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  • Arfken 2

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    20 visualizações22 páginas

    Arfken 2

    Enviado por

    leogoy

    Direitos autorais:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Baixe no formato PDF, TXT ou leia online no Scribd
    Sinalizar o conteúdo como inadequado
    de 22
    Senin Elion, Mathews Barbora Wola Senior Project Morayer du Eoperas Carer Boign ‘Gary Ragehia Comrie ‘Conta Imari Pt, esr Kinks Busirese Shatins ‘Tis book is preted on acide per, Copptight 2001, 1995, 1985, 1970, 1967, Ebsvisr Sticnes (USA). ‘Copyright renewed 1995 by Guorg: Auton AW rights exe. [No put of this pabicotion graye neprodued or tant in ay to by ay reams, elena o¢ macsniva,ielaing Potacepy, eoscedng, cx amy infra soray2and rttieval systera, without perme in wing Sroc tke publish RRoguants Fo passer to maks copies of ay prt the werk sled a aad Ponsa: Depurimoot Harcourt, boc, 27 Sa: Harbor Drive, Orlando, Frida 32897-6777, ‘esac Poss 2A inprntof scver Scsenee 525 B Svc. Suite (9, San Digg, CabFonm 8210}-8405, USA Inertial nicguescun Acinic Pros $s Thenhuld's Rea, Loson WCIX BIRR, UK Inplrorwracabemicpessecam Aaaaeric Press 200 Wher Road, Burlington, Massachusetts 180, USA vats denigirestockseor Internationot Standard Book Numbor- O-12-059827-2, PRINTED IN THEE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, GOO Oo 98765432 Lie 121 133 Ay = Ay = V2/2, Feom A = Bowe gel forthe canponems A) = Bi, Ad P:=(0, 1, Opto Py= Pi = (1, —1,.0)—(- 1.0, 3= 2, ~ 1, —2) usp tbe Rotation 24) (20, ote tat aon opt sides Pa— Py = (2,0, 2) = 0) m= (1.1, 2) me Po — Py are parallel, as are Pha P= 12) = Fe P= (2,0, -2) = (0, 1.0); and for Ps = Pi +1P) = Pel = 0. -2) Pe Pu = (,—2:2) — (10,2) = AL, —2, Ohm Ps — Ps P= PDA HP “The triage sites are given by ABaB-A, BC ~C-B, CA=A-C with AB + BC 4.CA = (B= A) +(C—B)4(A—C)= \ Ivy) = rithm yy = nts =n) = Aa. (a) Using Bq. (1:9) ect TAy cones Ay sin J 4 (—Ausi p+ A, cong) = Ay + AD. by ravltiplying out andlusing: cos g? 4: sing? = I. () Decomposing &! = Scag -+ fay inte eantsian components, weave Acasa! = Ay = AReonp+A-Fsing = Ay comp Aysing = A cosmeosg-+A sing sing = A ens(a—y) proving time” =e = p i From Ex, 128 wchave the caipeneay decomposition Fring. Squoringthis wepel forarhiteinyangleg 8? =H Pisin? p 4 R- Feosy sing = F4-28-Feuspsing, ie K provided @ 4 0, f2. a) ‘The surface én plane passing through the tip of m an perpen Gieular ta a. 1a pb oor? pt 0 —— Lat lag laa 1a ay lag att ate Lats Wate tat tsa 155 156 1ST ANSWERS TO BISCELLANEOUS FROBLEUS. (by The surface is a sphae havinyy das & chiwinelors GF ape = 92 —at/4 = 0, Ay Mm 36. A Bem 24 + 28h — 188, Abs AP om (fb — CP me BP 4 0? — 28C 60 Om (A+B) x (A+B) =A XBR XA, Pard Q ere antiparallel; R is perpendicular to both P and Q. Eh ROE AR TCA ls AERA — oe (hy = a? ALB) AwUx¥=3)—3, Afoornatizesd) = A/G 4-2). ‘The rides ane C — A = (5,2. 8) — 4, 2. 1.5) = (2.77. 3), Toicothe areata piven byrtheir eroce, (24,15, 19), = veya ote BO = fn 25.9°, anc CA m= m/2radians, are AB = x fradians, Crow A-B-C crOintoA wpet—A x C= A x B.orCsin f= Bsiny ct Bak 4 4H ‘Volunge = 18 eur, Wa) A-BocC= 0, A isthe planeof B end ©. The parallelpipod has ‘em bnight shave the RC pane ant benno vel. ) Ax Mx Qe 849408 ‘The BAC-CAB rue gives L = mae x (@ 2) = mbar = mre — Fw P= pwr [ro? — or. 0] follows from (A x BY? = APB? — (AB). Using mx (ba: 6) = a ch —a- be, etc. get In eb = a bel Ib ae-—D -ea] [6 ba — €- abd 0. 