Anatomy of the Larynx

The larynx consists of four basic anatomic components: a cartilaginous skeleton, intrinsic
and extrinsic muscles, and a mucosal lining The cartilaginous skeleton, which houses the
vocal cords, is comprised of the thyroid, cricoid, and arytenoid cartilages (Fig.1). These
cartilages are connected to other structures of the head and neck through the extrinsic
muscles. The intrinsic muscles of the larynx alter the position, shape and tension of the
vocal folds (Fig. 2)

Functions of the Larynx

The larynx functions in deglutition (swallowing), respiration (breathing), and phonation

(voice production). The production of voice can be thought of in terms of three
components: the production of airflow, the generation and resonance of sound and the
articulation of voice. (Fig.2)
 Production of Airflow

The lungs first supply adequate airflow to overcome the resistance of the adducted vocal
cords. The vocal cords are finely tuned neuromuscular units that adjust pitch and tone by
altering their position and tension.

Sound Production
Sound production occurs due to the vibration of the mucosa at the inner edge of each
vocal cord. Thus any structural, inflammatory, or neoplastic lesion of the vocal cord
affects voice production and quality (Fig.3).
Articulation of Voice
Final modification of the voice occurs in the mouth, nose and throat, where the tongue,
palate, cheek and lips are involved in articulation.(speech production)