, dan menyatakan perasaan sedih
2. Mengungkapkan makna dalam percakapan transaksional (to get things done) dan interpersonal
(bersosialisasi) resmi dan berlanjut (sustained) dengan menggunakan ragam bahasa lisan secara
akurat, lancar dan berterima dalam konteks kehidupan sehari-hari dan melibatkan tindak tutur:
menyatakan sikap terhadap sesuatu, menyatakan perasaan cinta, dan menyatakan perasaan sedih
INDIKATOR

• Mengidentifikasi hubungan antar pembicara

• Mengidentifikasi makna tindak tutur sikap terhadap sesuatu
• Merespon tindak tutur menyatakan sikap terhadap sesuatu
• Mengidentifikasi konteks situasi
• Menggunakan tindak tutur menyatakan sikap terhadap sesuatu
• Merespon tindak tutur menyatakan sikap terhadap sesuatu

CYCLE I : LISTENING/ SPEAKING

I. BUILDING KNOELELEDGE OF THE FIELD .

Diseus briefly with your parther.

1. Do you like sharing funny stories with your friends?
2. why do you like funny stories ?
3. what funny stories do you know?
4. hove you ever had a funny experience?

Practice this dialog in front of the class !

One day in mr .knott’s office. The phone rang and Mr. knott got it…
Mr.knott : “Hello, good morning who’s speaking ?”
Mr. watt : “watt”.
Mr. knott : “what’s your name, please?”
Mr. watt : “yes,Watt is my name.”
Mr. Knott : “”well,I asked you that. Now , what…is …your…name?”
Mr.watt : “told you. Watt is my name. are you jack smith?”
Mr. Knott : “No. I’m Knott.”
Mr. watt : “will you give your name. please!”
Mr. Knott : “you’re deaf, huh?I……am ….Knott.”
Mr. Watt : “what a stupid person! Very annoying!”.
Adpted from English for a better Life Marta Yuliani

1. where did the conversation happen?

a. In a hotel.
b. At mr.knott’s home.
c. At Mr.watt’s office.
d. At school.
e. At mr.knott’s office.

32
2. Why were both Mr.knott and Mr. Watt annoyed?
a. Because they hated each other.
b. Because there wasmisunderstanding between them.
c. Because they were competitors since long.
d. Because Mr.Knott didn’t get the phone soon.
e. Because they couldn’t hear though telephone.
3. what does the word ‘annoying ‘ mean ?
a. causing laugh.
b. Causing angry.
c. Interesting.
d. Funny.
e. Fascinating.

II. MODELING OF THE TEXT.

Read the text loudly in front of the class?

The answer the questions.

Text 1 ( for question 1 – 5 )

An artist went to a beautiful part of the country for a holliday, and stayed with a farmer.
Every day he went out taking paints and brushes with him and painted from morning to evening
and then when it got dark, he went back from the farm and had a good dinner before he went to bed.
At the end of his holiday he wanted to pay the farmer but the farmer said, No. I do not want
money.but you can give me one of your picture. What is money? In a week it will all be finished.
But your painting will still be here.”
The artist was very pleased and thanked the farmer for saying such kind of thing about his
paintings.
The farmer smiled and answered, it’s not that.I have asoo in London. He wants to be an artist.
When he comes here next month, I will show him your picture, and then will never want to be an
artist any more, I think.
1. where did the artist go for his holiday ? He went to ……
a. a beach.
b. A beautiful city.
c. A. beautiful country.
d. London.
e. Art gallery.
2. what did ha do every day in the farm?
a. he helped the farmer.
b. He spent his holiday.
c. He learned to be a farmer.
d. He painted the scenery.
e. He had dinner.
3. why didi the farmer refuse the money given by the artist?
a. because his son was an artist to.
b. Because he had been very rich.
c. Because he preferred the artist’s painting.
d. Because he wanted more money.
e. Because his son lived in London.
4. which of the following is NOT TRUE according to the txt?
a. the artist went to the farm to paint there.
b. The arist had good dinner every night.
c. The farmer refused the money given by the artist.
d. The artist had a son living in London.
e. The farmer’sson wanted to be an artist.
5. we can find the ‘twist’ or the funny part of the text in………..
a. paragraph 1.
b. Paragraph 2.
c. Paragraph 3.
d. Paragraph 4
e. Paragraph 3 and 4.

