Escolar Documentos
Profissional Documentos
Cultura Documentos
Submitted by
ANSHAD.A.T
Reg No: 098001185002
AUGUST - 2010
BONAFIDE CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that the Inplant training report submitted to Anna University of
Technology, Coimbatore in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the award of the degree of
MASTER OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION is a record of original research work done by
ANSHAD.A.T during the period June 2010 to July 2010 of his study in RVS FACULTY OF
MANAGEMENT, Kannampalayam, under the supervision and guidance of Ms.K.UMA
MAHESWARI,MBA and the training report has not formed the basis for the award of any
Degree/ Diploma/ Associateship/ Fellowship or other similar title to any candidate of any
university.
Date:
Place:
DECLARATION
I, ANSHAD.A.T hereby declare that the In plant training report submitted to Anna
university of Technology Coimbatore in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the award of
the degree of MASTER OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION is a record of original and independent
research work done by me during June 2010 to July 2010 under the supervision and guidance of
Ms.K.UMAMAHESWARI ,MBA, Assistant Professor, RVS Faculty of Management,
Kannampalayam and it has not formed the basis for the award of any Degree/ Diploma/
Associateship/ Fellowship or other similar title to any candidate of any university.
First and foremost, I praise and thank God Almighty from the depth of heart that
has been the sources of strength in the completion of the project work.
The In-Plant training has been prepared under the guidance and supervision of
Ms.UMA MAHESWARI.K, Lecturer in RVS Faculty of Management. I
acknowledge my deep and sincere gratitude for his able and cordial directions.
I am also grateful to Mr. SREEJITH, Personnel Officer of CPD, for giving me his
valuable assistance at every stage of my In-Plant training.
I would like to thank all the workers of CPD for their friendly and co-operative
approach.
Big thanks to my parents for all support and encouragement, they have rendered
during the project work.
ANSHAD.A.T
ABOUT INTERNSHIP TRAINING
The purpose of internship training is to facilitate the intern to practice the acquired skills
independently or under supervision, as mentioned in the respective discipline course contents. The
focus of internship training should be to develop the methods and modalities for actual practice of
management study. Emphasis should be laid on ‘Hands on experience’.The settings of internship should
be preferably a decentralized setting in a organization structure like prodction,marketing,human
resource and finance department. At the end of the internship, the intern should be a confident, more
helpful in futures
Develop managerial skills and leadership qualities to function effectively as a leader of the
management team.
Attempt should be made to conduct a comprehensive assessment of knowledge, skills and attitude,
during and at the end of internship training. For this purpose, structured tools such as ‘Log books’,
‘Checklist’, ‘Observation schedule’, ‘Peer review forms’ etc. can be effectively utilized to objectively
document the performance. Each concerned department should formulate objectives and develop its
own assessment of internship training.
The tea industry in India was created to satisfy England's desire for high quality black teas
without dependency on trade with China. First, the British East India Company's monopoly of the tea
trade and its dominance over India where the Company maintained the largest private army in history
had to be broken. At the same time growers and tea experts were experimenting with seeds, plants and
cuttings secured from China which they believed would grow in India's climate. Notably, an indigenous
strain of tea plant growing wild in India had been discovered years earlier. The year 1838 marked the
first Indian tea harvest, a mere 350 lbs., to be auctioned in London. It was greeted with much
excitement and high reviews fromtea experts.
In 1858 the British East India Company turned its rule over India to Britain. The stage was set for
the rapid expansion of tea product. As it turned out the indigenous plants produced tea far superior in
quality to the Chinese transplants. And so the Indian tea industry was born.Now India produces more
tea than any other country.The tea industry is also denied the benefit of deductions under section 80
HHC of the Income Tax Act, 1961. Under section 33AB of this Act, assesses engaged in growing and
manufacturing tea are allowed a deduction limited to only 20 per cent of their profits. Other industries
are allowed 100 per cent deduction on profits from export production. (In Oct'98,however, the union
government granted this exemption to tea industry also.) The tea industry in India was earlier suffering
from stagnant production and low price realizations. 1996-97 was a year of turnaround and 1997-98, a
year for consolidation for the tea industry. In these years almost all the tea companies in the country
have witnessed increase in sales and profits.
The tea industry is also denied the benefit of deductions under section 80 HHC of the Income
Tax Act, 1961. Under section 33AB of this Act, assesses engaged in growing and manufacturing tea are
allowed a deduction limited to only 20 per cent of their profits.The tea industry in India was earlier
suffering from stagnant production and low price realizations. 1996-97 was a year of turnaround and
1997-98, a year for consolidation for the tea industry. In these years almost all the tea companies in the
country have witnessed increase in sales and profits.The farmers invested more on fertilizers and
upkeep of their plantations in 1997 and 1998 because of better price realizations which also resulted in
better output in the following years .
KAJAH TEA COMPANY PVT LTD is a part of the RAJAH group. This company was has a staff of around 65
personal. It is directed by Mr. HAJI ABDUL ROUF and is managed by Mr. JAISON.A.K. assisted by the
Mr.SREEJITH. The company has a traditional background and is engaged in the marketing of fast moving
consumer goods basically. (1) beedi (2) Tea (3) Salt (4) Dhahasamini (5) Tooth Powder and (6) Palm.
(1) Kasergod (2) Kannur (3) Kottakal (4) Kootanad (5) Guruvayoor (6) Palakkad (7) Addor and (8)
Trivandrum. The head quarters of the companies is situated in Guruvayoor.
It has direct as well as indirect distribution system. The services rendered by the company are
spot delivery to wholesalers and retailers in time. It renders quantity purchase scheme to the
middlemen and consumer offers and also seasonal as well as off seasonal gifts and discounts.
It has currently achieved at a target tea sales of 15 ton per month and is expecting to achieving a
target net sales of 36 ton per month. The company has arrived in a situation to deliver its products
through outside distribution channels.
It is hoping to keep a lasting relationship with the middlemen and the end users. It is aiming at
satisfying some of the consumers needs. The company focuses on hospitality and gives priority to
reliability and virtue.
HISTORY OF RAJAH GROUP
RAJAH GROUP was established by A. ABDUL KADER SAHIB in the year 1935 he started as a
business venture manufacturing Beddies with sales in Srilanka.the group also was involved in other
business etc. later due to changes in the foreign policies of the Srilanka to the staffs of its companies
their and shifted operation to India
The group gradually became a leading manufacturing of Beedies employing directly and
indirectly about 35000 in india.its products are In good demand in the states of Kerala, Tamil Nadu,
karnadaka, Andrapradesh and Maharashtra. the groups are received best tax payed awards in the states
of Kerala and Tamil Nadu
The group diversified in to the business like Timber,Terracotta Tiles, Ayurveda, Automobiles,
Tea, Salt etc. The group also involved in the tourisum located business and ows a scenic island on the
back waters of chettuva in Kerala .which functions as an Ayurvedic hospital. A similar ayurvedic
treatment center is also run on a 180 land in Kootanad, Palakkad district of Kerala.
The Group also has a software development business and caters to the requirerment of various
clients in india.
Rajah school,a CBSE school associated with the group offers quality education to more than
1400 students.
The group manufactures several ayurvedik products,most of which are used exclusively by
guests at its ayurvedic centres some of its products are marketed out side.
Besides this the group also manufactures kajah tea, Kajah lodized salt and “Bright Wash Dish”
wash powder .
ORGANIZATION STRUCTURE
The organization consists of the Board of Directors, The managing directors and the different
department heads which includes production departments, administration department, personal
department, finance department, marketing and material department. Under the material department
comes the purchase, stores and dispatch department. under the finance department comes accounts
department and under the marketing department comes the sales and distribution.
PRODUCTION DEPARTMENT
Department Chart
Production
Manager
Mechanical
Asst.Manager
Engineers
LAYOUT DESIGN
Every infrastructure requires having a layout. A layout is consisted of the detailed plan of the
structure being constructed or reconstructed. It emphasizes the arrangements and proper positions of
the basic elements of the plan. A layout serves as a guideline for the builders as well as the owners of
the establishments to visualize the physical appearance of the infrastructure. A layout also includes the
proper allocations of space and equipments that will be use within the production of the plant. It is a
very importance aspect within the manufacturing cycle.
Plants should have an ideal layout in order to improve their productivity means. A properly laid
out plant ensures a smooth rapid movement of materials and employees. However, plants layouts are
dynamic in concept because it tends to adapt several changes regarding the need for improvement of
the industry. One of the aspects that can affect the productivity of an industry is the plant layout. The
plant layout involves the planning path each component part of the product is to be followed within the
plant. It also includes the proper coordination of each parts so that the process of manufacturing will be
carried out in the most economical and practical manner. A plant layout is composed of a detailed plan
of the infrastructure – the sketches, drawings that are carefully scaled on order to achieve the real
visualization of the plan that is going to be implemented.