1st 15.02 161 16a les Wat Ws Phe tvipke sca peoivet A =IB 9 C ia the volume spanmed hy the vectors, A Bx C= 170, Ax (Bx €) me 0% — a0 450, Cx Ax By hx (Cx Ay MOR 485 +, D(H x ©) GA Ch ee, (2B) (C3 D) = H(A BD CLD [A-OB = 8 ALD = (AC) D) = A DUD-C), tay =H L4G 4 3). Ub) 3/196. fo -1ail®, 270, 37414)", UB = FQesp de. tbat) Feet) = Bort det dt) — Pte +00) + Bors 41) Fes) = (chr VOR 4 SE lt. {V (uu) = EVE Lu follows, fom ihe product ule of diferemtiation, fa) Since Vf = HEWa + 2 Ow = 0, Wie andl Fe are posal 50 Usa (ee) x (Va) O.and vice vers (b) 1F00u) x (Ye) =O, he Ewe-dimersionol volume spared by ‘Vie ani Wo, also given ty the Racin vanistes, fai sin oF 4.008 cay, We fay From ie ear? (eon? wo sin) (0) Ditfereaiating ¥ above we pa = erties wt by sincod) = "The product rule of uiffencatiaton ia esmjunesion with fa x bh) © = ©). cl, gives tach) = be (W xa) (7 2) _ Lat 183 laa a7 139 18.13 rate tate 192 ANSWERS TO MISCELLANEOUS PRGELEMS Veg) 309 - arte Vr for r > 0, Since E ~ VO/rh VE ~ Pfr) = fro ()the change generates singly. “Tho cine gives gy = Bh gy he the grade tence ikea coveian! vot. WV A= than Pte VRASA(Y 1p 0-0-0, From: S209 xn =o, ox ewe pet Ws (wo x IL =—ie x V, then the determing form of the eross prodect gives 1 (03 = yg), cin emits o hi (3 — yo), Gin amits of fy. eve. Sag)L, Lalon = iejayeyhe Lym (ax by «Le. Apnly the boe-ea rule to get Ax (Vx A} = SVCAY) (AVIA, “Tis ator 1/2 ecours bocane V opal hy mone AL VO Ix C= VA x (axa h.) =r retin Foy = eB Fromithe BAC-CAB mie for 2 wiphe vector product Vie (V x Vie V(V-¥)— (8 WIV, ‘Since V acls on the yectar field Vaid a “eb = bars 6, we have 10 waite V fis, Vx tpt yy= Up x Vet ph x (We =O40=0. Using Eavncise 17.5.8 - (Wee x Wi} = (Va) -€0 x Va) — (Fa) -1¥ & Fu) = 0-0= 0, Vig a V- Vago Ohandl V2 Vie = 0 Fe Gr WS |W Te VF T= 2 dt PV ag PB, Sines Ve Vy = AX A= 0, and pss Aye = Ac ph = ACV x Ay with Vx A = BB, we have (p ~ ey x (p= eA = melp x At A x phy eA x pai x AA > phy m feBY. ex V(r Vi ay? 28 PV prea We CHAPTER 5 (2) Sk, (by ISK, Ge) 15K faye. tb) era. 1 Fora constant yector nits diversenes is coro, Using, Gis theese ake um f v-udema- Mv where fe the closed svrfgee of the arhinray, fale: = 0 follows From Yor 3 i Gas theorem we birve Verde a3 f denav f rvde. [eredens [= where ¥ iethe volume enctosed by the ebosed surface Carver the cho! san face by onal (in generat euryea adjacent ect ‘ingles §) whee citeunfetence aa formed by (our Hines Ly exch, ‘Thon Stokes! theorem gives fy(V x A) te = Sy Jy (V AD” io = Fy fy, A+ = hecause all Hine integrals cancel eae oxher, Gows' theorem gives fy, V- Wyre = fe Wye ate. ‘Apply thceonespending defimlion ofthe diverzenss loth wetor Wye jn conjunction with the mean valoe thors for the volumes ites Apply Cause theorem 10 W-(gh) = Ve -B+pV-E = -E* +69 ep. where fe... @R-alo = 0. | volume V- Anan O is {Using Gauss dhooeem weave frendr= fiteovx mer J vedbcareee foray a a es where the surface inkepral vanishes, Lao. iat Vins 128 Lizie Lia Liga 4147 1.1310 LIK ANSWERS TO MISCELLANEOUS PROBLEMS fora — weds = fd (nV) ~ WW - (n¥boldr = Poon = uVa) £ (Wu — uP) Vee PPR CoV = uWebdr flaVa— Wr} Virdle FV tlvWu — wens = f UV ne) eer ‘Using Stokes theurem for alonp enclosing the current, we got forxsoedam fautemt=§ ‘where the fist sufice ioral is over the area enclosed by the loop. sa the xceonal canbe Hnited wo dhe crass section ofthe wire carrying thecument, “The