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Definition:
Industrial safety is primarily a management activity which is concerned with
reducing, controlling and eliminating hazards from the industries or industrial units.
Safety Organization:
Definition: safety organization may be defined as organization taking in the work of
accident prevention. It means that it has to remove unsafe physical conditions and
substitute safety practices in the place of unsafe practices.
Essential Elements: the basic elements regarding the safety organization are as under;
1. management leadership
2. assignment of responsibility
3. maintenance of safe working conditions
4. establishment of safety training
5. an accident record system
6. medical and first aid system.
7. acceptance of personal responsibilities by employees.
HUMANITARIAN:
The humanitarian argument derives its strength from a universally
accepted ethical and moral axiom that it is the duty of every man to ensure the physical
well being of his fellow man. This automatically holds the employer responsible, in the
eyes of every member of the society to provide a safe and healthy working environment
for this employees.
The safety specialist can therefore appeal to the conceive of the management by
emphasizing upon them that is immoral for the employer not to give due consideration to
the safety and well being of the employees by taking measures which could protect them
against pain and suffering as a consequence of unsafe practices and procedures allowed
in their enterprise.
ECONOMIC:
The economic argument very simply, is based on accident costing the
company money. It must however be appreciated that in order that this argument may
have an effective impact on the management. It is imperative that the costs of the
accidents occurring to the company must be accurately quantified. If this is done,
accident prevention is then seen by the senior management as good business, which
motivate the management to strive more and more to ameliorate their safety system in the
interest of maximization of the profit.
The safety specialists thus, use the economic argument as the most
powerful tool for ensuring a very elaborate and sophisticated accident prevention and
safety program. This is the foundation stone upon which the concepts or theories of risk
management/accidents prevention are based. These concepts unfortunately are hardly
known in our country.
It is high time that these most powerful tools may be introduced in our
country, both for making its industrial enterprises safer for the workers and for making
their operations more cost effective.
Introduction:
Across the industry and commerce there are a multiplicity of safety inspection
procedures, each developed to identify hazard within a particular business. However they
do fall into a number of broad categories.
Following are various procedures for the safety
Safety audit
A safety audit subjects each area of a company’s activity to a systematic critical
examination with the object of minimizing loss. Every component of the total system is
included. For example management policy, attitudes training, features of the process and
of the design, layout and construction of the plant, operating procedures, emergency
plans, personal protection standards, accident record etc.
Safety inspection
A routine scheduled inspection of a unit or department, which may be carried out by
someone ( may be a safety representative ) from within the unit, possibly accompanied by
the safety advisor. The inspection would check maintenance standards, imployee
involvement, working practices, fire precaution, use of guards and adherence to safe
working procedures etc, and be more immediate than the wide-reaching or in-depth
approach taken by audits and surveys.
Safety sampling
A particular application of a safety inspection or tour designe to check on one specific
pre-selected safety aspect only, within the workplace or an agreed part of it. This focuses
attention on the particular safety matter and highlights the observation of possible
hazards.
The safety sample chosen can be concerned with plant, equipment, guarding, methods of
operation, lack of adherence to safe systems of work, non use of permit to work system,
forklift truck driving and training or any other. Safety samples should be carried out
regularly but with a random selection of the subject each time.
The safety adviser has a contribution to make and should be a member of both the design
and hazard and operability teams.
Fire:
Fire like industrial accident is rarely experienced by most individuals on the other hand
fire is likely to affect directly large no: of people. The main causes of fire in industries
are
1. Electrical equipment.
2. Smoking.
3. Gas equipments.
4. Gas cutting and welding.
5. Oil and petrol equipments.
6. Rubbish burning.
7. Spontaneous combustion.
As per report of fire prevention association (FPA) THE 0.26% of total accidents was
caused by the fire.
Fire Prevention and Control:
To prevent and control the accidents, it is necessary to act upon the following guidelines.
1. Management must accept that a fire prevention policy must be set up and
regularly revised.
2. An estimate should be made of possible effects of fire in loosing buildings, plant
work in progress, workers, customers, plans and records.
3. Identifying the fire risks, considering sources of ignition, combustion material and
means where by fire could spread.
4. Estimate the magnitudes of the risks to establish priorities.
5. Establish dear lines of responsibilities for fire prevention.
6. Appoint a fire officer responsible to the board.
7. set up a fire protection drill for each development
8. Set up a program which will be maintained at appropriate intervals.
Common Precautions
Safety equipment
There are following equipment are use in the industries for the safety purpose.
• Goggles
• Glasses
• Hand gloves
• Apron
• Safety shoes
• Anti fire gas cylinders