PRODUCTION PROCESS
The green leaf plucked from the garden are weighed either at site or in the factory. The Average
leaf plucked is around 20 Kgs in Munnar.
Weathering
The moisture content in the green leaf is taken out by this process by means of hot air. The
required Temperature is around 70°F. In preparing Orthodox Tea, around 70% of the moisture is to be
taken out.
Rolling
Weathered tea is fed into rollers. There are two types of Rollers viz., Single action - Here only
the top part rotates. l Double action - Here both the top & bottom part rotates. The function of the
roller is to twist the leaves. At first this is done without applying any pressure, subsequently followed by
medium and hard Pressure.
Fermenting
It is here that the chemical change do occur. The leaves starts changing its colour to somewhat
brownish. The period that is required for fermentation depends on temperature. The temperature
inside the fermenting room is normally 2°C less than the outside temperature. The time taken for
fermentation ranges in between 2 to 3.5 hrs depending on the season
Drying
This is the last of the manufacturing process. Here the Temperature should be around 230°F to
240°F depending upon the efficiency of the dryer. If the temperature is more than required, the leaves
will be burnt & if the temperature is less, we get the unburned tea. This Tea is also known as Dryer
Mouth Tea.
Sorting of Tea
Now the manufacturing process has been completed and we are having the loose unsorted
tea. This has now to be segregated into various grades. This is done with the help of sorting machine.
Normally Tea Gardens do have three types of sorters which do run in sequential order.
Middleton Sorter
Unsorted tea is first fed in this sorter which has simple trays for segregating the bulk from the
sized tea. Arnut Sorter - The output from the middleton sorter is fed in this sorting machine which has 8
to 30 inches ghogie of various sizes to get various grades. Pucca Sorter - The output obtained from the
Arnut Sorter is transferred into pucca sorter to get final grades.
Packing
The sorted tea is then packed according to various grades & after paying additional excise duty
of Rs 1 per Kg & a Cess of Rs 0.10 per Kg of the tea is dispatched (according to prevalent rate at the time
of writing).
LOADING
It is the part of Godown Management, the bailed material is loaded into trucks of respective
destinations for which the dispatch programmed is given to the godown, Godown people. It is the
physical movement of the product from the mill to the Godown, Godonwn to cutting center to depots.
The trucks capacity is 9 tons for short distance & 18 tons for long distance. Suppose a party from
Kunnamkulam place an order of 7 tonne of one kind of tea powder &3 tons another kind of powder &
another party of Kunnamkulam place an order of 9 tons kind of tea powder. In this case the clubbing of
destination will be done in such a way so that the load of 18 tonns on one truck will be ready in one
time. In this way the truck will be loaded at its full capacity. And this will help to reduce the
transportation cost.
UNLOADING
KAJAH Limited was using crane technique for loading and unloading their raw materials and
products. They are also using manpower for loading and unloading. They use both ways for loading and
unloading the things. KAJAH Limited was mainly use the above mentioned technique for loading and
unloading.
Scheduling
Scheduling energy requirement for processing tea. Energy is required for all the process in tea
manufacture. The process are withering, rolling, roll breaking, drying and grading. Both thermal and
electrical energies are required for the above processes. The thermal energy and electrical energy could be
used mainly for withering and drying while the electrical energy is also used for moving machinery such
as rollers, roll breakers and shifters. The Energy consumption in tea processing Schedule is given in Table
1.
-1
Table 1 Energy Consumption in Tea Energy (kWh kg Made Tea )
Processing Process
The thermal energy consumption for withering and drying is presented in Table 2
-1
Table 2 – Thermal Energy Consumption in Tea Energy (MJ kg Made Tea )
Processing Process
From the above tables 1 and 2, we could conclude that the total energy requirement to produce
one kg of made black tea is about 25 MJ (0.7-1.0 kWh of electricity and 1.4 - 2.0 kg of dry Fire Wood),
where the main energy sources are imported and expensive petroleum fuel and wood from mature
rubber trees. Hence total electricity requirement for all tea factories would be equivalent to a
generation from a 35 MW power plant when compared to the present installed capacity of 2172 MW A
solar thermal field with flat plate solar collectors had indicated there is a saving of 25-35% saving on fuel
and the same system could be used for refiring graded tea without auxiliary source However, this was
found to be uneconomical at present. Therefore, we have to explore the possibilities using fuel wood as
a bio-energy source.
INVENTORY MANAGEMENT
KAJAH Limited follow the National Forestry Inventory Model ( 2000). The 20km X 20km grid of
sampling points that was set by the National Forestry inventory (NFI) was used. This is a random grid. At
each point a plot is set up. This plot consists of two circular plots, two line transects, four mini-plots and
a soil pit. The larger circular plot, used for measuring large trees and visual assessments, has a radius of
11.28 m. The small circular plot, used for measuring smaller trees, has a radius of 3.99. The small tree
plot falls within the larger plot. The line transects, with a length of 24 m, are used for measuring coarse
woody debris. The four mini-plots are used for measuring small plants and seedlings and have a radius
of 0.56m.The soil pit is located outside of the largest circular plot and is used to obtain soil
characteristics. This model was followed in each of the Gwich'in PSPs. There was several additions in
plots done by the Gwich'in. The large circular plot was also used to determine wildlife and land use. The
soil pit was also used for testing soil pH and permafrost depth. Soil samples were taken from several
points at the edge of the plot. Inventory management is very important in the KAJAH Limited because
this industry was running with the production functions so the inventory is a very important one so the
company is gives more important to the inventory management. It will help to supply the inventory at
the correct time. That’s why the production process is going good. Their inventory management is
controlled by the purchase department.
The main problem to face the industry was the sufficient materials for the industry to work. This
was a very major problem. Because the raw materials are not getting in a big scale it will affect the work
of the company so the KAJAH Limited was give more important to the material required planning. They
will provide a separate group for the material requirement planning. The group conducts the research
and last they will give the right information about how much material is required for the industry to
work easily in the market.
Research and development
Establishment of model farms – the project would support the establishment of model farms in
the three regions of each companies. Research and development on model farms – the project would
support the research and development establishments in both companies for undertaking soil
management practices, the development of bio-organic fertilizers, pests and disease management and
the conversion of existing tea gardens to organic gardens.
Workshops, seminars and dissemination. Organic Tea Research and Development Centre
(OTRDC)Tea Board of India, the Collaborating Institution The Tea Board, an independent body under
the Ministry of Commerce, is the apex body for the tea industry in India with responsibility for the
implementation of the Governments regulations and policies. It is involved in all aspects of promotion,
development and research on tea in India including all activities at the national and international level.
The Board consists of persons representing the Parliament, owners of tea estatesand gardens and
growers of tea, the Government of the principal tea growing staes, persons employed in the tea estates
and gardens, dealers, manufacturers, consumers andother interests. It provides financial support to
three regional institutes in Assam, Darjeeling and Valparai. To help develop the Indian tea industry, the
Board promotes tea research and export of tea world-wide, collects and disseminates statistical data as
well as encourages labour welfare programmes, among a host of other activities all aimed at ensuring
the health and vibrancy of one the world’s largest producer of tea Major activities: Research and
Development on conversion process, standards on new organic plantation, organic composting
methods, soil management, bio organic fertilizers, pest and disease management, bio pesticides,
processing and packaging technology, methods for processing, storage and handling, etc.
We have formed a Quality Management System (QMS) to improve the quality of the product and to
fulfill the requirements to get a certification in accordance with EEC –regulation 2092/91. Internal
Control System (ICS) team was sent to UPASI/KVK (United Plantation Association of South India/ Krishi
Vigyan Kendra, Coonoor Tamil Nadu) for an in depth training on various aspects of tea cultivation and
organic farming practices
ICS team created a database of all 1175 farmers of STFC with details of production practices,
economics of scale, etc., and they upgrade database regularly. The data is readily available in both soft
and hard copy for quick reference. It means all the people of the organization are committed to product
quality by doing right things right, first time, every time by employing organization resource to provide
value to customer TOTAL Every one associated with the company is involved in continuous
improvement, in all functional area, at all level. QUALITY (1) Quality means fitness for use. (2). Quality
means productivity, competitive cost, and timely delivery, total customer satisfaction. (3). Quality
means conformance to specification and standard. (4). Conformance to requirements. (5). Quality is
what the customer says (6). Quality means getting every one to do what they have agreed to do and to
do it right the first time and every time. MANAGEMENT Executive are fully committed Decision in a
planned way. To maintain existing lever of quality .To improve existing lever of quality. Effective
utilization of resource. quality policy
The company manufactures and supplies of various grades of TEAS . It will our endeavor to
continuously improve the quality and service of our products for better customer satisfaction. Every
individual in the unit shall stand committed and focused to this stage objective by adopting total quality
management (TQM) metrology aimed at continuous improving our system, practices and preference.