proof is de samme a foe Zam. “This folows from integration by parts shifing W fro wo w. "The negra ferm canes Fora closed loop. ee the jemi of Ex, 1129, be. f Vln) =A. = 0, ane apply Stokes theorem 2 feu¥y cio = fue —eVu) chen f¥ > (u¥u = vn). do = 2 f(Uu x V2) de, 11.3, exept for AV. erm hg. ase soo w= ali- iS) Osrsa, ‘The gravitational acceleration in the z-ireetioa relative to the Earth's: sauce ple ae GME 220 for O <= & , Thus. he force P= 228R. The force Fy =~ Sly ~ efit and Fy = yl ~ VPS tonerating F = VY, yletdy the potent Vm Saabs? fat yy am SE Carte a ale” peont), fies BV A $x 99 fer cowetana Inver |hwe= Fron the MaxwellFomday cq. ¥ x + 98 =0= wx (Ee a) we pet + at ‘With the result of Ex. 1.13.10 we have Bs g(B dev > B) = atVe = ee (8 AD = a Ve — He WA opis the chain rule fordft = 28 p $E 7A with vo $F sand te bac-cob rule for x (8 x A) me BEA) (6 WIA. CHartEn 1 7 Lida 152 13.6 ‘Gouxs aw ie atllt given by Eq. 1.168, i) [y¥-Ede = [E-de = 1 adr = Ofca by Css theo name tnd) Maexwre Gane” ea, ) Toke Eom E(r)® ond weiw Gast bw in radial for gitey (nm) = VR = SOO — te eS et Wtepraling E/E = —2fr yields in E = —2lnr 4 Ine, ie. ‘Variation of the constant gives 7 = 43 = yitr)/(dsrr2), o sg fttnca). 0B = pl, D = ef with aEyar = 0in XH Vx (Vx AMP SCVW Am WAN pm J, socked FFA pd follows, ‘Theme valu theorens gives finy-soy f FMA) de = Wipreo [AI $8) LN = thy coo # F(a) = J) -t dp 25.20 wr Vx FeO, re Pp hy fF 2, 0. This suggests (fut dows mot prone’ that the few fs conserve, ro) (0) Poleniial = P cos./1, dipate pencnaial, 2.5.25 (0) (9) follows becanse Vis w sur of its plane polar pat andl its ‘part, id is conan, Ch) The dose noe wow besauine sigur divuliven wf tle okie ‘unit vectors do Hot Vinist, and these crter into W7, de shown in Ex 252, LAY, = BY inne frameof neference, then define 4 coordinate trans oration fron thal tram to am arbitrary ene: x7 = xy(2, 50 that a ey go, _ Un By aah aa aap 08 A 28 282 283 sgmmemy of the ist and secand pale of indices, Fiat, = Ruin —Reinus tnees Urine phirs 06 Values ithe ix. — 36.vonponcils “They canbe thought of as 62h anatrix. Thesymenctry woderexehangs of pir indices, Kata = RiniksTedoces his males 106-7/2 = Zt esa ponents The Bisnchi identity, Riga, + Rink -+ Rints =O, roduc the inuepeaent components 1 20 because iCrepresents ene eons [Note that, upon asing the pornrutalien gyrmmetties one can aay sow tnt nl nr flan hy th xl Ena ah sal iffecont From eset other, “Zero, Each component haat least one repcated index and is therefore ‘The conuaction of two indiecs removes wo indices, while the derivative aude one, so thal (1 4} 1) = 2 =! ‘The sealer product of the fourveetors BM = (4. -¥) se = (2. ¥) isthe scalar a? = by — 92 ‘The dots suninhatin Aj A7B) is ocala, Thal Ky a8 econ tank ling fotkives: froin ths quoter thers, ‘Since KijAje = By isasccondbrank tensor Ue quetic theoren tells ‘us thal Kiy isa escrnebrank tensor, Sincethe phased = ker—ou fs aLorenty scalar andthe coordina (ct, #) Form a fou-vector, the quotient Uiconet saiym thal cfc, ) is fout-vector. Altemotively, siner 0 isa four-yecte and.e® asealan, Me %O — —1he® ipa Kour-wector, ‘The generalization of Une wrelly antisymnaciic: gye foo dace to ut dimensioes hax vy indices. Hence the generalized crows product -ey7,.AyB) iam antisymmctric tenser off rank ri = 2 yk I form 3. 