Macrophage engulf and digest

bacteria

Some of digested antigen bind to MHC protein on plasma

membrane of macrophage. Macrophage become an antigen-
presenting cell (APC)

Specific receptor on helper T-cell (TH) bind to antigen on APC

(macrophage)

APC is activated to secrete

interleukin-1 (IL-1)

IL-1
activate TH

TH unbind from antigen

HUMORAL CELL-
RESPONS MEDIATED
RESPONSE

Receptor of lymphocyte B bind to Once activated, TH secrete

same antigen interleukin-2 (IL-2)

Antigen enter B-cells through IL-2 stimulate TH to increase in size

endocytosis to be processed ; B-cells and divide mitotically producing
become antigen- presenting cell (APC) clone of T-cells

The cells differentiate into :

Once activated, TH bind to APC (B-
cells) and secrete IL-2

TH Cytotoxic T-cell Supressor T- Memory T-

IL-2 stimulate B-cells to increase in
cells (TC) cells –end the cell
size and divide mitotically producing
-destroy immune -destroy
clone of B-cells
infected response same
cells (after antigen
The cells differentiate into: -IL-2 stimulate elimination of during
TC to release antigen)
perforin
(protein that
Plasma Memory B- forms pores in
cells cells -destroy plasma
-secrete same antigen membrane of
antibodies during infected cells)
second -results in, the
lysis of infected
cells to expose