Thus constantly reducing cost through minimizing wastage. We shall be committed to comply with the
requirements is international standards on quality management system and continually improve its
effectiveness in its true sprite through involvement of employees and training.
QUALITY CIRCLES
A strict quality circles is observed which is translated into world Class Quality, and is reflected in
the companies growing International Presence. During the entire Production Process efforts are made to
maintained the quality. The Inspection is done as mentioned below
1. Preliminary Inspection: This is done to check out whether the raw material used is per the
requires standard. Heating of raw material (i.e.) Plastic Granules at certain degree and the melted
mixture is observed if the mixture appears to be reddish it shows that raw material is not of desired
quality and cannot be used for manufacturing process as it can result into defective pieces. Thus the
lot is returned backed to suppliers.
2. Daily Production Process Inspection: A Quality Control Inspector is appointed with the
team members to continue the inspection process. Inspection of the manufactured tea powders is
done at every 2 hours manually to check out , Durability, Colour etc. and at the end of the day
report is to be submitted to QC Production.
3. Post Production Inspection: Once the required batch is manufactured, out of that total
batch some random samples of 50 are taken and if defective pieces exceeds size of 5, than the
entire lot is reject's and sent for the Reprocess
4. Final Inspection: Here the same procedure of Inspection for quality is undertaken as followed
during production process. Random sample are taken from the batch to be dispatched
Highly qualified nutritionist, a veterinary doctor is posted for the supervision of the products. At
each and every process is checked for the improvement of the product, auditing and inspection is
conducted at every stage for the continuous quality improvement.
AVOIDANCE OF ACCIDENTS
As technology develops, economic activity varies and cultural attitudes change, the factors
influencing accident situations in industry also change. One area of substantial technological
development has been the way in which the massive increase in computational power has allowed
sweeping changes in the control of safety-related systems applied to plant and equipment. identify and
present the significant strengths and weaknesses of the proposed method and how it fits in with wider
issues such as incident reporting, incident investigation and process improvement. Effectiveness in
learning all possible lessons and preventing further incidents. increase the awareness of industry and
other organisations to common problems. Safety is built into the design and maintenance. Once it is in
operation , it is controlled by technical systems with limited input from the plant controller is very
different. Technical systems provide, integrate and present data, control decisions are the responsibility
of human beings ,who work according to highly developed rules and procedures.
SAFETY MEASURE
The safety and health aspects of employee is concern for the organization, as employee are
assets of company. The whole and soul responsibility of employee health and safety measures lie on the
shoulder of HR department. Hence such types of measures reduce the chances of accidents.
MACHINERY MAINTENANCE
Maintenance is understood as a set of activities which help keep the plant machinery,
equipment, and other tools and fixtures in operating and running condition to avoid losses and
accidents during the production. It is understood as the function of manufacturing management
that is concerned with day to day problem of keeping the physical plant in good operating
condition.In a companies like "KAJAH GROUP" where the daily production of TEA is
approximately accounted to 10 Thousand pieces a breakdown in machine can cause huge
financial and market losses to the company. Company also is known domestically and
internationally as a quality tea supplier and thus for all that effective maintenance is required,
Company is also aware about the same and is having a very competent team of maintenance
Engineers to ensure smooth and efficient functioning of the Plant and continuous Production
Process.
MAITENANCE COMMITTEE OF KAJAH TEA LIMITED
GM Technical
Dep.
GM Production.
lubrication and repair of production equipments after their services life. Routine maintenance
are of two type as under:
a) Running Maintenance: Running maintenance is practiced when the machine are actually
involved and running the production process. Here when Injection Moulding Machine is
processing regularly greasing, lubrication and temperature is maintained for the effective
functioning of the machine.
b) Shut down Maintenance: Shut down maintenance is of most important. It is carried out
at each Friday as on that day is holiday due to staggering. Entire maintenance activities related
to all the machines is carried out on this day by the above mentioned staff.
The company manufactures and supplies of various grades of TEAS. It will our endeavor to
continuously improve the quality and service of our products for better customer satisfaction. Every
individual in the unit shall stand committed and focused to this stage objective by adopting total quality
management (TQM) metrology aimed at continuous improving our system, practices and preference.
Thus constantly reducing cost through minimizing wastage. We shall be committed to comply with the
requirements is international standards on quality management system and continually improve its
effectiveness in its true sprite through involvement of employees and training.
Product Standards
The Indian Bio-Organic Tea Association and the Tea Research Institutes have been working on
developing the parameters of organic tea production and processing. These efforts, however, have been
somewhat limited and there is a need for expanding the activities. At the same time, the Government of
India has been drafting policies that will regulate organic farming and certification in India. A “Guideline
for Production of Organic Tea in India” has been prepared on the basis of nation allergenic standards
drawn up as part of the “National Programme for Organic Production”. There are plans to establish an
Indian organic certification body recognized and accredited by all external agencies. Certification office
establishment /standard development Training of inspectors and certifiers. Establishment of central
office and four regional offices. Tea production is highly labour intensive and the industry creates jobs in
inaccessible rural areas. Millions of people in the world are dependent for their livelihoods on being
involved in tea production. Prices on the tea world market have dropped dramatically over the last 20
years, resulting in large social problems in the production areas. The Ethical Tea Partnership, a sector
initiative of 17 traders, has monitored the labour conditions on large tea plantations since 1997. Other
certification systems are Fairtrade, Rainforest Alliance and Utz Certified.
BENCHMARKING
Benchmarking is the process of determining who is the very best, who sets the standard, and
what that standard is. In baseball, you could argue that seven consecutive World Series Championships
made the New York Yankees the benchmark. It is done to motivate people to improve toward that goal.
Bench marking is usually part of a larger effort, usually a Process Re-engineering or Quality Improvement
initiative. Benchmarking is a management tool that is being applied almost anywhere. Once we decide
what to benchmark, and how to measure it, the object is to figure out how the winner got to be the best
and determine what we have to do to get there.
JAPANESE TECHNOLOGIES
ISO14001certification
Indian tea producer and its estates conform to the most rigorous environmental and safety
standards. In Dec. 2000, it became the first India tea producer to acquire ISO 14001 certification for
environmental management systems. It conducts an environmental protection program on a
continuous basis as an integral part of its business activities. All its major tea production facilities
acquired certification for implementing ISO 14001 management systems, as well as increasing
environmental awareness among employees. Fair Trade Certification & Commitment Indian greens tea
and estates are fair trade certified conforming to the highest labor and environmental tandards. Fair
Trade is a product certification system designed to identify products that meet agreed environmental,
labor and developmental standards. Overseen by a standard-setting body, a certification body, the
system involves independent auditing of producers to ensure the agreed standards are met. Companies
offering products that meet the standards may apply for licences to use the india Certification Mark for
those products.
NEW PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT PROCESS
Goal: The project aims at developing the technology, skills and systems of organic tea production. It
would include the development of appropriate technology for the establishment of new, and the
conversion of existing, tea areas to organic tea farms. The project also aims at the development of
acceptable international standards for the export of organic tea and the establishment of an
internationally accepted certification mechanism in both countries. The project includes an assessment
of the demand for organic tea exports and the development of appropriate export strategies.
Purpose
Research and development on model farms – the project would support the research and
development establishments in both companies for undertaking soil management practices, the
development of bio-organic fertilizers, pests and disease management and the conversion of
existing tea gardens to organic gardens
Workshops, seminars and dissemination
B. Support to Establish a Certification System
Consultancy services
External and internal training for certification inspectors
The development of standard
standards including the holding of national and
d international workshops,
workshops
and The establishment of a unit with trained staff and office infrastructure.
HRA
Manager
Asst.HR Admin
Manager Executive
HR
Admin
HR Officer Coordinato
Officer
r
Personal Training
Departmen departmen
t t
Maintaining Operating
Recruitment Training Welfare
Payrol Training
Sources of Recruitment
Recruitment as the process of searching for and obtaining applicants for jobs, from among
whom the right people can be selected. Recruitment is the process of finding qualified people and
encouraging them to apply for work with the firm. Responsibility for the overall recruitment process is
assigned to human resources managers. They are responsible for designing and implementing a
recruitment program that will meet the tea industry’s personnel needs while complying with all legal
requirements. This responsibility includes finding sources of applicants; writing and placing
advertisements; contacting college; agencies and labour unions; establishing procedures to guarantee
equal employment opportunity; and administering the funds the firm has budgeted for recruitment.
Recruitment Process
HR practices its function in each and every stages of recruitment. The process comprises five
interrelated stages.
Planning
Strategy development
Searching
Screening
Evaluation and control
The ideal recruitment programmed is the one that attracts a relatively larger number of
qualified applicants who will survive the screening process and accept positions with the organization,
when offered.