46) ay = L (not surumed) Fereaeh f= 1,2,3, Wh) dyéye = 0 bosmne Ay is symmetric in é j while ei 8 aankisyrnanstic ind Je 16) Forcach ¢ in 61pyjug 10 be nonce, lass only ons vali: For and f.s0 that 7 = J. Enterchanging jp andl gives two terms, Irene the factor 2 () “There ane 6 permutations fj, A of 1,23 in enediyn = 6. 4 [ARIGUFERS TO MISCELLANECUS PROBLEMS 294 Given k implies p 4 g for gpk yf 0. Por eye # 0 requnes either fm pandso J mg. ork = and then j= p. Mesos EytEpnt = Sind ip — BiB 298 Using Ex. 20. and cpg = —Ey We BSE {A x UB x by = epag hea BCA = — Cpa — SieddA pBICy = HABE, 4 A-CBy. on = (882 89) ic a rotation, then (4 a)are= (Sng Sty) eaetsin ( cong sing \f 0 1) foae eee DB 0) fing cow (41 0) GGne “eme)= (1 a 2942 WAL= Leys By wim By = —By.then Bosman =ennteiye = CrByy — dyyBy)Biy = Bun — Beas = 2B 25.00 Using Fx, 29.4 we hme UA B)-AC XD) m typtEiaty Bs Ce Dy = Baldy Say Be DA) BPG Dy = A CHD = A. DB.C. 29) en ee Pe tha ifr 0} =—sioscost Pho alr 1 woot 2.109 Lota be the proper time on a gecesi snd w!4s) the vekeity oF {all Then the seal ay ext a ait (ave Se MAN att me tel (in Vg — Py Mp) Jnvotves the eevorigait denwvative which is a fourvector hy the quotient theorem, Note thet the use of the geodesic equation for oi te? ith by “ 210M rh == AU =225 go 0.60 su S8=272 gna OS6 m= 2.10.14 From the derivation of the yendesie equation we knew that re ni Lee (yam + Posen = Anan) - cusprens 6 Dtieang 1 LH RL = ial fe 3B” (the + Meta — Be) i = FE (ep + ten — 88a) 1 5 (Patan + A — Ap) ype = they — Peay ~ Ujidtio U om they — seyon™ (repr + deps — pass) L —ytion™ Bang + they dae) Zs = ky — 5 (Bune + Aaa — 27874) (yeu + may — em) SO. Inomkrto bind xf = Oderive covarianly the identity git! = 8), “Thies 0 = sue"! + kilt! = Bins. Dining this by Manatee eeu = A ives 2f = 0, 2.10.16 We have trom the geodesic equntion ate! yee atl cand fren parallel eispacing the welecity «om ts fam — Pt a 2.00.17 The covariant derivative ol'a vector Y! Ly poral ™ gl toy the Hiking procaine gy? q ESE py me Radel? — Pfiyile PS BO pp mille — Ty tr transport is given (CHAPTER 3 BML cay <1. (hy) <1, (ey 92/2. BUL2 The determinant of the coctiicients is equal 10 2. Thensfore 1 ontsvial sohutina exioks, 3AA2 Given the pair of equations +2y 16 ANSVERS TO MISCELLANEOUS PROBLEMS the couflicsents ofthe second equation differ trom thos: ‘fins ane jpn by a Factor 2, the datermrinsmt of (Ths) emis in 0. w {hy Shace the inhomogenccns fem triphasic differ oy The ae foetus 2 both nuserator dewerminants so vanish, (©) Muftices to solve x-+ 2y = 3. Given a, y = GB ~ 27/2. This fa the general wokliom for arbitrary values of 2 3.17 The Gauss ctimination yids lon $98 485+ aut x =10 2m Ath Sap io 5 Wry Zhe aes 6 Wy +485 = aq IS ay + 406 = 21S = 36x = 4838 50 that as = 2210/5658 = 0.992, as = (213 — 49816) /48-— O41, ig = (15 + 306 — 4Br9)/16 = 0437, arg me = LOrg — Sats — 304 — 28 1 = x5 — 4x4 — Bi —912)/10= 188, 5.2.1 Writing the product matrices in term of tear clemons. AB= (gti nt) BC m (Sy binncd. (ABIC = (Fe (Zaetn inn at Foea Cru binnt at = BBO) = (5 ti iylnt))s became prod Gelcof real and complex mamnihers are agsoctalive the parentheses cin Ieeteoppped forall matrix cleaneats, 442.2 Multiplying cut (A.-+ BA — B) = 6? + BA — AB: Bm APH B+ IBA 52.2 tw terns of mattis cements, A= (aie). we have (3, diye ron ara) = a id in) + (Dg Men) = CAND Brain BOA a) (2iy + FInd ta Hr) me ce — 02 4 HCO — ba) corresponds ay by at by) e102 by— be) | ww 3e)- (82) (aes ana the correspandence hokds fox addin ond subiraction. ‘Similarly, it holds for muttipticaoon bocaus fist {ey + FON (en rg) = layer, — by aa) + Hs + ats) CHAPTERS ie 325 327 ane 329 aa.12 3218 B21 3218 3221 3228 ( sayy = bybs an tain Faby) ay 4) 4 ‘factor (—I}ean be polled out of each wow giving the (1) overall. aba Cal AB= BA BG=CBaA CA=AC=B. neo, Expanding. the commutators we find [A.