PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE

(+) Subj + have + V (Past Participle) + Compl.

Past Participle - REGULAR: V –ed
- IRREGULAR: 3rd column (Sb, pg 133)
I have visited the museum.
She has bought a new car.

FORM (-) Subj + have not + V (Past Participle) + Compl.

I haven’t smoked a single cigarette.

(?) Wh- + Have + Subj + V(Past Participle) + Compl?

Where has John gone?

Have you climbed many mountains?

SPELLING To add -ed (Sb, page 107)

RULES *Irregular verbs

1. To talk about life experiences, when the time is NOT mentioned.

He’s been to Japan many times.
Has she ever eaten sushi?
No, she has never eaten sushi.

2. To talk about past actions which have an effect in the present.

I’ve lost my mobile phone. I can’t keep in touch with my friends.
The president has arrived in Tokyo. He’s meeting the PM this afternoon.

USE 3. To talk about actions which started in the past and continue in the present.
Japanese products have been popular since 1970s.
(They are still popular today.)
I have had this house for ages. (I still live in it today.)
She hasn’t read a novel since the school year began.
(She isn’t reading any book now.)

4. To talk about recent past actions.

I’ve just finished my homework.
TIME EXPRESSIONS USED WITH THE PRESENT PERFECT

FOR (= duration)
I've been here for two hours
three months
a year,...

SINCE (= point of time)

I've been here since two o'clock
1992
Christmas
I met you

HOW LONG...? : to ask about the duration

How long have you been in London?

EVER / NEVER: to talk about personal experiences

Have you ever seen a whale?
This is the best car I've ever bought.
She's never been a good student.

JUST / ALREADY / YET : to talk about recent past actions

+ I've just received a letter.

The director has already made two films.

? Has the teacher seen your exercises yet?

- No, he hasn't seen them yet.

*STILL (-)
We still haven't received our English exam results.

LATELY / RECENTLY / SO FAR / IN RECENT YEARS

She has called me recently.
Mary hasn't visited us lately.
We have had three different exams so far and will have two more next
week.
This band has become very popular in recent years.
THE (FIRST) TIME, THE ONLY TIME...

This is the second time he has won the pools.

*HAVE BEEN TO / HAVE GONE TO

"Where is George? I think he has gone to France. He has been to

England, to Holland and to Germany. He has travelled a lot recently.”
 UNIT 3. PRESENT PERFECT OR PAST SIMPLE?

PRESENT PERFECT PAST SIMPLE

1. Experiences in an undetermined time in 1. Actions in a determined, specific time in the past.
the past. "Last Wednesday, I went to my French
"I have studied French." class."

USE 2. Actions that began in the past and 2. Actions that began and finished in the past.
continue in the present. "I lived there for two years."
"I have lived here for two years." "We talked for two hours."
"We have talked for two hours."
TODAY
YESTERDAY
FOR / SINCE
AGO
THIS WEEK / MONTH...
TIME LAST WEEK / MONTH...
HOW LONG...?
EXPRESSIONS WHEN
EVER / NEVER
ON (Monday) / IN (1992)
ALREADY / JUST / YET
etc.
etc.