Personnel Job Employee
Planning Analysis Requisition
Screening Potential
Hires
Strategy Development
-Where
Applicant Evaluation
-How Population & Control
-When
Methods of selection
Selection is a process of picking individuals with requisite qualifications and competence to fill
jobs in the organization. Different company apply different methods and procedure for selection. It
basically depends on the management policies and the size of operation.
Selection Process
Selection is a long process, commencing from the preliminary interview of the applicants and
ending with the contract of employment. Selection process differs among organizations and between
two different jobs within the same organization. Selection procedure for senior managers will be long-
drawn and rigorous, but it is simple and short while hiring shop-floor workers. Kajah tea company, the
different types of test taken are knowledge test, trade test, interviews and managerial grid for
executives.
General Selection Process
External Environment
Internal Environment
RA RA RA
Job Offer
RA: Rejected Applicants
Employment Contract
Evaluation
Selection Process for Managerial Department in kajah
Pre-placement
Presentation
Group Discussion
Extemporization
Preliminary Interview
Letter of Offer
Training & Development for Employees
Training is concerned with imparting developing specific skills for a particular purpose. Training
is the act of increasing the skills of an employees for doing a particular job. Training is the process of
learning a sequence of programmed behaviour. In earlier practice, training programme focused more on
preparation for improved performance in particular job. Most of the trainees used to be from operative
levels like mechanics, machines operators and other kinds of skilled workers. When the problems of
supervision increased, the step were taken to train supervisors for better supervision.
Management development is all those activities and programme when recognized and
controlled have substantial influence in changing the capacity of the individual to perform his
assignment better and in going so all likely to increase his potential for future assignments.
Training and development can be initiated for a variety of reasons for an employee or group
of employees, e.g.:
As part of succession planning to help an employee be eligible for a planned change in role
in the organization
Training activities are designed in order to impart specific skills, abilities and knowledge to
employees. Effective training is basic ingredient of success in the TEA industry. The concept of training is
endorsed my most managers in the TEA industry, yet managers often give little thought to the training
function in the context of their own business or departmental responsibilities until something goes
wrong! One of the main problems in TEA industry is that investment in training and development of
employees is a reactive process for many companies. Frequently, training and development arises as the
result of significant change in the operational environment or as a consequent of crisis such as staff
turnover or major departmental problems. Training is then used to cope with the immediate difficulty.
This process may be proved costly to Company. Whereas development refers to learning opportunities
designed to help employees grow and evolve a vision about the future.
Provide a well-crafted job description - it is the foundation upon which employee training
and development activities are built
Provide training required by employees to meet the basic competencies for the job. This is
usually the supervisor's responsibility
Develop a good understanding of the knowledge, skills, and abilities that the organization
will need in the future. What are the long-term goals of the organization and what are the
implications of these goals for employee development Share this knowledge with staff
Look for learning opportunities in every-day activity. Was there an incident with a client that
everyone could learn from? Is there a new government report with implications for the
organization?
Explain the employee development process and encourage staff to develop individual
development plans
Support staff when they identify learning activities that make them an asset to your
organization both now and in the future
Employee Training
Communications: The increasing diversity of today's workforce brings a wide variety of languages
and customs.
Computer skills: Computer skills are becoming a necessity for conducting administrative and office
tasks.
Customer service: Increased competition in today's global marketplace makes it critical that
Diversity: Diversity training usually includes explanation about how people have different
Ethics: Today's society has increasing expectations about corporate social responsibility. Also, today's
diverse workforce brings a wide variety of values and morals to the workplace.
Human relations: The increased stresses of today's workplace can include misunderstandings and
conflict. Training can people to get along in the workplace.
Quality initiatives: Initiatives such as Total Quality Management, Quality Circles, benchmarking,
etc., require basic training about quality concepts, guidelines and standards for quality, etc.
Safety: Safety training is critical where working with heavy equipment, hazardous chemicals, repetitive
activities, etc., but can also be useful with practical advice for avoiding assaults, etc.
Sexual harassment: Sexual harassment training usually includes careful description of the
organization's policies about sexual harassment, especially about what are inappropriate behaviors.
Benefits from Employee Training
Enhanced company image, e.g., conducting ethics training (not a good reason for ethics
training!)
Risk management, e.g., training about sexual harassment, diversity training
Firms should be fast and responsive. This requires responding to customers' needs for quality,
variety, customization, convenience and timeliness. Meeting these new standards requires a workforce
that is technically trained in all respects. It requires people who are capable of analyzing and solving job
related problems, working cooperatively in teams and 'changing hats' and shifting from job to job as
well. Training has increased in importance in today's environment where jobs are complex and change.
Rapidly. Companies that pay lip-service to the need for training, by lazily setting aside a few hours a
year, will soon find themselves at the receiving end when talented employees leave in frustration and
other employees find it difficult to beat rivals with new products, sophisticated designs and improved
ways of selling. To survive and flourish in the present day corporate-jungle, companies should invest
time and money in upgrading the knowledge and skills of their employees constantly. For, any company
that stops injecting itself with intelligence is going to die.
Induction &Orientation
Orientation is the planned process of introducing new employees to their jobs, their co-workers
and the organization. The main purpose of induction is to relieve the new employee from possible
anxiety and make him or her feel at home on the job. These orientation programmes are carried out
formally as well as individually/collectively in the company. These programmes are carried from 1 weak
– 2 weak.
For Example: In most of the tea company that I visited the time spared on orientation
programme is one week. In Kajah tea company, the problem faced during orientation programme is of
adjusting schedules. The topics, which are covered in the induction programmes are given in the
following table:
Organizational Issues
Employee Benefits
Introduction
• To supervisor • To co-workers
For Example: In most of the Companies that I visited the performance appraisal is done on
yearly basis but in Kajah tea company day to day basis the briefing of employee is done. The companies,
the rating scales method is used by the way of Questionnaire (1-10).
Create a culture of excellence that inspires every employee to improve or lend himself or herself to
be assessed.
Align organizational objectives to individual aspirations.
Provide new challenges to rejuvenate careers that have reached the plateau stage.
Design an Appraisal
Programme
Appraise
Performance
Performance
Interview
Motivation Methods
Employee motivation ideas and programs form an important part of the business strategies.
Motivational programs are directed at different departments at different point of time. The approach
preferred by organizations differs from each other. Conducting result oriented employee motivation
programs at different levels of the organization can ensure continued success of the business interests.
Employers must be very specific and precise while selecting the right employee motivation programs.
They should consider existing business programs and models. Analysing the potential of existing
programs can help them in devising new but more effective motivational programs.
Flex hours: you don’t have to say, “I want the job now.”
A thank you note: there’s nothing that works wonders other than a thank you note from a
senior.
Make work fun. Introduce Monday as blue day and Tuesday as green and so on, so
coming to work becomes fun. You can organise mini ideas that bring mega fun. Like
circulate an office party picture and let everyone write a caption to it or send them a blur
picture and let them figure out who is the person.
Let them go early: Everyone has a personal life. So if your subordinates or colleagues
want to go home early for a wedding, birthday or any personal reason let them off. Yes it
should not be a habit but at the same time if you hold back all the times you will get a
frustrated employee.
Reward effort: we only wait to reward when success is achieved. But there are many
efforts that go into making it real. So if you reward efforts at the initial stages, success
comes faster and there are many that will come sooner.
Hot Coffee – make coffee and tea available as this is what keeps them fresh.
Celebrate birthdays – everyone feels special on their birthday. Give them the edge by
having a cake cutting session and call the entire office to make them feel good.
Labour welfare refers to taking care of the well being of workers by employers, trade unions,
and government and non-government agencies. Recognizing the unique place of the worker in the
society and doing good for him/her retaining and motivating employees, minimizing social evils, and
building up the local reputation of the Tea are the arguments in favour of employee welfare. Hence this
area has generated one more area for practicing of HR roles. The HRD has a major role in the
development and management of benefits programs. These benefits are designed by HRD in order to
suit the requirement of employee. And further, they are sent to the top management for approval.
Thereafter they are implemented. These benefits, which are given to the employee, are both financial as
well as non-financial.Some of the benefits and Facilites, which are practiced in the KAJAH Tea Company
are as follows:
Legally required payments
Old age, survivors, disability and health insurance
Worker’s compensation
Unemployment compensation
Contingent and deferred benefits
Pension plans
Group life insurance
Sick leave
Maternity leave
Payments for time not worked
Vacations
Holidays
Voting pay allowances
HR activities like Payroll bring to mind, a stream of innumerable printouts, forms and transactions.