[B, CH= AIBC] — IB.CIA = ABC — ACB — BCA + CBA, 1B. IA. GI] = BAC — BCA — ACB + CAB, [C.|A, Bil = CAB — CBA — ABC 4..BAC, and subtrasting the tat double conuniutator fram the socoun! yields the fist one, since the BAC ane CAB terns cancel Woy = Ome fig For > Ry then aber D>, OieDt = Soenze Aimtiak seanpty Tor > B. By direct madtix multiplications and additions, Expuning in cartesian coynpovienin and multiplying we gol (oC We= aFejdhy + Fpun pee ye — WDD ie reybaery = a-blz-tie-fa xh, -* and y component: del = [Pe Sydnee, | 1s1P, dy] IP. dy Wy —afolPody |= IP lds 1A = kif then B= TA Ks uniquely solved by the real numer T= £B/A, wher A, Barethe leagihs of he eorsspending vectors [CR TA is valid, so is BY = BEA TA bA = (TAA ith b= A: B/A® so.that A- BY = 0. So, tet Bes BY, A= AR without fore of guaeraliy, ‘Theen (2) = e ) () ‘rads to Bm yA, or ve, 008 : * y= BjAaadt = (0° isancttion Busois (2 *) wham re kato Fume wi product elements (AB), = (Ly Mindray) = cebyad = ABA = AS Pata) = 7 Hence fie =O ford gk, Pane faze 32.98 Saat 3233 $2.36 AeeSWERS TO MESCELLANECUS PROBLEMS Ena diintiak = abs = Foy Matha “Taking the tace of A(BA) = —A°B x= —B yieky (2) = ABA) = (828) = te(B). AYA 1m AAS = Lathen Asm (ApA)Aa = Auta) = An. “Taking the determinant of AAT! s 1 and using the praducttheorcen iets det A det AH mB fet 0! ate! (rua). Thon 2. Note, Assume all muaris elements are neal 33 332 aa5 338 339 33.0 1 102. Taking the derwsrvinant of AA = 1 and syed decd on(A) om Um det (Ap imply (a) = 10°, Bm GOP = 80". WA=—A.S =. then (SA m= (BA) = eS) = —irCASD. OF = 1.2, dwn (0/0297! =0;'07' = 6; the prod hone “This follows fromthcinvariance the characteristic polynonsiah inde -snibaity transformations. bocaneve hs rece af the matin is the c= scientof the "=" ofthe char icteric poly meanal hom Ooty) = Het) det(S°) ceAA — Ma) = htt Sheet(A — Aly) det) m= det|S(A = Aly)! = dat SAS! = 2.1.) “This fellows (reo the jnvariange of the characteristic pol nomial under sinnilaity trmsformations, becase the determinant of the matrix is the eveflickat of 20 of the charweterisie poly foil, Fee the invaftce of he chasers olynonl sx 1A =—A then (OAO~!)* = CAO = -OA07. Eg. 4.63 is the roost genera form. Using thochainrule of dilfereatiaion, 3; ZT = fy, Yo, St in wef ESF, = Ei Pes gd kT = Ea Sa Tine CHAPTERS: 1" 343 Bad 345 347 Ba S410 aaa 3415 aaz0 A24 3425 355 356 0, (Dip Cle etc is nh, seed dG) (AB)! = AB" = BAY Biat BS Cy = Eg SS 1) = Day uh IAT =A, Bt = By then (AB + BAIT = BYAT + AIB! = AB4 Ba, —1B' Al — ANB = (AB = BA), tC! AC. then FC}! =(C! Oj =C—Cl iC Le (C. C_. Similarly C} = C.=C +e. iC! = (AB Bayt = Blat — ANB = BA AB = ~iC. (SAS')I = SA'S! = SAST. Ubi ete ht (ay UT! ba fen = Tm 1+ felt then H= Ht (6) ‘This follows from the sane expeation int. U'Uyt = Ui) Since p72 = Uy. $Ulg + ys)? = Alla bh 2ys 4 La) = flat yh Sine C= —C = O', anu Cp“! a = Poel! = yt = wehave (Cy67')T = Ome = CAC"! my", For a rotation 4 Une ang feo /2— 10 in hy east 2 + tor? sin /2) = y! costi-+y? sin for a boot along the x-aKis (ooh c/2—to™ inh £/2Dy ewe 24.2 sng 72) =p! conn yo sine. Cimon) = Aah 2Lie) + (foul TPL) (aes = LinLnrb + boykineyP Ls WALs) = Als). thon be) = ATI) upon anilipt t= (U,Uayt = ULL = fuses wath. Movngsthe (ner zen) eigevstoe to prow the ein, 44g) awed SESW By, Shey oo. -es bal S| = Sloat SH Pal SSH yal STE BA, 358 36,10 38.12 3.5.16 357 5.18 38.10 35.20 38.2 U:BU) with unitar UJUSB(U Unt ForMy, p24 ree (v3, 1/2 ap =0, re (LO. Dv wash ae hevE ne Ford =H = tive 2 R40 t=[-4 120 0 08, d= 16, = (0, Dive y= Hi, = (“LOE n= 0.00 ym (LOZ = 0,0. =e1.0 rym (1.0, Iyv. ris Ch vO r= (0,0, r= (¥% Oy Fs (.