33
III. JOINT CONSTRUCTION

In this part, you are asked to work in group of four again. Now it is your turn to construct
a spoof text in group. Discuss atopic write with your members. The topic can be of a reality or
just an imagination. You may also consult your teacher about it. Generic structuresand
lexicogrammatical features must be your consideration to write this type of genre.
When your work has been done, practice presenting the result orally in turns with your
members. Make sure that your pronunciation and intonation areacceptable. Take and give
constructive comments for every performance.
When class presentation comes, choose one of your members to present it orally in front
of the class. Constructive and valuable comment may come from other group or your teacher.
Take them for granted for your perfect performance at another time.

IV. INDEPENDENT CONSTRUCTION

now try to construct your own spoof individually. always get in touch with your teacher
if necessary.
When you have completed your work, practice presenting if orally. Take care of your
pronunciation and intonation.
When class presentation comes to your turn, consider any comments from your friends
and teacher. Don’t forget to revise your result if necessary for your best presentation.

Spoof

Purpose/ tujuan teks

1. to tell an event with humorous twist.

• Menceritakan kejadian dengan akhir cerita yang lucu dan tidak terduga.
2. Generic structure / kerangka teks.
• Orientatio ( pengenal )
Siapa yang terlibat dalam cerita itu , kapan dan dimana .
• Events ( rekaman peristiwa / kejadian ).
Menceritakan apa yang terjadi dalam kronologi
• Twist ( akhir cerita yang tak terduga ).
3. Grammatical features / cirri – cirri ke bahsaan.
• Terfokus pada orang, binatang atau benda tertentu.
• Menggunakan Action verb dan past tense.
• Disusun sesuai dengan urutan kejadian.
• Di akhiri dengan twist.
• Menggunakan connectives
Ex :Fist, then, Finally.

CYCLE I I: WRITING/ READING

I. BUILDING KNOELELEDGE OF THE FIELD .

Activity 1

Answer the following questions.

1. Do you like watching television ? Why ?
2. what program of television do you love ?
3. there are two points we can get from watching television. What are they ?
4. I think most of you Know “ ngelaba group “. Who are the actors in it ?
5. what do you think about/of their performance and the story they tell?

34
Activity 2

Read the text below and then answer the questions.

Text 1
Last week. My four years old daughter, sally was invited to a children’s party. I decided
to take her by train. Sally was very excited because she had never traveled on train before. She
sat near the window and asked questions about everything she saw. Suddenly, a middle-aged
lady came into our compartment and sat opposite Sally. “ Hullo, little girl,” she said. Sally did
not answer but looked at her curiously. The lady was dressed in blue coat and a large funny hat.
After the train had left the station, the lady opened her handbag and took out her powder
compact. She then began to make up her face. “ Why are you doing that?”. Sally asked “ make
myself beautiful”, the lady answered. She put away her compact and smile kindly. “ but you are
still ugly”, Sally said. Sally was amused but I was very embarrassed!

1. When did sally go to her friend’s party?

2. Who accompanied her?
3. How did they go there?
4. How was sally on train? Why?
5. Who came into their compartment?
6. What did she do after the train had left the station?
7. What question did Sally ask?
8. What did Sally respond after hearing the lady’s answer?
9. What did you think the end of story?

Text 2
AM I ALL Right

While john Gilbert was in hospital, he asked doctor to tell him whether his operation had
been successful, but the doctor refused to do so. The following day the patient asked for a
bedside telephone. When he was alone, he telephoned the hospital exchange and asked for
Doctor Millington, when the doctor answered the phone, Mr. Gilbert said that he was inquiring
about a certain patient, a Mr. Gilbert. He asked if Mr. Gilbert’s operation had been successful
and the doctor told him that he would have to stay in hospital for another two weeks. Then Dr.
Millington asked the caller if he was a relative of the patient. “No” answered, “I am Mr. John
Gilbert”.