Although repetitive, these are critical functions within an organization. Payroll services require constant
evolution of best practices and focus on accuracy & discipline. we understand every aspect of payroll
management & have the ability to customize it to meet all our client requirements. With more than
2500 clients globally and partnering with some of the largest Indian and Multi national companies in
India, our experience has resulted in a consistent growth curve. TalentPro's complete payroll solutions
comprises of –
A Framework for Human Resources Management. It was developed by members and its
representatives of the organizations common system and representatives of the staff. The purpose of
the Framework is to enable the organizations common system to manage their human resources
effectively. The philosophy underlying it is grounded in the principles emanating from the provisions and
the need for the organizations to recruit staff with the highest standards of efficiency, competence and
integrity, with due regard to the importance of recruiting the staff on as wide a geographical basis as
possible and to the equal participation of men and women in the work of the organizations . Avoid any
competition in the employment of staff that may result from fundamental differences in the
compensation package. Facilitate mobility of staff across the system
Mission
Customer Service and Product Innovation tuned to diverse needs of individual and
corporate clientele.
Continuous technology upgradation while maintaining human values.
Progressive globalization and achieving international standards.
Efficiency and effectiveness built on ethical practices.
Customer Satisfaction through
Vision
The Innovative Practices in Human Resources process uncovered 12 practices that are reducing
HR costs and improving service quality to employees. Key findings from this research included the need
for HR managers to streamline processes, lower overhead costs, and enable their departments to
advance from transactional organizations to strategic partners in the business.
GRIEVANCES REDRESSAL
As a measure of ensuring quicker services to Employees a token system is installed in the
Facilitation Centre. The visiting Employees may also meet the Regional Provident Fund Commissioner
and the Officers in Charge of Sub-Regional offices who will personally hear the grievances of the
members who call on them on all working days even without prior appointments
PUBLIC GRIEVANCES In compliance with the directives of Rajah Group from time to time, the
following actions have been taken to activate Public Grievance Redressal System. As regards the Public
Grievances appearing in the newspaper column, Corporate Communications Department is entrusted
with the job of scrutinizing and forwarding the grievances to the concerned Head of Department who, in
turn would examine the grievance and take prompt action for its redressal.. General Manager is
functioning as (Public Grievances)
During World War II, the National War Labor Board gave great impetus to the use of arbitration.
The board heard over 20,000 labor disputes during the war and frequently mandated that future cases
employ arbitration. The president's National Labor-Management Conference of 1945 also
recommended the application of the arbitration process to settle labor disputes.
A number of initiatives and strategies were taken to promote and sustain a conducive climate
for smooth operation of the Plant. The most important initiative in this direction was strengthening of
the foundation of a sound and effective collective bargaining system. To uphold the spirit of
participation in management and nurture participative culture of the Company, total of 13 Joint
Committees at Corporate, Shop/Department levels, Welfare Committees at Department and Apex level
have been constituted / reconstituted to discuss issues relating to production, productivity, quality,
safety, corporate affairs and also other work related points like incentives, job rotation, deployment and
redeployment. Sporadic incidents, sudden work stoppages and pressure tactics have diminished to a
satisfactory degree because of the availability of Participative Fora as an institutional machinery for
ventilating grievances and resolving genuine demands of the employees.
PRODUCT PROFILE
Contents :Tea
1kg(Red) RS.380
1kg(Blue) RS.460
DEPARTMENT CHART
Marketing
Manager
MARKETING FUNCTIONS
The Sales Function. Sales Reporting, or reporting on business, trends within assigned sales
Advertising: It is any paid form of non personal presentation and promotion of Ideas, goods or
services by an identified sponsor. Advertisement can be in the form of TV Adz's, Newspaper &
Magazines, Banner & Hoardings, Print Media, and Or Internet. Advertisement of Todays mainly uses TV
Ad's to promote their sales. Company has been regularly endorsing celebrity for its brand
(Balasubramaniyam, Raima Sen Etc). Some of the Newspaper in which AD's of Company appear are as
under: The Economic Times, The Times OF India, The Indian Express.
Sales Promotion: Sales Promotion is also one of the elements of promotion mix. It is done to
promote the sales of the product.Comapny uses different Schemes for the Super Distributors,
Distributors, Retailers & Wholesalers. Target Selling is the criteria for the Super Distributor if they
achieve that target specified they are awarded with commission (Not Disclosed). For Wholesalers &
Distributors different Scheme like Scratch Card, Lucky Draw, Discount on Bulk Purchase. Different Gifts,
Commission etc are used to promote sales.
MANUFACTURING
FACILITIES
SUPER DISTRIBUTORS
ZONE WISE
DISTRIBUOTRS STATE
WISE
WHOLESSELERS
RETAILERS
CONSUMERS
The Below mentioned is the List Of Companies Super Distributors Throughout India in different Zones:
Maharastra Mumbai
Pune
Karnataka Bangalore
Kerela Malpuram
Calicut
Cheenai
Kollam.
Madurai
Zone Sales%
Western 54
Northern 20
Export 2
Others 5
Marketing Strategy
Plans are needed to clarify what kinds of strategic objectives an organization would like to
achieve and how this is to be done. Such plans must consider the amount of resources available. One
critical resource is capital. Kajah Group keeps a great deal of cash on hand to be able to “jump” on
opportunities that come about. Small startup Tea firms, on the other hand, may have limited cash on
hand. This means that they may have to foregot what would have been a good investment because they
do not have the cash to invest and cannot find a way to raise the capital. Other resources that affect
what a firm may be able to achieve include Trademarks/brand names: It would be very difficult to
compete factors such as: Patents The organization will identify the objectives it wishes to achieve.
This could involve profitability directly, but often profitability is a long term goal that may
require some intermediate steps. The firm may seek to increase market share, achieve distribution in
more outlets, have sales grow by a certain percentage, or have consumers evaluate the product more
favorably. Some organizations have objectives that are not focused on monetary profit—e.g., promoting
literacy or preventing breast cancer. · An analysis is made, taking into consideration issues such as
organizational resources, competitors, the competitors’ strengths, different types of customers, changes
in the market, or the impact of new technology. · Based on this analysis, a plan is made based on
tradeoffs between the advantages and disadvantages of different options available.· This strategy is
then carried out.
To maintain a friendly atmosphere which merges the diversities of our local area and which
encourages mutual respect, tolerance, co-operation, and an appreciation of positive human values. To
promote diligence and provide the maximum opportunity for the talents of all employees to be
identified and developed through a range of working experiences.3 To foster an appreciation of our
unique environment and traditions and also to engender in our employees a confidence and a sense of
responsibility in dealing with the wider community and in preparing for life and work in society at large.
To maintain good communication within the departments, with workers.
Responsible for directing the communication and interface of networking products, which
includes market requirements, customer feedback, understanding product needs and customer needs.
This individual will be responsible for managing the launch requirements connecting the different
teams into the same message that create a clear communication with customers using the right
channels business performance and to lead all relevant groups on actions and initiatives to achieve
results.
Analyze market opportunities and participate in the development of product line strategies.
Develop details product proposals for applicable line of business.
Provide product presentations to customers, sales and marketing organizations within the
region.
Provide deep competitive and regional market analysis to determine best set of actions to
achieve the goals of the enterprise business.
Full engagement with Marketing
Provide guidance to regions, supporting the quarterly guidance process, which incorporates
revenue, margin and product mix implications of enterprise.
Maintain and communicate competitive price models for the product portfolio, including
engagements with external industry analyst.
Support price and cost analysis of networking products
Providing various financial services like, loans, insurance, payments, remittances and financial
advisory services . Financial inclusion to promote growth, it has to move from “opening an account”
in the Bank, to regular savings and finally to a relationship which enables the borrower to access loans
on a regular basis.
In an Company, from procuring an order to delivering the final product, a series of activities
takes place. There are different depts. To which these activities are assigned eg. Raw material for
production is purchased by one dept. And supplied to other dept. Where the production initiates. Thus
every dept. play an important role of a customer and supplier as well. The importance of a customer is
well known from the maxim, “ Customer is the king”. Earlier, organizational administrators concentrated
only on the satisfaction of external customers i.e. the target market. But now it is being realized that if
the internal customer is satisfied the quality as well as the quantity is also appreciable. Higher the
customer satisfaction index, higher will be the quality of the production. This results in the satisfaction
of external customers and ultimately brings profits & prosperity to the organization. It can benefit the
Company in following ways:-
4) Qualitative product.
6) Good reputation in the market and many more benefits can be accrued.
Thus, every dept. should ensure that the customer dept. is satisfied with the product and
services provided by it as it will result into an overall improvement of the organization. To serve a final
customer first of all a company has to satisfy his employees. If employees are satisfied then they will
ultimately satisfy the final customer. Three types of marketing arises. These are a follows:-
(1) Internal marketing: It is defined as when company communicates its policies to the employees. In
this understands their employees & provides good working condition, compensation and incentives so
as to satisfy their employees. Company satisfy their employees because they are the person in touch
with the final users.