-2 Divo rr= (1,0, Div na bos n=, 92, D2 r= (,0,—D/2 v= (1, V2, 2. n= Qt, eed, ds cpm 1 Dv Ment ne ODN +h. ra = (1.0.0) 2 re OVE Dv CHnETERS a asa 35.23 a2 3526 3528 3530 ass ree v2, 0 A= 2, t= (1,0,0). ‘The cigermectony corresponding Lo depshats cigsmvalnes nice iS ne Ly Ame = 2,0, D/V5 das ap = U0, 2/5 bel = O1,0, Ae LOPE m=O, 2 m=O ua? =3 Mae fay Ape dee, eye 1/2 ev Bet—e SE pl m ste ete Myetee matl—e) (2) ext = ey ee Sines the cquadvoti: forrn x? 4- 2ey op 2y? ) Byz ez? = lel i pers writing: ea it is am ellipsoid ox an ellipse. sqqores, OF 9)? 4 QE Fm 3614 3617 42 RreSWVERS FU MISCELLATECUS PRSDLEMO A= Y=! the cigemabucs ar= A = 0 implying an sllip. and 2. Land 3. For A= Laneigenvector is) = (0,19 giving ci ofits anes. for. = Faneigenvectorisuy = C12, Higiving heather axis. v3 = (2, —2, 2) haofial tothe plancof the ellips ‘The eharsetcsintc polynomial ix = (.— 24)0.— 23) = 12 — 04+ Jab hia = AE — rt) tke), Soc also Ex. 33, TU e daw Je hen tte — eRe = [ate = fa. rom Ex. 2064 the eigenvalues have [| = 1, IU is Hermitian, the 2ix neal, hence 1. Yoy = —y7b ives for the detorminans deta) datiy) = (=1F" eetCyoddel(y), Hance is even. TEA = Shale) (sul them Alsi} = Aulys). Now that Ais omigue icon be cominveted from itseigenvaloes and eigenvectors, zi 8-H x Ww w =3(5 55) ia=(0{) (bh) =O i> B= A) = Fog AY/ul we then pot Bay = PEA Jal = Teal AY ethyy = (eM buy. 7 nail makin chemnehks ines or Mw (or colt) normaliza ueN(n— 1) arthogerality eonstenjntsi6.44°—n—nga—1)J2 = n(r— 1) /2 independent prarameters. Thone ane nt comphex matrix elements conaprising, 2n? paramc- fers. im normalizations, #(r — 1) unbogowalily constraints, and onc chetcrininant = J constrains, Le, 2n? — a — nti ~ 1) — 1 mn? — 1, ouariona 2 ais ala 423 ana 426 en det(evea) = det(e) del(e) = 1, and cicz i abo a2 x 2 mat with complex elements Ohat has ‘The prodiel of RAeiMt(e2) = Retyr + 92). This ix Exp (4:2). the frverce of £-(¢) iy RA—9). His not an ivworian subgroup, which can be ubocked by ,(/2)R- CMR, (—7/2) # Reb"). ti) Since ( a) is traceless and Hermition, it is & guneraor of SUED ba. 7. Oni off-diagonal Pauli malrix ix obtained from ffenentiating ay — Othe? » 2 rotation main Rg) of Ey (4.0 ‘viehling 19. The cormmutstor Iie, ra gives the third onc. Gi The 3 x Rnatrices by with xj, = 1,2. ¥in the upper tei 2 x 2 comer and revo elscwhere are tmackess, Hermiign sng Hinearly independent. Henex they a 3 generators of SU) corresponding othe SUC) mubgroup of SUC that lever the aris fixed. Two mors off-diagonal As ¢ are found by considering rotations tha eave the 2-axis unchanged. These have mero nthe middle tow are colin atl Hacer o's), rp ir tho comme, coupvetis ey See Ey. (4.611). Ag are constructed similar Com Folion that heavethe Iansunchonged. ie. they have zoroxinthe fr gone gn column and the 1.2:elements in the lover right 2» 2ecmet. The reetid diaganal generitor i is chovee with Une unit 2 » 2 mat in the unpet belt comer seas 10 be outside the SU(2) pubgiowp spanned by the