08 de Noviembre del 2010

Tema: Guía de Examen

Unidad: II

1.- Resolver por el método de Gauss Jordán, Cramer y Solución Simultanea.

2 x+2 y−4 z=12

2 x+6 y =16

−3 x−3 y +5 z=−20

Gauss Jordán.

2 2 −4 12

[ 2 6 0 16
−3 −3 5 −20 ]
Solución

2 2 −4 12
=1 1 −2 6
2

1 1 −2 6 ×−2=−2 −2 4 −12

−2 −2 4 −12+2 6 0 16=0 4 4 4

1 1 −2 6 × 3=3 3 −6 18

3 3 −6 18+−3 −3 5 −20=0 0 −1 −2

1 1 −2 6

[ 0 4 4 4
0 0 −1 −2 ]
0 4 4 4
=0 1 1 1
4

0 1 1 1 ×−1=0 −1 −1 −1

0 −1 −1 −1+1 1 −2 6=1 0 −3 5

0 0 −1 −20
 1 0 −3 5

[ 0 1 1 1
0 0 −1 −2 ]
0 0 −1 −2
=0 0 1 2
−1

0 0 1 2× 3=0 0 3 6

0 0 3 6+1 0 −3 5=1 0 0 11

0 0 1 2×−1=0 0 −1 −2

0 0 −1 −2+0 1 1 1=0 1 0 −1

1 0 0 11 x

[ 0 1 0 −1 y
0 0 1 2 z ]
Comprobación.

Primera ecuación Segunda ecuación Tercera ecuación

2 x+2 y−4 z=12 2 x +6 y =16−3 x−3 y +5 z=−20

2 ( 11) +2 (−1 )−4 ( 2 )=12 2 ( 11 )+6 (−1 )=16−3 ( 11 )−3 (−1 ) +5 ( 2 )=−20

22−2−8=1222−6=16−33+3+10=−20

12=12 16=16−20=−20

Cramer

Solución

2 2 −4 12

[ 2 6 0 16
−3 −3 5 −20 ][ ]
2 2 −4
∆= 2
[6
−3 −3 5
0 =+2
] [
6 0 −2 2 0 −4 2
−3 5 −3 5
6
−3 −3 ] [ ] [ ]
( 30 )− ( 0 )=30 ( 10 )− ( 0 )=10 (−6 )−(−18 )=12

( 30 ) ( 2 )=60 ( 10 ) (−2 )=−20 ( 12 ) (−4 )=−48

 ∆=60−20−48

∆=−8

12 2 −4

[
∆ 1= 16 6
−20 −3 5
0 =12
6 0
−3 5 ]
−2
16 0
−20 5 [
−4
16 6
] [
−20 −3 ] [ ]
( 30 )− ( 0 )=30 ( 80 ) −( 0 )=80 (−48 )− (−120 )=72

( 30 ) ( 12 )=360 ( 80 ) (−2 )=−160 ( 72 ) (−4 )=−288

∆ 1=360−160−288

∆ 1=−88

2 12 −4

[
∆ 2= 2 16
−3 −20 5
0 =2
−20 5 ][
16 0 −12 2 0 −4 2
−3 5
16
−3 −20 ] [ ] [ ]
( 80 ) −( 0 )=80 ( 10 )−( 0 ) =10 (−40 )− (−48 )=8

( 80 ) ( 2 )=160 ( 10 ) (−2 )=−120 ( 8 )(−4 )=−32

∆ 2=160−120−32

∆ 2=8

2 2 12

[
∆ 3= 2 6 16 =2
−3 −3 −20
6 16
−3 −20]−2
2
[ 16
−3 −20
+12
2 6
] [
−3 −3 ] [ ]
(−120 ) −(−48 ) =−72 (−40 )− (−48 ) =8 (−6 )− (−18 )=12

(−72 ) ( 2 )=−144 ( 8 )(−2 ) =−16 ( 12 )( 12 )=144

∆ 3=−144−16+144

∆ 3=−16

Resultados
∆1 −88 ∆2 8 ∆3 −16
x= = =11 y = = =−1 z = = =2
∆ −8 ∆ −8 ∆ −8
Comprobación
Primera ecuación Segunda ecuación Tercera ecuación

2 x+2 y−4 z=12 2 x +6 y =16−3 x−3 y +5 z=−20

2 ( 11) +2 (−1 )−4 ( 2 )=12 2 ( 11 )+6 (−1 )=16−3 ( 11 )−3 (−1 ) +5 ( 2 )=−20

22−2−8=1222−6=16−33+3+10=−20

12=12 16=16−20=−20
 2.- Encuentra la matriz inversa de A

A= 2 −1
6 7 [ ]
Solución:

A= 2 −1 1 0
[
6 7 0 1 ]
2 −1 1 0 −1 1
=1 0
2 2 2

−1 1
1 0×−6=−6 3 −3 0
2 2

−6 3 −3 0+ 6 7 0 1=0 10 −3 1

−1 1

[ 1
2 2
0
0 10 −3 1 ]
0 10 −3 1 −3 1
=0 1
10 10 10

−3 1 1 1 −3 1
0 1 × =0
10 10 2 2 20 20

1 −3 1 −1 1 7 1
0 +1 0=1 0
2 20 20 2 2 20 20

7 1

[ 1 0

0 1
20
−3
10
20
1
10
]
Inversa

7 1
A = 20
−1 20
−3 1
10 10
[ ]
Comprobación

7 1

[ 2 −1 20
]
6 7 −3
10
[ ]
20
1
10

7 7 1 1
2× = 2× =
20 10 20 10
3 3 1 −1
−1 ×− = −1 × =
10 10 10 10
¿1 ¿0

7 21 1 3
6× = 6× =
20 10 20 10
3 −21 1 7
7 ×− = 7× =
10 10 10 10
¿0 ¿1

A−1= 1 0
0 1 [ ]
3.- Se tiene la matriz

2 1 4

[ ]
K= 3 2 0
4 3 1
Calcular a K 2 +3 K + K t +5

2 1 4 2 1 4 23 16 12

[ ][ ] [
K 2= 3 2 0 3 2 0 = 12 7 12
4 3 1 4 3 1 21 13 17 ]
2 1 4 6 3 12

[ ][ ]
3 K=3 3 2 0 = 9 6 0
4 3 1 12 9 3

2 3 4

[ ]
Kt= 1 2 3
4 0 1

23 16 12 6 3 12 29 19 24
2

[ ][ ][
K +3 K= 12 7 12 + 9 6 0 = 21 15 12
21 13 17 12 9 3 33 22 20 ]
29 19 24 2 3 4 31 22 28

[ ][ ][
K 2 +3 K + K t = 21 15 12 + 1 2 3 = 21 13 12
33 22 20 4 0 1 33 22 20 ]
31 22 28 5 0 0
2

[ ][ ]t
K +3 K + K +5= 21 15 12 + 0 5 0
33 22 20 0 0 5

36 22 28

[ ]
22 20 15
37 22 26
 4.- Calcular por el Método de Gauss Jordán

2 x−3 y=−7

−3 x+ 2 y =−2

Solución

[−32 −3 −7
2 −2 ]
2 −3 −7 −3 −7
=1
2 2 2

−3 −7 −9 −21
1 × 3=3
2 2 2 2

−9 −21 −5 −25
3 +−3 2 −2=0
2 2 2 2

−3 −7

[ 1

0
2
2 2
−5 −25
2
]
−5 −25
0
2 2
=0 1 5
−5
2

3 3 15
0 1 5 × =0
2 2 2

3 15 −3 −7
0 +1 =1 0 4
2 2 2 2

[ 10 0 4 x
1 5 y ]
Comprobación

2 x−3 y=−7−3 x+ 2 y=−2

2 ( 4 )−3 ( 5 )=−7−3 ( 4 ) +2 ( 5 )=−2

8−15=−7−12+10=−2

−7=−7−2=−2

5.- Invertir la Matriz

1 2 3

[
A= −2 −1 3
1 −1 −2 ]
Solución

1 2 3 1 0 0

[
A−1= −2 −1 3 0 1 0
1 −1 −2 0 0 1 ]
1 2 3 1 0 0 ×2=2 4 6 2 0 0

2 4 9 2 1 0+−2 −1 3 0 1 0=0 3 9 2 1 0

1 2 3 1 0 0 ×−1=−1 −2 −3−1 0 0

−1 −2 −3−1 0 0+1 −1 −2 0 0 1=0 −3 −5−1 0 1

1 2 31 0 0

[ 0 3 92 1 0
0 −3 −5−1 0 1 ]
0 3 92 1 0 2 1
=0 1 3 0
3 3 3

2 1 −4 −2
0 1 3 0×−2=0 −2 −6 0
3 3 3 3

−4 −2 −1 −2
0 −2 −6 0+1 2 3 1 0 0=1 0 −3 0
3 3 3 3

2 1
0 1 3 0× 3=0 3 9 2 1 0
3 3

0 3 92 1 0+ 0 −3 −5−1 0 1=0 0 4 1 1 1
 −1 −2

[ ]
1 0 −3 0
3 3
2 1
0 1 3 0
3 3
0 0 41 1 1

0 0 41 1 1 1 1 1
=0 0 1
4 4 4 4

1 1 1 3 3 3
0 0 1 ×3=0 0 3
4 4 4 4 4 4

3 3 3 −1 −2 5 1 3
0 0 3 +1 0 −3 0=1 0 0
4 4 4 3 3 12 12 4

1 1 1 −3 −3 −3
0 0 1 ×−3=0 0 −3
4 4 4 4 4 4

−3 −3 −3 2 1 −1 −5 −3
0 0 −3 +0 1 3 0=0 1 0
4 4 4 3 3 12 12 4

5 1 3

[ ]
1 0 0
12 12 4
−1 −5 −3
0 1 0
12 12 4
1 1 1
0 0 1
4 4 4

Inversa

5 1 3

[ ] 12 12 4
−1 −5 −3
12 12
1 1 1
4 4 4

Comprobación
4
 5 1 3

[
1 2
−2 −1 3
3

1 −1 −2 ] [ ]
12 12 4
−1 −5 −3
12 12
1 1 1
4 4 4
4

5 5 1 1 3 3
1× = 1× = 1× =
12 12 12 13 4 4
1 −1 5 −5 3 −3
2 ×− = 2 ×− = 2 ×− =
12 6 12 6 4 2
1 3 1 3 3 3
3× = 3× = 3× =
4 4 4 4 4 4
¿1 ¿0 ¿0

5 −5 1 −1 3 −3
−2× = −2× = −2 × =
12 6 12 6 4 2
1 1 5 5 3 3
−1 ×− = −1×− = −1×− =
12 12 12 12 4 4
1 3 1 3 3 3
3× = 3× = 3× =
4 4 4 4 4 4
¿0 ¿1 ¿0

5 5 1 1 3 3
1× = 1× = 1× =
12 12 12 12 4 4
1 1 5 5 3 3
−1 ×− = −1×− = −1×− =
12 12 12 12 4 4
1 −1 1 −1 3 −1
−2 × = −2 × = −2 × =
4 2 4 2 4 2
¿0 ¿0 ¿1

1 0 0

[ ] 0 1 0
0 0 1