(2) External marketing: When company communicates with its final end user regarding the product
complaints & suggestions so as to satisfy them.
(3) Interactive marketing: In this employees communicate company product to its final end users.
Customer delivered value is the difference between the total customer value and total
consumer cost. Consumer value is the bundle of benefits customers expect from a given product or
service. Total consumer cost it the bundle of costs consumer expect to incur in evaluating, obtaining and
using the product. That two customers can report being “highly satisfied” for different reasons. one may
be easily satisfied most of the time and other might be hard to please but was pleased on this occasion.
Companies should also note that managers and salespeople can manipulate their ratings on customer
satisfaction. They can be especially nice just before the survey. They can also try to exclude unhappy
customers from the survey. Another danger is that if customers will know that the company will go out
of its way to please customers, some customers may express high dissatisfaction (even if satisfied) in
order to receive more concession. The value chain is a tool for identifying ways to create more customer
value. every firm is a collection of activities that are performed to design, produce, market, deliver and
support its product. The value chain identifies nine strategically relevant activities that create value and
cost in a specific business. These nine value-creating activities consist of five primary activities and four
support activities.
Marketing managers rely on internal reports on orders, sales, prices, cost, inventory levels,
receivables, payables, and so on. By analyzing this information, they can spot important opportunities
and problems.
A marketing intelligence system is a set of procedures and sources used by managers to obtain
everyday information about developments in the marketing environment. Marketing managers collect
marketing intelligence by reading books, newspapers and trade publications; talking to customers,
suppliers and distributors; meeting with other company mangers.
First: it can train and motivate the sales force to spot and report new developments. Sales
representatives are positioned to pick up information missed by other means.
Second: the company can motivate the distributors, retailers, and other intermediaries to pass along
important intelligence. Third: companies can collect competitive intelligence by purchasing
competitors’ products; attending open houses and trade shows; reading competitors’ publishing
reports; attending stockholders’ meeting; talking to employees, dealers, distributors, suppliers, and
freight agents; collecting competitors’ ads; and looking up news stories about competitors on the
internet.
CUSTOMER FULFILLMENT AND SERVICE
Order processing is the core of logistics activity. The receipt of the customer order is the trigger
that sets into motion all the logistics functions that culminate in the delivery of the product to the
customer. Of prime importance to good order processing is a good flow of communications, which binds
the entire system together, supported by a suitable and efficient management information system that
allows the processing of customer orders as well as collecting relevant information for management
decision making. The processing of a customer's order goes through a few well-defined phases.
External elements. While the firm's internal systems may be quite fast and efficient, there is an
external element in this transaction. In the first case, there is a transmittal of the order , which could
be through the post, telephone or facsimile. This order, when received, has to be recorded and
entered into the firm's system. This induces a delay and potential for inaccuracy. The second external
element in this transaction is the dispatch of the order through a transport provider or the firm's
own units. Often, these two elements contribute the most to extending the order cycle time. A change
in the method of order placement, such as doing it on line, can significantly reduce the time taken to
process the order. This also reduces the potential for inaccuracies in the order.
we want to select several tools to reach out and touch customers periodically. Iwill need
to balance the timing of Our follow-up and maintain professionalism. Several tools customer
follow-up system
The telephone
In today’s online and high-tech world, people forget about the phone. This is still a great way to
reach out and touch customers. It is especially effective after the sale to ask how it is going and to see if
they are happy with your product. The phone is a very personal way to interact with customers.
Newsletter
A newsletter is a value-added way to provide information to customer. Our customer can
subscribe to the newsletter giving on permission to continue to contact them with relevant valuable
information.
Many of the most-talked-about startups are run by people who are high profile. These are
people who work very hard to build their own personal profiles and brands. They’re promoting
themselves as a means of promoting their companies. Focus on building trust, reputation and thought
leadership, even at a small scale, and you’ll see results.
Participate Locally
Elsewhere startups aren’t participating enough at a local level. Sure, our client base isn’t
exclusively local (or based there at all) but participating locally within the startup community has many
advantages. Primarily, ou’re building goodwill amongst our local peers; people who are more inclined to
help out for the heck of it, to see a local success story. You’re building up friends, ones you’ve met face-
to-face, who can spread the word, create buzz and provide leverage for further marketing efforts down
the road.
Company blogs are interesting because they don’t just represent the voice of a single person;
they represent the voice of a company. This is certainly different from a personal blog, and even
different from many business blogs run by consultants, freelancers, etc. There are plenty of great
examples of company blogs, including Demand Satisfaction and Voodoo Ventures.
Use Video
Video is hot, there’s no two ways about it. And startups can use video quite easily to get viral
attention. This approach is more “shot in the dark” than a blog (which really should be a long-term,
organic marketing strategy) but it’s worth trying. Connected Ventures kicked ass with their lip dub video.
Humor works best, as we see with the Freshbooks video job ad . The guys at Thoof did a great job with
an Apple spoof ad, comparing themselves to dig .
Certainly, getting on TechCrunch, Mashable, Center Networks or one of the other big blogs that
cover startups is great, but there’s no shortage of smaller players in this space that can build awareness
and drive traffic. For example, Killer Startups allows anyone to submit a startup, and the community
votes on it. I’ve heard several good reports of the traffic it can send. Other sites include Go2Web20,
Listio, Simple Spark, Startup Squad and Feed My Appilication.
A small proportion of a household's total budget is spent on tea. At lower levels of income tea
consumption responds to changes in income. The income elasticity of demand (i.e. the percentage
change in consumption due to a one percent change in income) for tea in Thissure in the 2006s was
estimated to be 1.1. But at higher levels of income, the income elasticity of demand for tea tends to be
low. These figures suggest that the market in developed States would not expand significantly with
rising incomes. Furthermore, a decline in price would not have a large effect on the quantity demanded.
Stock reduction – Although there is some correlation between stock levels and prices, the
perishability of tea means that stocks are normally small in relation to consumption, so that this
scheme will only have a small impact on raising prices.
Reduced production – Because tea is domestically a popular beverage in many producing States,
most notably Trissure, opposition from such States is likely to make such a scheme very difficult.
High domestic demand in those States will mean that a lower share of production is exported,
thereby reducing their share in the export market, which they will find unacceptable.
Minimum quality standards – Removing substandard tea from the export market would address
the problem of oversupply, while demand could also be stimulated by increasing customer
satisfaction with tea.
DEMAND ANALYSIS
Demand analysis provide information on
A demand expert designs the survey with the assistance and active collaboration of a local
research institution . The field survey is designed to identify user needs/preferences and ability to
pay and to make explicit links to estimates of income and expenditures. Study objectives identify
concrete services for investigation, the target groups, and the purposes of the study, and inclusion
of socio-economic impact elements. Five things should guide the selection of a representative
demand that can be extrapolated district. Demand analysis followed this information’s.
Avoid Antagonizing
Avoid antagonizing Company prospects. It really isn’t good business to show
resentment at any time unless by so doing Company can actually sell a man that Company couldn’t
otherwise sell. To begin with, learn to control ourself and not fear competition. However, Company may
find it necessary to handle a prospect rather roughly at times. It takes a jar to sell some prospects and
hold them to the line so to speak and Company should be able to give them that jar if it is needed; but it
takes experience to make such a jar bring a friend and listing instead of making an enemy.
Market Segmentation
Segmentation is the cornerstone of marketing—almost all marketing efforts in some way relate
to decisions on who to serve or how to implement positioning through the different parts of the
marketing mix. For example, one’s distribution strategy should consider where one’s target market is
most likely to buy the product, and a promotional strategy should consider the target’s media habits and
which kinds of messages will be most persuasive. Although it is often tempting, when observing large
markets, to try to be "all things to all people," this is a dangerous strategy because the firm may lose its
distinctive appeal to its chosen segments.In terms of the "big picture," members of a segment should
generally be as similar as possible to each other on a relevant dimension (e.g., preference for quality vs.
low price) and as different as possible from members of other segments. That is, members should
respond in similar ways to various treatments (such as discounts or high service) so that common
campaigns can be aimed at segment members, but in order to justify a different treatment of other
segments, their members should have their own unique response behavior.
ADVERTISEMENT: It is any paid form of non personal presentation and promotion of Ideas, goods or
services by an identified sponsor. Advertisement can be in the form of TV Adz's, Newspaper &
Magazines, Banner & Hoardings, Print Media, and Or Internet. Advertisement of Todays mainly uses
TV Ad's to promote their sales. Company has been regularly endorsing celebrity for its brand
(Balasubramaniyam, Raima Sen Etc). Some of the Newspaper in which AD's of Company appear are as
under:The Economic Times,The Times OF India,The Indian Express.