x. For (As) ~ 0, its third diagonal lerncet mnt bho —2 on! zeros elsewhere in the third row and eolymnn, The VE normialiration follows from enforcing tr(23) = 2. Gi) “The C.imnir inventing is J, 43, Soc Ex. 4.21 for the eransfasmations that generate the tyes SUC2) saibgroupsf SUI. They teawe xt tor oF 4 unehIgeA AHS ‘malvices with 1 fer the digganal (JJ) cerment, zeros in columi Useere, and ihe clement dhe genera cf Eig, 4-36) in eerornaing places, ro explo SU) = ils +0) = HO) bab Weapply the penerinor J = + 4a to stero-componend wave function F = G1 0) in tonne of sn deinitesimal coordinate tation nl a aan ads aaa ANSINEPS YO MISCELLANECUS PROBLEMS comapondting sotaon of the www fametion waimponiot ald 1 WH SU Veh, + 9) Sona, 1 = FOWL bye yal, a + W, where the file denotce uansposition. acts on the sata eonrdinates (the argument of) nd the Paulie matrices: en the spin wave function tidy P| td PLE Pl SOti = 0. We apply Si. = Jip dss (0 the stale ICAL eMd Mf) using the (4) matrix elervemt that we knew This yields Lynd Mt) "a ONE ae x J) CUaied.m meat a Liven) Lima) DS Cont eumanny fare + Wana 1G re bare Ley} +, From which we prot with Lily + I}Lionis} wo pet > (a AG brn Hd MCE et TCU Wea DD eit BEY — wei eee I? EEG fests + lita — LAGS — te + G2 team! = cui ‘Grins thin evasion: wre whch dak C111, 009) = 0 CCL, HON) = taf? ste, Prokectne iu) atta- giv asimilr recursion, Using FP F041) = Gn tt bUb 4 D4 2a thy tf inconjunetion withthe squars-4004 wuts elements of Js yields third recursion nebuion, “The ditcet product of SUG}tlavar and SUC2)-spin ix chvicusly con ‘inc ia SUC), Since be ttully auksymamnctric Y= [1,1 1 ba ‘eanlaining @ single eoluann of six boxes is 1, the andiguak represen ‘on hs to eoerespondltothe YT = ||, contain ive foxes CHAPTERS: 28 162 468 495 Ad ans any sighs ohana Fle Oo 5as@t ib 63 withthe dimensions D = 7i/(63:2) = 7-5 ASand 1 eespoctvely. ‘The 35 dimensional SUC) representation conlaine four SUG) octess, iuca three spit ets and one spin-O octet, and aa SUNS) singles of spin-t, (6) The anormal get f en odes och = (b} Trace |= 2, Tree A ‘Anwe B= Tree C tb} ‘Trace | = 2, Truce B= —2 Trace Am Trace C= 0 oool roee oo1e O10 9, Uh) 8 elements (a) by even, CHAPTER § 528 5.26 Convergene foray = > 1. Divergent foray = by <1. (a) Diverzent, comparison with harmon series, (h) Divergent, by Cauchy ratio tot (6) Convergent, comparison with ¢€p).1

    I and. <1 Sudo + es SAILS FLA —2/bedn eM = T]. = faite tpn tp = ma man upon shifting # io the secund product dow ta 11 — 2 ane! cowreeting Fee the twin Bis ders 56 Fla- wey = Flo amtenuation (> 0) The distance forthe annplituets to fal by at Face of eixe/ he. 41a. Since Bf Ly. fe by Ue tity ade ity siz -#sintemz fi] (+53) Pe cosh 2= cosdz = fF] (1+ (5) wy thy 9 0 eek me 1 a 1 oy f= re Mea, Oe fle h & for Fare, Boek mat fod Ellipse, sertabaiior ans (a) = rb semianince axis (0) (b) lipase, vennienajor ania (uy o fa) = e4 hyperbola =r 23 — ellipae, somimajor sais akong at-xis. (b) = cp byperboln Y= 2 > cllipse, somimajorinis along a-anis. on 673 ANSIWERS TO MISCELLANEOUS PROBLENS, o | > ellipse. scmimaijor axis slong waxis > hyperboks, @ {> ollie, seminar axis skomg zetxis = hyperbola, Oo) w= y+ le. and pet, (by 2 =ercoshun, (© 2=-U/, wae tin, @ P= econ), w= ntik. “Thecemphex conjugate represents asimple reflection of ths vasa dos Ht Upset thesngle-pacserving paupwsiy of the Wansfowtation. “Thecocanate ines inthe=-plane tansfarminioeirdles “This is 3 form of bipolar coondinaten, wsaein, phon CHAPTER7 72 721 fw) = fleas — mm + Aid Feae—eny"! 