Activity 3

Answer the question!

1. who was john Gilbert ?
2. who was Dr. Millington ?.
3. What was the topic they were talking on the phone ?
4. How was Mr. Millington after he Known that caller was john Gibert ?

35
 Note

Two text you have read above are spoof.

™ Genre ( a kind of text ) : spoof.
™ Social Function : To retell Events for the purpose of informing or enterining.
™ Generic structure.
a. Orientation : provides the setting and introduces participants.
b. Events : tell what Happened, in what sequence.
c. Twist : a Funny thing Appears in the end of the Story (Umpredictable
ending of a sory).

II. MODELLING OF TEXT.

Text 3

A man who recently appointed general in the army. Was in his new office when a new
soldier walked in wanting to impress the new soldier, the general picked up the phone and said”
yes , Mr. president, I am glad you like my suggestions. I’II come by and give you a more
detailed report at the white House a little later this week. Now, soldier, what can I do for you?”
“ uhm ..Sir, ” said the soldier. “ I just came to connect your telephone.”

Activity 4
find the generic structure of the text above.
1. Orientation : ………………………………………….
2. Event : ……………………………………………
3. Twist : ……………………………………………..

activity 5
answer the following question.
1. what is the general say to his new soldier after hanging up the telephone ?
2. what is the function of the expression of your answer ?
other expressions you can use.
• can I help you ?
• what would you like me to do ?
• Anything Can I Do ?

Text 4

one day his neighbours asked hodja, “ we heard some noises in your house last night and
we wondered what was happing. “ Hodja told them. “ my clock felt down the stairs.” the
neighbours replied, “ Bud Hodja, a clock is just made out of cloth. it could not have made that
much noise. “ Hodja answered impatiently,”Well.of course it Course it could, I was in it .”

Activity 6
find the generic structure of the text above.
1. Orientation : …………………………………………………………………………..
2. Event : …………………………………………………………………………..
3. Twist : …………………………………………………………………………..

Text 5
he Often Does This !

After I had lunch at a village inn, I looked for my bag. I had left it on a chair beside the
door and now it wasn’t there. as I was looking for it, the inn- keeper came in.
“Did you have a good meal ?” He asked.
“ yes, thank you , “ I answered, but I can’t pay the bill. I haven’t got my bag.”
The inn – keeper smiled and immediately went out. In a few minutes he returned with my
bag and gave it back to me.
“ I ‘M very sorry, My dog had taken it into the garden, He Often does this .

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 Activity 7
answer the following question in the text.
1. who had a dialogue in the text ?
2. what is the text about ?
3. what do the following words refer to ?
a. It refers to ………………………….
b. there refers to ………………………
c. He refers to ……………………….
d. This refers to ………………………..
4. Find the synonym of the following words from the text.
a. replied
b. searched for
c. entered
5. atate the generic structure of the text.
a. Orientation ………
b. Even ………….
c. Twist ………………
GRAMATICAL STRUCTURE.

The tense usually used in spoof is simple oast Tense . To know the tense of a
sentence you can look at two things.
1. The predicate .
2. Adverb can be regular or irregular.
3. the form regular Verb is :

Sentence Æ Subject + Predicate +Object + Adverb

The Simple Past Tense

1. use preterite <V2).
2. The verbs can be regular or irregular.
3. The form of regular verb is :

No Prosess V1 ( infinitive) V2 (Preterite) V3 ( Past Participle)

1 V1 + D Arrive Arrived Arrived
2 V1 +ED Open Opened Opened
Play Played Played
3... V1 + IED Study Studied Studied

4. regular verb has the same from for V2 and V3.

5. you can study by heart the irregular verbs from the list in your dictionary.
6. the number of irregular verbs, so it easier to study the irregular verbs.