SALES PROMOTION: Sales Promotion is also one of the elements of promotion mix. It is done to
promote the sales of the product. Comapny uses different Schemes for the Super Distributors,
Distributors, Retailers & Wholesalers. Target Selling is the criteria for the Super Distributor if they
achieve that target specified they are awarded with commission (Not Disclosed). For Wholesalers &
Distributors different Scheme like Scratch Card, Lucky Draw, Discount on Bulk Purchase. DIffernet Gifts,
Commission etc are used to promote sales.
CORPORATE SALES PROMOTION: Promotional or Corporate Sales is now a days plays a big role in
marketing because the concept of getting anything extra along with the product is becoming popular
among the consumers. Companies Promotional department has seized this opportunity and is selling
large chunk of its production to corporate customers which in turn is used by them as sales Promotion
tool.
PRODUCT PUBLICITY
Product publicity is when an organization attempts to attract public interest about a product
that it offers. Publicity falls under the giant umbrella of promotion, which is a component of marketing.
Other elements of promotion include advertising, sales promotion, and personal selling. Product
publicity will happen through a planned and organized campaign, often known as a publicity plan, that
has be created in order to launch a brand new product or else provide further information to keep
continuing interest in an already established product. The publicity plan is aimed at obtaining positive
media coverage for an organization's products. The main purpose of product publicity is to inform rather
than persuade, but the ultimate goal of product publicity is to promote the product and create interest
so that people will buy it. The public relations team for a company, either an in-house department or a
hired agency, is responsible for product publicity. The public relations team, or publicists, wants to make
their products look as appealing as possible to the public through the different mass media channels.
There are several different promotional tools through which a product can be publicized.
PressRelease
A press release is a tool for product publicity. It is a written or recorded statement that is issued
by an organization and sent to members of the media. The purpose of a press release is to announce a
product launch, a specific event, or to promote someone associated with that organization in order to
attract the attention of the media. Typically, a press release is mailed, faxed, or e-mailed to newspapers,
magazines, radio stations, or television stations.
Other Techniques
Other techniques used for product publicity include telephone press conferences, in-house media
tours, video news releases, and Internet releases.
Hold a contest
Have an exhibition or demonstration
Sponsor an event
Arrange a speech
Conduct a survey or poll
Arrange for a testimonial
Present an award (invent one if necessary)
Stage a debate
Organize a tour of the company
The CRM is a new technique in marketing where the marketer tries to develop long term
relationship with the customers to develop them as life time customers. CRM aims to make the
customer climb up the ladder of loyalty. The company first tries to determine who are likely prospects
i.e. the people who have a strong potential interest in the product and ability to pay for it. The company
hopes to convert many of its qualified prospect into first time customers and then to convert those first
time customers into repeat customers. Then the company tries to convert these repeat customers into
clients – they are those people who buy only from the company in the relevant product categories.
To launch a one to one initiative the company must be able to locate and contact a fair number
of customers or at least a substantial portion of its valuable customers. It is crucial to know the
customer details as much as possible, not just their names or address, but their habits, preferences and
so forth.
Customers are different in two principal ways, they represent different levels of value and have
different needs. Once the company identifies its customers differentiating them will help the company
to focus its efforts to gain the most advantage with the most valuable customers.
Ultimately to lock a customer into a relationship a company must adapt some aspect of its
behavior to meet customer’s individually expressed needs this might mean mass customizing a
manufactured product or it might involve tailoring some aspect of the service surrounding the product
There should be more and more emphasis given by the company for satisfying the customer
up to a apex limit and by providing the utility of every penny of his money.
There should be more use of information technology.
The company should be flexible to bend its rules and procedures in the clients favour.
The company can communicate and develop stronger customer bonding by providing social
and financial benefits.
A satisfied customer in 10 years will bring 1000 more customers to the company.
It costs 7 time more to attract a new customer than to serve an old one.
20% of the company’s loyal customers account for 80% of its revenues.
Customer Retain Management
An effective system of communication should provide opportunities for customer
information. The customer is the ultimate object whose satisfaction and goodwill are of the
utmost importance for the success of an organization. In carrying out the sales function of
planning, the management must communicate with customers. There were times when the
customer was not the central figure. But today the customer is the kingpin and sovereign of the
market whose needs and satisfaction, and the winning of whose goodwill, is of prime importance
in these days ofcompetitive setup. These must be communicated promptly. It is the
communication which establishes the contacts with the customers. Customercomn1unication
helps to establish a relationship with customers who buy and are the sources of products. The
media used for advertisements can also be used effectively to reach the customers. It is the
responsibility of communication:
1. To prepare welcome letters, personally addressed, signed by the chief executive officer to all
old as well as new customers.
2. Customer information should include helpful and desirable information concerning prices,
uses, after sale facilities etc.
3. Media like pamphlets and booklets printed in an attractive manner summarising the
company's product etc., are the purpose of communication.
5. Prompt response to all enquiries made by the customer promotes and builds confidence and
goodwill. Effective written communication promotes a friendly understanding of company
policies.
6. Preparing brochures and other informative folders directed to specific customer groups like
fanners, small business, women, and other special users.
The selling process is a set of activities undertaken to successfully obtain an order and begin
building long-term customer relations. While the activities we discuss apply to all forms of selling and
can be adapted to most selling situations (including non-product
product selling such as selling an idea), principle
occupation involves selling products (i.e., goods and services) to buyers and do so for organizations that
appreciate and support sellers who are well
well-trained and ethically responsible.
DEPARTMENT CHART
Accounts
Manger
Astt.
Purchase Store
Accounts
Executive Executive
Manager
Astt.
Accounts Astt.Store
Purchase
officer officer
Officer
Types of Asset & Laibility
Current Assets
Inventories
Trade & Other Receivables
Other Recoverables - Short Term Deposits
Amounts Due From Related Parties
Short Term Investment
Cash and Bank
Laibility
Non-Current Liabilities
Current Liabilities
Trade and Other Payables
Income Tax Payable
Amounts due to Related Parties
Interest Bearing Loans & Borrowings
Bank Overdrafts
Receivable Account
2009
Rs.000’s
74,861
Dividend Received
2009
Rs.000’s
Dividend Received
152,000
________
INVESTMENT
INVESTMENT PROPERTIES
2009 2008
Rs.000’s Rs.000’s
696,250 661,719
2009 2008
Rs.000’s Rs.000’s
171,914 155,675
120,380 120,380
________ ________
24,000 24,000
________ ________
Other Investments
Sources Of Funds/Resoures
Rs.000’s Rs.000’s
95,947 13,755
________ ________
________ ________
Net Cash Flows from/(Used in) Operating Activities
212,921 (52,511)
________ ________
90,000 (106,400)
Proceeds from short term borrowings (152,000) ____
(62,000) (106,400)
186,785 (3,887)
224,806 313,295
Operating Profit Before Working Capital Changes
____ ____
Interest Income
Investment Income 45,364 17,718
________ ________
Tax Payment
“An excessive and complicated tax regime is a continuing growing concern of the tea industry.”
“New land rent tax levied on developed and underdeveloped land is too high and discourages
tea expansion raising fuel prices caused by excessive tax on the product Road toll tax on
irrigation fuel is levied even though the fuel is not used for roads for vehicles.” (Kajah tea, Ltd.)
“The number of taxes continuing to pose a growing concern to the tea industry.Taxes such as
car benefit tax, ayroll levy, education levy are eroding the income fromthe activities of the tea
industry by raising tea production costs, thereby affecting the performance of the tea industry.”
“still the traditional export crops are heavily taxed due to various fees ….” (Government of india
2009, p. viii).
Taxes on the tea sector include a district producess of 5 percent of the farmers’price,
stamp duty of 1.2 percent fob, withholding tax of 2 percent fob, 3.5 percent Tea Board
and research fee, corporate tax, property tax, VAT, and a service levy of 0.3 percent of
VAT net turnover. The 2 percent export tax was abolished in July 2009.