4--- = fi eo / Fane — a0 Abe elfipses stand for xonve regular fenetion a 00, hi intra tepresenttion + 0, NES (6) Gy = pe [7-2]. 2D = coeprer iz CHAPTER 12 2 seey™ aven 1 OR Go “) Pa, (oosth, iy yay! rai omm~ ZE (2) meme. roe i 1s 7ps BM 0 2/8 2083 jo/sat 1221 Rome g MG “gas aaa o 0 0 16/258 1 aye 5/16 © 32 20/8 Los/16 Bas=1o "9 35/8 315/16 o 68 0 mye, 1 oyS Zor 143400) Aa | 2S 28/68 jaro Oo 0 8/6s 88/420 Oo 0 O 16/429 1 32 58 35/16 05/2 —7y8 315/16 Bula "9 ose —omyt6 | a 0 0 aI 1223 (hy 1225perruet $¥- (12.28) (1227). 480g ree = 124 gf Frat HOO) 1229 PLleosh) = Gy}e082" + 1/4 . F cpt Grau, oy lene 1232 Key FUE SE Pals), ch sesh. 19.3.0 hy Qoavergent by Gatiss est. 12315 et A io Yew, Ss 12316 1242 125.10 125.18 125.15 1264 ANSWERS TO PISCELLANEOUS PROBLEMS Fane geo Sa CG). Aatenen Entath= oe ay y Em rel eaten (cosbr >a Note: The derivative of H(cos6) loath Ko mwueited Lopendie Functions, Section 12.5. ‘Thisconteur keeps the function (f— 1)" fer—2yP* fer By 12.70) sSople valued. 4 Flew se m (8) Bt) = EE daar + INH Dy Paleo). Bote. = — dane Qt +2) Plea toose) ater be WD Gray fa) By = ee ' where «2 bs angular velecity, or is the suifee Clase dousity, and a is the radius of Une splicre. with dang (0) Ale) = UPS PeO56) a Be) = 2fSyaoe Pico) es BAH = WSnoae Pl (east, n> a. @) Using the ee 123, cHIPTER 12 yp. 1269 ¥f, = Pylcost = Ly8OScos?# = 30e07 04-9) aru =F} (cash) con 2p = 15/247 cos? 6 — 1) sin Beos By LP a8 (eset ce iy = 10S sin’ 6 cos ayy estar Cd ssxcorl armasies % ANSWERS To RESCELLANEOUS PROCLERS AVPTER'S 29 1287 ven= pon [ty (. 2)+ar(: (+ 2) errs $61.01) 43.14 @ ee a ee eet ee told Ca)-462)] —o t HAS) Abd = 5 1288 At CHAPTER 15 CHAPTER 15 coste/a)h, soe Pet = © 1k cooly" pdy ik sin(y?) dy = B30 X, (= Tie). 1335 WW, Wor = Urb DAC = V7 1341 ax aya Dt 12hs, Chebyshev 1, Eg. 13.69 ‘Chebyatie I Ex. 13:20 i544 TBS. Ua is 0 ora negative integer, M does notenisy, WM, U] > 0. 186.2 Lf shay eoeranation 0 ‘CHAPTER 14 exi“ian! da tuwe, th) Nat year) = 1.2.3. 10" sons of Ba! uC) = Mic. 1993 (@) WxN=Nmeerne 2 [Oy Bae — pond + (ax gowdexpl ut) Ne Oox + pau LAr 4: gx)O4 — Ax = nT Dexple(hx + at] 90) Nef P=embbGhx gon th rege 1436 437 on Se reper Ny 0) Neo) Se 143.10 cy -ABEWWERS TO MISCELLANEOUS PROBLEMS © Na = Wx OEM + NO) Ete Nx (0) SEO] nwerlus for 92 dxfox IS.1OK @) qq) = per [swheor + 2 ina Poe oe 15.102 (6) Qa) = Berth a at, _ ne oe 15.103 aoe Bel ee] XC) PR Lonny a api ere er gece i Ee rce ale a= Ta peat ‘This solution ts aed on the intial conditions E(O} = 0 (because he idlived imclvclanee L would have esr DC impstkancs) sad 1.00) = fo Kinitedl by’ a nosislanee ins werien with the fiery oc by the feral resistor: of dhe battery, Fatally 40 be consisend, gu=0. ‘coset —- cox bn sus Soe 15.124 FQ) = cosbkr, 15.1210 F@)= A rsiner. CHAPTER 16 16.1.4 1a = 0, thostifierencial equation will b: self-adjoint and Kx, 1) ‘will be symmeuie. CY, Scotign 16.4. 16.1.6 gc) = sinh. 162.6 9) =. CHAPTER 17 4 W621) XG) = fe MEX Ede. XCEL) is an orthogonalized Hermits pty 1631 (bY pls) Caine, (2) gl) = stax, 1639 Ay atv g(a) <1 Fe. De 15/2. galt) = 1 +i ous) ace Pits. 4 8 00) = Fer 7 fF xls) = Pe) perce, W637 1631 erm 14058523, prs I= 1.8685 4g = 84 5D). 163.12 1h FE OSRS2, 20h b= 18685 9. 1642 Gor) = 1/2 ED, 1643 24 — BEA, gute Me aT, do= FEE, ne) = eT = fa O

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