Activity 8
find the preterite (V2) in the text 3,4, and 5.

Text No Regular No Irregular No Adverb of time (if any )

3 1. Walked in 1. Was
2. ………….. 2. …………..
3. ………….. 3. …………..

4 1. ………….. 1. ………….. Last Night

2. ………….. 2. ………….. …………………………
1.
3. ………….. 3. ………….. …………………………..

5 1. ………….. 1. …………..
2. ………….. 2. …………..
3. ………….. 3. …………..

III. JOIN CONSTRUCTION

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IN group of four, read the text below and then write the generic structure.

Nasredin had a shed behind his house. It had no lights in it. One night he went to shed to
get his ladder, and lost his ring there. he left the ladder, Went out into the street and began to
lock around.
One of his friends saw hi min the street outside his house, and said to him,” Hallo,
Nasredin. What are you looking for?”
“ My ring, “ answered Nasredin. “ It fell off my finger. it as a gold ring with a red stone
in it.”
“ Oh, yes.” Said his friend,” I remembered it. I’ll help you look for it. Where did you lose
it actually?”
“ In my shed.”
“ But why don’t you look for it there?”
“ Don’t be stupid! it’s quite dark in my shed, so how will I find my ring there? Here,
there is light the lamps in the street.

1. What is the main idea of the first paragraph?

a. Nasredin had a shed
b. Nasredin lost his ring in his shed
c. Nasredin’s shed was dark at night
d. Nasredin kept his ladder in his shed
e. Nasredin’s shed was behind his house
2. Which one of the following is TRUE according to text?
a. The street was dark
b. The ring was a precious one
c. Nasredin’s friend was a stupid
d. Nasredin searched his ring in his shed
e. Nasredin used his ladder to look for ring
3. “….so, how will I find my ring there? ( The last paragraph )
a. at his house
b. in the street
c. under the lamp
d. behind his house

Once in village there lived a potato farmer.

The potato farmer was sent to prison just at the time when he should have been digging
the ground for planting the new crop of potatoes. He knew that his wife would not be strong
enough to do the digging by herself, but that she could manage to do planting; and he also knew
that didn’t have any friend or neigh hours who would be willing to do the digging for him. So
he wrote a letter to his wife, which said, “ please do not dig the potato field. I laid the money
and the gun there.”
Ten days later, he got letter from his wife. And said, “ I think somebody is reading your
letters before they go out of the prison. some policeman arrived here two days ago and dug up
the whole potato field. what shall I do now?”
The prisoner wrote back at once,” Plant the potato of course.”

1. Why was the potato farmer sent to prison?

a. He had stolen a gun
b. He killed a policeman
c. He didn’t want to work
d. He sad stolen some money
e. The text didn’t tell about it
2. It was very bad time for potato farmer to go prison because…
a. his wife would be alone at home
b. his neighbors didn’t like him
c. his wife could not do the planting
d. it was harvest
e. the text didn’t tell
3. Why did the prisoner write the letter?

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 a. To a confession to his wife
b. To share his secret with his wife
c. To get his field dug up by policemen
d. To ask his wife not to tell anybody where he hid the money
e. To tell his wife that the policemen were coming to get the money and the gun
4. The last part of the text is funny. what do you call this…
a. resolution
b. re-orientation
c. recommendation
d. twist
e. coda
5. Which of the following statement is TRUE?
a. The policemen succeeded in finding the hidden money and gun
b. The policemen had willingly helped the framer dig up his field
c. Although the farmer’s wife was not so strong, she did the digging
d. Although the potato farmer was in prison, his field was ready for planting
e. The policemen came to the field 10 days after the farmer wrote the letter

IV. INDEPENDENT CONSTRUCTION.

tellyour own funny experience in a piece of paper !

Text Generic Parts of text Lexico grammatical features
strucres (modified Participant(s) Time Place Action verbs Emotive verb
sentences are ( samples ) ( samples )
possible )
6 Orientation
Event 1
Event 2
Event 3
Event
..…………
..…………

Twist

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