Stated Capital 13 152,000 152,000 Property, Plant & Equipment 1 36892 50,082
Interest Bearing Loans & Deposits With Colombo Stock 8 ____ ____
____ ____
Borrowings Exchange
16 _________ _________
Deferred Tax Liabilities
17 55,512 46,590 917,501 877,260
Retirement Benefit ________
Obligations ________
18 30,878 29,394
Current Assets
2,693
_________ _________ 9 1,717
Inventories
438,287
86,390 75,984 10 475,884
Current Liabilities Trade & Other Receivables
1,552,993 1,474,548
________ ________
As at 31st March
Depreciation
2009 2008
Rs.000’s Rs.000’s
INVESTMENT PROPERTIES
2009 2008
Rs.000’s Rs.000’s
696,250 661,719
Rs.000’s Rs.000’s
171,914 155,675
________ ________
24,000 24,000
________ ________
Other Investments
Rs.000’s Rs.000’s
At the beginning of the year 12,746 14,330
16,281 __
Receivable within one year 12,746 __
3,836
2,962
12,445
Receivable after one year 9,784
________
________
INVENTORIES
2009 2008
Rs.000’s Rs.000’s
2,693 1,717
________ ________
2009 2008
Rs.000’s Rs.000’s
438,287 475,884
________ ________
2009 2008
Rs.000’s Rs.000’s
Subsidiary 48 72
12,808 11,360
________ _______
REVENUE RESERVES
2009 2008
Rs.000’s Rs.000’s
898,077 891,507
________ ________
2009 2008
Rs.000’s Rs.000’s
________ ________
The closing Deferred Tax Liability balance relates to the 6,581 8,019
following:
59,738 48,859
Accelerated Depreciation for Tax Purposes
(10,807) (10,288)
Revaluation of Investment Property to Fair Value
____ ____
Retirement Benefit Obligations
_________ _________
Others - Tax Losses
55,512 46,590
________ ________
RETIREMENT BENEFIT OBLIGATIONS – GRATUITY
2009 2008
Rs.000’s Rs.000’s
30,878 29,394
Rs.000’s Rs.000’s
299,944 203,995
________ ________
2009 2008
Rs.000’s Rs.000’s
Subsidiary 3 636
1,189 3,143
________ ________
Fringe Benefits Given To Employees
A fringe benefit is a form of pay for the performance of services. Company provides an
employee with a fringe benefit when company allow the employee to use a business vehicle to
commute to and from work. A cafeteria plan, including a flexible spending arrangement, a written plan
that allows company employees to choose between receiving cash or taxable benefits instead of certain
qualified benefits for which the law provides an exclusion from wages.
Working capital is the amount of funds necessary to cover the cost of operating the enterprise.
Working capital in a going concern is revolving funds .it consists of cash receipts from sales which are
used to over the cost of current operations .The need of working capital arises because of time gaps in
manufacturing and marketing cycle of business operations. This time gap is due to time gaps between
Cash and purchase of Raw-Materials.
During these intervals, the company should have ready working or operating funds to keep their
business going. Thus every business concern should have sufficient liquidity funds as its disposal to buy
Raw-Materials, stores etc to pay wages to personnel and to meet incidental expenses with the installed
plant equipment, tools and other fixed assets, the concerned would be able to produce finished goods
by spending cash or Raw Materials, intermediate goods Labor remuneration etc.
(a)
Current Assets
Inventories 72,230.00 50,765.00 21,465.00
Assets
balance
Capital
in W.C
N.W.C
ANALYSIS
The above table discloses in this working capital as that was the Net decrease in working capital
in this year 31-03-2009 to 31-03-2010 is Rs.68,174.00 due to major reasons of adjusting current assets
as increase and the current liabilities decrease but the provision decreased.
Interest Paid
2009 Rs.000’s
MINORITY INTEREST
75,483
90,000
Standard Charted Bank Loan
Gross Liability 101,307
Finance Charges Allocated to future periods 24,362
90,000
101,307
Price List
Software configuration
Software configuration management (SCM) is a set of activities that are designed to control change by
identifying the work products that are likely to change, establishing relationships among them, defining
mechanisms for managing different versions of these work products, controlling changes that are
imposed, and auditing and reporting on the changes that are made. The following topic categories are
presented. Communications between the large server and LANs use the LU 6.2 protocol .The underlying
communications hardware must therefore be able to supporting that protocol. The major software
components in this scenario that use LU 6.2 communications are the following.
Hardware
The workstations on the LAN can be either client machines or local servers. They are connected
by a communications controller to the host, which acts as an enterprise server. The hardware
configuration corresponds roughly to the structure of the business described above. The functions
provided by the enterprise server can be mapped to the functions provided by the head office. The
functions provided locally by the LAN in each branch can be mapped to the functions provided by the
branch. Each workstation on the LAN corresponds to the workstation that an employee of the branch
uses.
Systems Analysis & Design
Based on the qualitative data gathered in the interviews, we focus in this subsection on the
system analyst role and the changes that characterized it during the transition period. As has been
mentioned before, during the transition process, one functional system analyst worked together with
the development agile team and another one stayed as part of the external functional analysts group.
The group of operational system analysts did not change.
System Maintenance
high-maintenance
low-maintenance
maintenance window
High-maintenance
Describes a system which requires a high degree of maintenance to ensure proper functioning
and without which it is likely to break down. Who requires a lot of attention.
Low-maintenance
Describes a system which retains proper functionality over long periods of time despite little or
no maintenance. Figuratively, describes a person who is self-sufficient and does not require much
attention.
Maintenance window
A prescheduled time when a system can be taken off-line for maintenance, if necessary.
Features of system
System can be set to any value to suit an application. For tracking a slow motion the sampling
rate can be set to be extremely low, for days or even weeks of continuous capture. Since there is no
marker identification problem, high frequency sampling is not necessary except for tracking very high
speed motions. For applications in which very high-speed and low-speed motions occur simultaneously,
'multi-rate sampling' can be applied to make the most effective use of the system capabilities.
Multi-Rate Sampling
Sampling slow motions at high frequency would result in large amount of useless data,
wasting storage space and any data processing effort. system allows different markers to be
sampled at different frequencies to capture motions of very different speeds at about the same
spatial resolution. This is highly useful for many scientific applications. For example, the golf
club head moves much faster than the golfer's body in a glof-swing motion. To capture at
approximately the same spatial resolution, the clubhead markers can be captured four times
faster than the body markers.
There are advantages of using distributed databases. Usually it reflects your organization’s
structure. Since the databases are spread across the network, it can be in each department so that the
concerned department updates their database. Moreover in case of any catastrophic event, all the
databases are not destroyed since they are distributed in different physical locations. The performance
is also improved since the load is balanced on the servers. It costs less to have such a network instead of
a single large computer. It is easy to add or remove systems without affecting the other modules.
Disadvantages, it is difficult to maintain such a network and there would be more load for the
DBAs. Since the database is disconnected in nature, some extra work on the design part has to be done.
Complexity is increase and labor costs would also increase. Since all the sites have to be secured it is an
extra burden on that part. The manpower to manage such a database is rare to get. If you need to
convert an existing centralized DB to a distributed one, there are no tools to do so. Concurrency control
is an issue in distributed database.
Identification of error
The term client-server refers to a popular model for computer networking that utilizes client and
server devices each designed for specific purposes. The client-server model can be used on the Internet
as well as local area networks (LANs). Examples of client-server systems on the Internet include Web
browsers and Web servers, FTP clients and servers. Client/server networking grew in popularity many
years ago as personal computers (PCs) became the common alternative to older mainframe computers.
Client devices are typically PCs with network software applications installed that request and receive
information over the network. Mobile devices as well as desktop computers can both function as clients.
A server device typically stores files and databases including more complex applications like Web sites.
Server devices often feature higher-powered central processors, more memory, and larger disk drives
than clients.
Database Administration
The data replication strategy focuses on a single point of control. This is crucial in a
heterogeneous database management system environment. It would be inefficient for the data
replication administrator to learn the systems management environments and tools on every platform.
The better approach is to learn the environment of one platform and let the software on that platform
control all other platforms. This reduces training expenses and increases the productivity of the copy
administrator. We assume that these administrative tasks are executed on a LAN environment just as
the business trend is toward this environment. Data Propagator Relational manages change propagation
through refresh and update propagation and is accessed from Data Hubs action bar in the Action pull-
down list. Data Hub creates a programmable-workstation-based environment for database
administration. Data Hub and Data Propagator Relational as the foundation of its customer information
system.
CONCLUSION:-
From the Study of this company I understood the functions and features of the company. This
company is improving their quality, goodwill, market value and they are giving job opportunity so many
people. They are the strength of the company’s growth. In fact we can see that the company has
modernised its machineries and all and it’s the biggest industry in whole Kerala. With all most modern
facilities.
The institutional training at KAJAH TEA COMPANY(P)LTD helped to have a good knowledge
about how a company operates and the consequent focuses relating to the business activities. In the
short span of training the company management provides me a good exposure to the working and
management work out in the detail run. It enhanced about plants production process in details ,which
paved way for rich experience in plant supervision it also provide with information regards the exports
financial and human resources activities and documentation in the organization ,which was new area
entrance for me.
The training has helped to know the various delegation s that is found in the organization and
responds ability each delegates have the training has given a deep sense of understanding how an
organization takes efforts in bringing in product as an effective one and how it can be good in
competing with its competitors.
The organizations growth decides their tireless effort in bringing it up .The expansion and
establishment of the organizations in various places and in various forms denotes their financial
efficiency and capabilities.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
TEXT BOOKS
WEBSITES
• www.wekkipedia.com
• WWW.KAJAHTEA.COM
• WWW.TEAHISTORY.COM
APPENDIX
KSTC: Kerala State Textile Corporation